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Isolation Amplifier

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mayarhossam2003
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21 views10 pages

Isolation Amplifier

Uploaded by

mayarhossam2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Isolation Amplifiers

• An isolation amplifier is designed to provide an electrical


barrier between the input and output.
• It consists of two electrically isolated stages: Input stage and
Output stage separated by an isolation barrier so that a signal
must be processed in order to be coupled across the isolation
barrier.
• It is used for the protection of human life or sensitive
equipment in those applications where hazardous power-line
leakage or high-voltage transients are possible.
• Isolation amplifiers use capacitive coupling, optical coupling
or transformer coupling to provide isolation between the
stages.
• In each stages, supply voltages and grounds are separated so
that there are no common electrical paths between them.
Equivalent
108 ~ 1012 Ω

Input Ouput
Amplifier Modulator Demodulator Amplifier

Isolation barrier,
can be magnetic transformer,
optical, capacitive
▪ A simplified block diagram for a typical capacitor coupled isolation
amplifier
▪ Notice that there are two different ground symbols are used to
reinforce the concept of stage separation.
▪ The input stage consists of an amplifier, an oscillator and a
modulator.
▪ The modulator uses a high-frequency square-wave
oscillator to modify the original signal.
▪ A small-value capacitor in the isolation barrier is used to
couple a modulated high-frequency carrier; the capacitors
can stand off large DC or power frequency AC voltages but
provide coupling for the much higher frequency carrier
signal from the input to the output.
▪ The output stage consists of a demodulator that extracts the
original input signal from the modulated signal so that the
original signal from the input stage is back to its original
form.
▪ When separate dc supply voltages and an input signal are
applied, an amplified output signal is the result.
An isolation amplifier that uses pulse width modulation is
shown
▪ The ISO124 is a capacitively-coupled isolation amplifier that uses pulse width
modulation to transmit data across the barrier. The ISO124 has fixed unity gain
and is rated to 1500 Vrms of isolation.
▪ The frequency response is
specified to 50 kHz, but
high-frequency ripple due to
the PW modulation may be
observed on the output at
higher frequencies. The
supply voltages should be
coupled with external
capacitors to reduce noise

▪ The manufacturer recommends a


0.1µF tantalum capacitor (to
reduce noise) from each dc power
supply pin to ground.
Transformer-coupled isolation amplifier
The 3656KG is a transformer coupled isolation amplifier that uses
pulse width modulation to transmit data across the barrier.
The 3656KG can have gain
Rs Ri2
for both the input and output Vin
(7)
Rf 2
stages. The 3656KG is Rf 1
suited for patient monitoring (10)
(14)
applications, such as an ECG (6)
Input Output
(15)
Vout
amplifier.. Ri1 (16)
(12)
The gain of the input stage is (19)
(20)

(3)

The gain of the output stage is +VDC

The total amplifier gain is the product of the gains of the input and
output stages.
Av(tot) = Av1Av2
Optical-coupled isolation amplifier
Optical isolation is most commonly used to
transmit digital signals. A light-emitting diode
within an opto-isolator generates light when current
flows through the diode. A receiving transistor,
which is light sensitive, will enable a current to
flow when it detects light. Since the only
connection between the input and output is a path
for light to pass, then the device can provide
isolation of several thousand volts from input to
output.

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