Tutorial : Linear System of Equations and Matrices

1. Define the following: (a) Matrix (b) Diagonal Matrix (c) Trace of Matrix (d) Scalar Matrix (e) Unit
Matrix (f) Symmetric Matrix (g) Skew-Symmetric Matrix (h) Non–Singular Matrix (i) Rank of a matrix

2 −5 4 1 3 2 0 1 0
2. Reduce the following matrices in Row-Echelon form.

(1)
1 −2 1 −1 −1 −1 1 0 1
1 −4 6 0 4 2 4 3 3
(2)
1 3 2 −2 0 0

−1 −3 0 7 4 −1 0 −1 30
(3)
1 3 2 −1 −1 4 −1 0 60
1 3 4 5 0 −1 4 −1 70
(4)
−1 0 −1 4 40

3. Reduce the following matrices into reduced Row-Echelon form.

1 2 0 −3
−2 1 −1
(1)
2 −1 1 7
(2)
1 2 3 
4 3 2 2
3 0 1
1 −1 1 0 2
2 −2 0 2 2
−1 1 2 −3 1
(3)
−2 2 1 −3 −1

x−y=3
2x − 2y = k
4.
For which value(s) of constant k does the system have no solution? Exactly one solution?
Infinitely many solutions? Give reason for your answer.

5. Solve the following system of linear equations by Gauss-Elimination method.

3x + 2x − 5x = 8 −x + x + 2x = 2 x + 2x − x + x = 1

0.6x + 1.5x + 1.5x − 5.4x = 2.7 3x − x + x = 6 3x + x − x = 2
1.2x − 0.3x − 0.3x + 2.4x = 2.1 −x + 3x + 4x = 4 x + 7x = 1

6. Solve the following system of linear equations by Gauss-Jordan method.

x − 2y + 3z = −2 −2b + 3c = 0
(1) −x + y − 2z = 3 (2) 3a + 6b − 3c = 0
2x − y + 3z = 1 6a + 6b + 3c = 0

7. Find the inverse of the following matrices, if they exist (by elementary row operations).

1 −2 −1 1 2 3
(1)
−1 5 6 (2)
2 5 3
5 −4 5 1 0 8
Prepared by : Dr. Pratik V. Shah
 What conditions must b , b and b satisfy for the system of equations
x − 2x + 5x = b
8.

4x − 5x + 8x = b to be consistent?

−3x + 3x − 3x = b

3 4 5 6 7
9. Find the rank of the matrix by converting to row echelon form.

0 1 −3 −1 " 4 5 6 7 8&
! %
1 0 1 1 2. ! 5 6 7 8 9%
3 1 0 2 !10 11 12 13 14%
19$
1.
1 1 −2 0 15 16 17 18

1 2 1
3 0 2 2 1 2 2
3.
−6 42 24 54  1 2 3
4.
21 −21 0 −15 −1 −2 4

10. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrices.

4 0 0 0 10 −4 3 4 1 4
' ( ' ( ' ( ' ( . ' (
0 −6 0 0 18 12 4 −3 −4 1

0 3 3 0 0 −10 10 −15 3 5 3 0 7 0
' (
−3 0
0 −8 0
10 5 −30
0 4 6
0 0 0
0 0 4 −5 −10 0 0 0 1 0 0 −2

1 1 3
11. Verify Caley-Hamilton theorem for the following

3 4
a) ' ( b)
1 3 −3
1 2
−2 −4 −4

12. Use Caley-Hamilton theorem to find A-1 for the following matrices
2 −1 1 1 1 3 −4 5 5
a)
−1 2 −1 b)
1 3 −3 c)
−5 6 5
1 −1 2 −2 −4 −4 −5 5 6

13. Is A diagonlizable? If yes, find the model matrix P and diagonal matrix D. Hence, find A13 .

0 0 − 2   1 2 2
5 3    
a)   b) 1 2 1 c) 0 2 1
   
1 3 1 0 3  − 1 2 2

Prepared by : Dr. Pratik V. Shah