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Lab 19 Manual CSE215 Summer 2024

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47 views3 pages

Lab 19 Manual CSE215 Summer 2024

Uploaded by

Tamanna Adiba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭North South University‬

‭Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering‬


‭CSE 215L (Programming Language II Lab)‬
‭Lab 19: Introduction to Abstract Classes‬

‭Instructor: Tanvir Yeasin Opy‬

‭Objective:‬
‭●‬ ‭Get introduced to Abstract Classes‬
‭Concept of Abstraction:‬
‭The‬‭concept‬‭of‬‭abstraction‬‭deals‬‭with‬‭hiding‬‭the‬‭internal‬‭implementation‬‭details‬‭and‬‭showing‬‭the‬‭functionality‬‭to‬
t‭he user.‬
‭ onsider‬ ‭a‬ ‭coffee‬ ‭machine‬ ‭where‬ ‭you‬ ‭make‬ ‭coffee,‬ ‭and‬‭we‬‭do‬‭not‬‭know‬‭about‬‭the‬‭internal‬‭functioning‬‭of‬‭the‬
C
‭coffee‬‭machine.‬‭But,‬‭the‬‭coffee‬‭machine‬‭has‬‭functions‬‭that‬‭we‬‭need‬‭to‬‭know‬‭only;‬‭nothing‬‭else‬‭matters.‬‭All‬‭we‬
‭need‬‭to‬‭know‬‭is‬‭what‬‭button‬‭does‬‭what‬‭function;‬‭we‬‭don’t‬‭need‬‭to‬‭know‬‭where‬‭the‬‭button‬‭is‬‭connected‬‭to,‬‭which‬
‭part of the machine, or which wire the button uses.‬
‭We can achieve abstraction by using abstract classes and interfaces.‬
‭What is an Abstract Class:‬
‭ or‬‭so‬‭long,‬‭we‬‭had‬‭created‬‭the‬‭classes‬‭with‬‭the‬‭required‬‭data‬‭fields,‬‭constructors,‬‭and‬‭methods‬‭and‬‭then‬‭could‬
F
‭write‬‭what‬‭each‬‭method‬‭or‬‭constructor‬‭should‬‭do,‬‭meaning‬‭that‬‭we‬‭could‬‭dictate‬‭the‬‭implementations.‬‭We‬‭could‬
‭also create instances of classes as well in the old days.‬
‭However,‬‭a‬‭class‬‭that‬‭is‬‭declared‬‭to‬‭be‬‭abstract‬‭is‬‭called‬‭an‬‭abstract‬‭class‬‭.‬‭We‬‭have‬‭to‬‭use‬‭the‬‭abstract‬‭keyword‬
t‭o declare a class to be abstract. However, we have to know the following about the abstract classes:‬
‭‬
● I‭ t can have abstract or non-abstract methods.‬
‭●‬ ‭We cannot create an instance of the abstract class‬
‭●‬ ‭Abstract classes MUST be inherited by any other class.‬
‭●‬ ‭Abstract classes can also have their data fields and constructors.‬
‭●‬ ‭In the UML Diagram, these classes are represented in‬‭Italics‬‭.‬
‭What is an Abstract Method:‬
‭ bstract‬ ‭methods‬ ‭are‬ ‭those‬ ‭methods‬ ‭that‬ ‭are‬ ‭declared‬ ‭as‬ ‭abstract‬ ‭and‬ ‭do‬ ‭not‬ ‭have‬ ‭implementation.‬ ‭Like‬ ‭the‬
A
‭abstract‬ ‭classes,‬ ‭these‬ ‭are‬ ‭also‬ ‭in‬ ‭italics‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭UML‬ ‭diagram.‬ ‭They‬ ‭do‬ ‭not‬ ‭have‬‭a‬‭body‬‭and‬‭must‬‭end‬‭with‬‭a‬
‭semi-colon.‬ ‭In‬ ‭addition,‬ ‭they‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭in‬ ‭an‬ ‭abstract‬ ‭class‬ ‭and‬ ‭MUST‬ ‭be‬ ‭overridden,‬ ‭which‬ ‭means‬ ‭that‬ ‭we‬
‭SHOULD‬ ‭NOT‬ ‭use‬ ‭the‬‭final‬‭or‬‭static‬‭keywords‬‭in‬‭those‬‭methods‬‭as‬‭using‬‭the‬‭final‬‭keyword‬‭prevents‬‭us‬‭from‬
‭MAKING ANY ADJUSTMENTS, which includes overriding.‬
‭Notes:‬
‭ ‬ I‭ n the UML Diagram, you will notice that the abstract class and methods are indicated in italics.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭For FictionBook‬
‭‬ ‭displayInfo() prints the name, author, and genre in successive lines.‬
o
o‬ ‭isRecommendedForAge() returns true if the age is 14 and above.‬
‭
‭●‬ ‭For NonFictionBook‬
o‬ ‭displayInfo() prints the name, author, and subject in successive lines.‬
‭
o‬ ‭isRecommendedForAge() returns true if the age is 18 and above.‬
‭
‭Tasks to be done:‬

◻
‭ ‬ ‭Implement‬ ‭the‬ ‭Book,‬ ‭FictionBook,‬ ‭and‬ ‭NonFictionBook‬ ‭classes‬ ‭and‬ ‭declare‬ ‭the‬ ‭required‬ ‭data‬ ‭fields,‬
‭constructors, and methods accordingly.‬
◻
‭ ‬ ‭Create‬ ‭an‬ ‭instance‬ ‭of‬ ‭FictionBook‬ ‭and‬ ‭NonFictionBook‬ ‭class,‬ ‭and‬ ‭test‬ ‭their‬ ‭displayInfo()‬ ‭and‬
‭isRecommendedForAge() methods; the value passed for the latter parameter should be user-input for now.‬
‭Homework:‬
‭Carry forward the Classes we have made in the Classwork‬
‭Tasks to be done:‬

◻
‭ ‬ ‭Create‬‭an‬‭ArrayList‬‭of‬‭Books‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Main‬‭Method;‬‭the‬‭ArrayList‬‭must‬‭contain‬‭a‬‭combination‬‭of‬‭Fiction‬‭and‬
‭Non-Fiction Books.‬
◻
‭ ‬ ‭Add 3 Fiction books and 3 Non-Fiction Books into the ArrayList.‬
◻
‭ ‬ ‭Iterate‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭ArrayList‬ ‭and‬ ‭display‬ ‭information‬ ‭about‬ ‭each‬ ‭book,‬ ‭then‬ ‭print‬ ‭whether‬ ‭each‬ ‭book‬ ‭is‬
‭recommended for someone who is 16 years old or not.‬

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