~~. eros Operating System a het sopra tt nts ona computer wen ou wich ee fie Program that acts as an interface between the software and computer hardva soul ripigacpcsinticg| ont Programs that manages the overall functioning of the computer and its res s. An Operating system ions] it performs basic tasks, such) 10 do! ae rece, and monitors the execution ofthe other programs and applicator ih ingles and diectoreseq] ea EE CcPerising input from the keyboard, sending output to the monitor, mar: ving arate the storage deve, and controling pergheral devees Some commoneA@MPes of OPErARMESHSMEarE] yt Windows, Macintosh (Mac), Linux, DOS, and unit) ut come IBM Functions of an Operating System a ‘ catet Processor Management: An operating system manages the working of a processor by al sigs eeu vers Jobs to it It also ensures that each process and application receives enough time by the processor to], function propery. Properly. Mu Memory Management: An operating system manages the sharing of the internal memory (RAM, Cache, 7 ‘tc. among the multiple applications to ensure the proper execution of every process. x Device Management: An operating system controls the working of all the input and output (1/0) devices. on It receives the requests from these devices, performs the specific tasks, and communicates back to the a requesting processes. File Management: An operating system keeps track ofthe information regarding the creation, deletion, JM transfer, copy, and storage of fies in an organised way it lso maintain the integrity ofthe data stored in] these fies; including the directory structure, ‘ ‘Security: An operating system provides various techniques that ensure the. integrity and confidentiality of t the user's data. It is done using the username, password, and firewalls. § Error Detection: An operating system checks the system from time-to-time for any kind of external threat ‘or malicious software activity. It also checks the hardware for any type of damage, and displays appropriate alerts to the users. Job Scheduling: n 2 multitasking operating system where multiple programs run atthe same time, the ‘operating system determines which applications should run and in what order. It also checks how rruch time should be allocated for each appiication. Il Types of Operating System In the past three decades, computers have taken a giant stride towards excellence This has become possible only due fo the evolution of operating systems. Let us learn about the different types of operating systems, and high performance. information Technology 1 Kipsthreat priate , the nuch nce. ent single User Operating System. noxB60s the secon ‘deo game console developed by Microrot bo Xbox One Xs the tert version of the Xboe eres. te over ems could support only one user to do one thing at atime. ye most popular single user operating systems were: MlcrosoftWindows: Microsoft Windows 95, and Microsoft DOS. ened Graphical User Interface (GUI) (is operating systems graphic based and interactive In nature nt, menus and icons are available to perform all operations just by clicking on ther. Now, 2 user dont edo eee the egy commande Sing they had and-Line Interface (CU) oF Character User interface (Cul). Some examples of GUI are: Windows operating system, MacOS, Linus, ete) | f ‘Multi-user Operating System Multi-user operating systems allow more than one user to use the same computer at the same time. Some of the operating systems that fll in this category are: Linux, Unix, and Microsoft Windows. Windows 2000 was the fist version of Windows, which allowed the users to create several user accountson | | eo amerean computer single machine. programmer Timothy ingle instant of time is called | "paterson wrote the ‘ble of doing multiple tasks | orginal isk operating slike CPU, is | sstemin 4980.1 wae ntily called | 2008 asi and Diy operating System), but later renamed 86-005. mri ‘Multitasking Operating System fire ability to perform more than one task at asi multitasking”. An operating system that is capa or executing processes while using common processing resource called a Multitasking operating system.) Multithreading Operating System These are the operating systems that allow different parts of an application or program to run simultaneously. The feature of multithreading ‘ What is the purpose of multitasking? B. 1. 2. What is an operating system? Give a few examples. fg no 3. 4 What are the components.of Windows desktop? / Ot | Which of these functions is not performed by an operating system? BE File management d. Side Bar $s AbTIUITY OME —soraomrconsrc Divide the class into two groups and ask them to discuss the following topi + Types of operating system + Operating system and its functions