Before leaving your house, you find yourself

in the mirror most of the time and see how

you look, what’s missing or what’s too much.
A mirror in real life is not just like that of a
fairy-tale, which is used just to determine the
fairest being alive on the planet. Mirror’s use
is not only for checking one’s physical
appearance. A mirror in fact saves lives of
many. Side mirrors in cars, buses and other
vehicles allow drivers to see vehicles behind.
With careful driving, having side mirrors can
prevent road accidents. Rushing ambulance
which may have a passenger on a critical
condition, are easily identified with its
inverted print. These are reasons why you see
mirrors not only in your house, but also in
cars, in hospitals, and even in dental clinics.
Aside from mirror, this module will also focus
on the use and importance of lenses to
man’s life. Like mirror, a lens is also a
fundamental object that opens the
gateway to man’s discovery of the
previously unknown world of microorganisms
and the universe afar. Lenses also enable us
to see the world we are living in and to know
what surround us.
Through lenses, we are capable of enjoying
the beauty of nature and some other
creations. These are just some of the
examples of the uses and importance of
mirrors and lenses. These objects, though
simple and plain have become part of man’s
daily life, and plays an essential part of his
everyday existence.
Have you noticed the word “AMBULANCE”
in an ambulance car? How is it written? Did
you ever wonder why it is written that way?
You will find the answers to these questions
as you go through this module. Try the
following activity to study one of the
properties of light.
Directions: Choose the letter
of the correct answer and
write it on a ¼ sheet of
paper.
1. You see the reflection of the analog type of
clock without numbers in your plane mirror.
The image formed by the hands of the clock
shows the time of 8:30. What is the real time?
a. 3: 30
b. 8: 30
c. 9:30
d. 12:30
2. What kind of lens curves inward toward its center?
a. convex b. concave c. mirror d. glasses

3. Which of the following uses concave lens?

a. Magnifying glasses
b. Dentist’s mouth mirror
c. Telescopes
d. Car’s headlight
4. Which mirror concept explains why the
word AMBULANCE is written in reverse in an
ambulance car?
a. Lateral inversion
b. Multiple image
c. Virtual image and real image
d. All of the above
5. What kind of mirror is used in the side mirrors
of automobiles and trucks to give the driver a
wider area and smaller image of traffic
behind him?
a. Plane mirror
b. Convex mirror
c. Concave mirror
d. None of the above
 You’ve Got a Message in a Mirror!
Have you checked yourself in the mirror today? Try
to do this activity to reveal a message that is
specially sent for you. What you need: Pen, Science
Activity Notebook and Mirror What you have to do:
1. Read the flipped words below by facing the text
box in front of a mirror.
2. Write the message you deciphered on your ¼
sheet of paper.
Have you noticed that
the word AMBULANCE
is written in reverse?
Why do you think is
this so?
Let’s have a little recall of what a mirror is.
Technically, a mirror is a reflective surface,
made of glass coated with metals, which
bounces off light that strikes its surface and
form a visual representation or projection of
an object called image. Questions like: How
do images form in a mirror? How is one able
to see his or her image in the mirror?
What makes up a mirror? These were the
queries you asked before going through the
modules about Mirrors and Lenses, but surely
these learnings were all made clear in the
prior modules about the said topics. In the
previous modules about mirrors, you found
out that mirrors produce different types of
images depending on their shapes.
Plane and convex mirrors form images called
virtual images, upright and erect. Other type
of image formed by a mirror is called real
image; inverted upside down and larger than
the original image. Concave mirrors can
produce both virtual and real images.
Make one optical instrument. Create
your video on how you start and end
up with your optical device.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2: INDIVIDUAL
Tell something what you
have learned on mirrors.
What
makes up a
mirror?
Activity Title:
Mirror Self-
Check!
Procedure:
1. Hold a make-up mirror close in
front of you. Describe the image
that you see. Write your
observations in ½ crosswise.
2. Have someone hold the mirror for
you, slowly move at least 3 m away
from the it. Observe your image as
you move away from the mirror. Are
there any changes in the image
formed? Write your observations.
3. Holding the same mirror, turn the
other side close in front of you. What
do you observe about the image
that you see? How do you compare
your image on this side of the mirror
to the image formed in the opposite
side of it?
4. Again, have someone hold the
mirror for you, slowly move at least 3
m away from the mirror. How do
you compare your image when you
were observing it closer in front of
you and when you were 3m away
from the mirror?
5. Now this time, sit close in
front of a side mirror. How do
you describe the image that
you see? Write your
observations.
6. Slowly move at least 3 m
away from the side mirror.
Observe your image as you
move away from the mirror.
Write your observations.
7. Compare the images
formed in different mirrors.
You may draw illustrations
to support your answer.
The activity above helped you
understand the different images
formed by the three different
mirrors; plane mirror, concave
mirror and convex mirror. A plane
mirror produces upright, left-right
reversed and virtual image.
Concave mirror produces a magnified
image and virtual image, but as you move
away from it, image is projected upside
down, called real image. Convex mirror
on the other hand gives us the smaller
version of the image, thus allowing us to
see wider view field.
Assessment 1 Directions: Identify what is defined
in the following statement, you can use the
jumbled letters in each item as a hint. Write your
answers on your Science Activity Notebook.
1. A plane mirror is a flat surface mirror, the
image formed by a plane mirror is called
(TULARIV) image.
2. Mirrors arranged parallel to each other can
form (ENITFNII) image, a number you can’t
count.
3. A (PEOCSOKAEILD) is a colorful optical
instrument in which the mechanism of
multiple image is used.
4. A convex mirror is used in car’s side mirror
because it gives (RDWIE) view field than
concave mirrors.
5. To secure the store from shoplifters, aside
from CCTV camera, store owners hang
(RORMIR XNCOEV) on the corner.
OBJECTIVES:
Define
reflection
Reflection not only happens on a
smooth surface like plane mirrors, but
also happens on rough surfaces. This
is why reflection is classified into two
types.
Have you seen multiple
images? How do you think
these images formed?
ACTIVITY TITLE: Mirror-
Right Reversal
Procedure:
1. Place the alphabet chart in front of the
plane mirror. Identify all capital letters
in the alphabet that can be read
properly in front of the mirror.
2. Write at least 3 words (all in capital
letters) that can be read properly both with
a mirror and without a mirror in front of it.
Q5. What are the letters of the alphabet (in
capital) that can be read properly in front of a
mirror? Q6. Think of words (in capital letters)
that can be read properly both with a mirror
and without a mirror. What are these words?
Write the sentence below on a clear sheet of
paper in such a way that it can be read
properly in front of a mirror: Honesty is the
best policy.
The laws of reflection.
The other law states that: “The normal
line, incident ray, and the reflected ray
lie on the same plane.”
Reflection of light is employed
significantly in making optical
instruments like periscopes. Periscopes
allow sea navigators in a submarine to
see the surface of the water.
Types of Reflection:
1. Specular/ Regular
Reflection. This is a
reflection of light on
smooth surfaces such as
mirrors or a calm body of
water. An example of this
is the image of the Mayon
volcano on a calm water
shown in Figure 8b.
2. Diffused/Irregular
Reflection. This is a
reflection of light on rough
surfaces such as clothing,
paper, wavy water, and
the asphalt roadway. An
example of this is the
image of a mountain on a
wavy body of water as
shown in Figure 9b.
Look at your reflection on a shiny metal
spoon. Is your reflection the same on the
two surfaces of the spoon? How will you
compare your reflection on the two
surfaces of the spoon? This is a reflection
on curved mirrors.
In your lessons about the behavior of light
in Grade 8, you learned that light is not
reflected when it hits a surface. Light can
also bend or refract when travelling from
one medium to another. In this part of the
module, let us talk about another object
which plays a vital role in the study of the
behavior of light, lenses. Like the mirror,
the lens is usually made of glass.
The only thing that makes it different is that
the lens can also be made of other
transparent materials like plastics that allow
light to pass through, instead of bouncing the
light rays off. Lenses come also in two types,
namely: convex (converging) and concave
(diverging) lenses. When these lenses are
combined, the produced lens is called
meniscus lens. This type has one concave and
one convex lens on opposite sides.