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Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
A Review: Smart Ambulance and Traffic
Controlling System
Sudhakara H M1, Girish H. R2, Kumara Swamy N. R3, J. Vinay Kumar4 and Sachin Kumar. M5
1
Sr. Assistant Professor, ECE, AIET, Mangalore, India
2345
UG Scholar, Dept of ECE, AIET, Mangalore, India
Abstract— India is a developing country, population of India is s the number of deaths due to delays in the arrival of emerg
significantly growing. India stands within the 2nd place in ency vehicle
the world in terms of population. As there will be increase in has risen to greater extent.Hence emergency services such a
population gradually there will be increase in number of s ambulances and fire engines must be on time to avoid loss
vehicles, due to which the traffic congestion increases and
because of which the emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire
of human life.In the current traffic situation, therefore, help
engine etc. face difficult to reach the destination in time. ing an emergency vehicle move out of traffic congestion is
Under these circumstances, very much important. To solve the problems given above.
a promising system that can clear the traffic signal especially i In this paper, we have come up with the ‘Smart Ambulance
n peak hours and thus provide a safe route for emergency and traffic controlling system’. The main purpose of this
vehicles is extremely important. In existing device is to allow the
literature there's less focus show on the emergency vehicles to ambulance to reach a specific location without making it sto
clear the trail, to overcome this issue a RFID based system is p somewhere before it reaches the destination.
proposed by using this technique we will manage and regulate
the traffic signals at junction which emergency vehicle
approaches. Thus there'll be easy passing out for the II. LITERATURE SURVEY
emergency vehicles in traffic congestion. The proposed frame Vanjale et al [1] have proposed a RFID-based system,
work is modeled by the means of an experimental setup using which manages and regulates the traffic signals at junctions
Arduino and LED displays which simulates a true time traffic when the emergency vehicle approaches, by allowing the
scenario. This simulation results illustrate the terms of straight forward passage out of the traffic congestions. This
detection still as is providing passing for the emergency vehicle paper proposes an approach which controls the Traffic
to of holdup in peak hours.
Signals so as that when the emergency vehicle is on its way
Keywords:-RFID technology, traffic signal management, to a selected destination. The case of ambulance is tracked
congestion clearance; by using GPS. This location is send to the application. The
application performs the algorithm with the help of this
data and so the google map. It controls the signals on its
I. INTRODUTION
path. They also introduced a current blue light to stoplight
Population in developing countries such as India is
to avoid the chaos within the mind of the people waiting at
increasing significantly. This result in a number of problems
the stoplight. The working of the system relies on two
such as heavy traffic jams, violation of the traffic rules and
important modules.
sometimes even accidents.
For example, the number of road accidents in major cities s
uch as Chennai, Hyderabad and Delhi increased to 16 death • The GPS System
s per hour,as stated by the Indian Government. • Application Server
Additionally,traffic congestion leads to long waiting times, f The ambulance or any emergency vehicle must be equipped
uel depletion and even money waste. with the GPS System. This GPS System will send the
In particular, traffic congestion contributes to high rates of e coordinates of the vehicle at every moment to application
missions impacting the health of the local population, shuttl Server. Each vehicle must be logged in to the android
es and animals.Traffic congestion is often commonlyassocia application. This application keeps tracking the vehicle and
ted with some other traffic issues, such as the blocking ofe tracks the route. The route is already selected by the motive
mergency vehicles. Precisely, the traffic congestion often force this route is additionally accessed by the server. The
blocks the path of the emergency vehicles which may applying server accepts all the knowledge, based on this
Human Life is a very valuable thing for any country. The information the server finds this location of the vehicle and
regular occurrence of incidents and medical emergencies su also the route selected to the destination. This helps to
ch as look out the following stoplight in its vicinity. Whenever
fire, road accidents, medical emergencies etc. It is very nece the vehicle comes within the space of certain meters from
ssary that emergency vehicles arrive on time to prevent seri the signal the server must send the required action so as that
ous loss of humans. Thus, hospitals and fire stations are the vehicle doesn't must wait at the signal. A symbol is
throughout the city to reduce response time in case of such additionally sent to the destination hospital so as that the
emergencies. hospital authorities are able to handle the patient. Hospitals
A very rapid population growth in cities has resulted in trem also assign the priority to the patient supported their
endous road traffic within the city.In addition, in recent time situation. It’s useful when two ambulances arrive to the
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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
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Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
identical signal at same time. There is also certain decision barriers for act. The developed system during this paper has
that the software must take supported things of the signal allowed the Android mobile device (emergency vehicle) to
lights. Variety of these possibilities is as follows if the override the traditional operation of a stoplight. They use an
signal is already green it'll remain the identical as long android and cloud based control system using the GSM
because the ambulance doesn't glide by. there's also a threat module. The system comprises of Android mobile device,
that individuals might think that it's technical error if it's GSM module, MQTT (IoT) for Arduino IDE, Arduino Uno
green for too long only on one track and can break the rule microcontroller and traffic signals this technique are going
to avoid this a greenhorn blue light is placed on the signal, to be very essential for the benefit and safety of the people
whenever other signals be Red to grant way to emergency of the society, thereby ensuring that there's not a hold
vehicle simultaneously the Blue light is lit as a up that's experienced currently. MQTT is an "Internet of
sign that there's an emergency vehicle passing. Things" connectivity protocol and is employed in sensors
Dang et al [2] have proposed work which provides priority communicating in home automation and tiny device
based approach. This aims to build an integrated user scenarios, which explains how the system works.
HPV The stoplight unit is going to be constructed and can be
system through which an HPV driver can send requests to t controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller with the
he system to which the system responds intelligently. Road relevant program code. . The android mobile device are
Segments (RS) priority is determined at the intersection and going to receive messages and send commands to the
light turns green with highest priority vehicle. They tested microcontroller via the
the algorithm on SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) cloud environment and MQTT cloud server with the GSM
and it's shown positive results by saving over 50% time in module is been used which may be compatible to both the
various traffic intensities (low, moderate, high). The system cloud environment and therefore the Arduino
mainly aims to tackle traffic jams problems for HPV. It’s a microcontroller thus helps user to figure in user friendly
user interactive system where the user (who is that mode.
the driver of HPV) initially attaches itself to the system
before moving on for a call. It then sends an invitation to Smith et al [4] have proposed the system which
turn light green to the system at a traffic intersection to comprises of 5 stages which are Android mobile device,
urge a green signal. The system calculates the priority of GSM module, MQTT (IoT) for Arduino IDE, Arduino Uno
every RS of a traffic intersection. The system microcontroller and traffic signals this paper, they
turns light green for the RS with highest priority value. The need proposed an adaptive Traffic Management System
system takes good move by calculating the priority value of (TMS) combined with a symbolic logic based scheme so
every intersection after a period of TLDC. Traffic Light as to require appropriate actions to hurry up the progress of
Duration Cycle (TLDC) could be a time of 1 traffic cycle emergency vehicles while avoiding the creation of
consisting of red and green duration of a light at an bottlenecks around their routes. This is often achieved
intersection. The model takes two scenarios into through.The TMS has multiple steps at its disposal to ensur
considerationSuppose there is no ambulance at a light inters e the quickest possible response to an emergency; a number
ection on any RS then light runs automatically. Remember of these will be performed at dispatch time whereas others
there are ambulances on every RS of traffic intersection as t must be performed dynamically while the EV is on the
he system is determining the priority of any RS of a traffic i way toward the emergency location.
ntersection then the RS with the best priority value turns gre
en over other RS for a whole TLDC during this way the sys Faldu et al [5] reported a paper on real time adaptive
tem gives the priority to the ambulances and other essential control system. In present world, the matter of traffic
vehicles. jam has become a significant concern. It’s not just restricted
to megacities or metropolitans but even for little cities;
Meera et al [3] explored about the opposite intelligent light hence they require a wise or intelligent control system.
systems and other transportation systems and came to Their present control system is not adaptive but relies on
conclusion and proposed this technique which has allow the time and independent of the traffic density.
android mobile device (emergency vehicle) to override the This static nature makes it noisy, unstable and inefficient. A
traditional operation of a stoplight. An android and cloud- true time traffic information processing and monitoring pro
based control system using the GSM module is an effective gram is proposed for addressing this problem of controlling
and price competitive solution that can solve this problem. traffic ppaths. This model monitors the clearance time of
The system comprises of 5 stages which are android mobile each lane sequentially and is based on the real-
device, GSM module, MQTT (IoT) for Arduino IDE, time density of traffic. The approach is very hybrid a mix of
Arduino Uno microcontroller and traffic signals. The sensors networks and camera technology. A united result
developed system has allowed the android mobile device of image processing and IOT ensures more accuracy and
(emergency vehicle) to override the traditional operation of efficiency instead of native approach. Besides traffic
a stoplight. In this paper they developed an android and jam minimization, prioritization for emergency vehicle is
cloud based control system using the GSM module. The additionally achieved through RFID. Other technology like
debates on mobility almost stolen vehicle tracking/detection is additionally deployed.
exclusively encompass functionalist analyses of how Simple GUI to be used adds a bonus to the system making
particular mobile technologies can alleviate geographical it easy for room to handle. The model can be used for
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Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
analysis purpose and hence predict traffic jams and traffic current work focuses on a true life case study
status at different times. Hence this model is cost-effective of light management system, plays a crucial role in our
and time efficient smart control system. This model daily lives. In most places, especially in developing
provides solution to the growing tie up problem and countries the light system is time bounded, which
may effectively replace the present traditional sometimes doesn't allow an ambulance carrying a patient
methodologies or control system. Since the green path to have light red light. Hence there should be a
time could be a function of the traffic density it may wise light signal system which may overcome with such
be varied with the varying traffic densities and conditions. problems, allow the ambulance to have stoplight whether
Clearance time calculation is adaptive and it's red or green. This may be done employing a wireless
intelligent, additionally to the current prioritization for sensor network and voice recognition technology.
emergency vehicles and detection or tracking of the stolen Implementation of this concept in traffic management by
vehicles makes it smarter. The hybrid approach employed managing the traffic density on roads allows smooth and
in this model creates a grip over other methods. The info is uniform drift of traffic. Making traffic signals autonomic,
collected at both local and central level hence makes it allows recognizing the wonted traffic density and voice of a
better for situation when one in all them fails. The specific vehicle and accordingly routes the traffic. Each
cumulative density calculated gives precise clearance time approach has some advantage and disadvantage as during
since both the individual methods have some drawbacks in this approach it should be possible that voice recognition
certain conditions that the hybrid model tries to scale system may fail to acknowledge the ambulance siren thus
back errors in one method and hence provide more accurate identifying it as a standard vehicle or may sometimes
results. All the info collected and standing of the traffic is recognize a normal vehicle as an ambulance, now days
reported to the room and will be accessed by simple GUI. various forms of sounds are getting used as a horn sound on
These may be further extended to indicate traffic status to roads. Other factor which is defined as limitation, that if
the users. The info collected of traffic density at different vehicles enfold only in sensor activated area vacating other
times of day is used for analysis purpose and prediction of expanse, then the signal might take it as inflated density of
the traffic at different times of daily. The analyzed data traffic and can decline the stand by time while there's less
then may be accustomed predict traffic jams at different density. All of them knew that rules are for humans, but
locations of town. Hence the model could be a complete humans aren't for rules. Lifetime of an individual's being is
package for smart control system which may far more important than following a rule which can result
be extended for creating complete transportation intelligent. in worst situations. Thus, passing ambulance so, that it can
reach the hospital as soon as possible and save lifetime
Bhat et al [6] have done the analysis that the worst of mortals. The long run scope includes the simulation of
enemy of individuals living an urban lifestyle is commute. the approach using NS2, OMNeT++ or the other simulation
The exponential increase within the number of vehicles software’s and analyzing it for traffic management.
and transport options has led to an inevitable increase in
congestion of pathways, which has necessitated the Janani et al [8] has done analysis study on road traffic
requirement for an efficient hold up control method. The jam becomes a serious issues for highly crowded
system is aimed toward achieving control in developing metropolitan cities like, Chennai. Ambulance is one of the
countries like India, where additional parameters must be most critical
considered like road quality. It operates on the principle that
at any instant of your time, no vehicle must be allowed to services affected by traffic congestion. This paper has
attend for longer than the typical vehicle waiting time, at come up with the solution of intelligent automatic control o
that instant. It also prioritizes equipment such f ambulance to smooth out the ambulance movement.Their
as ambulances, and recognizes unusual incidents such as ro program produces a cloud-based android app that links both
ad accidents.The target of the system is to cut back the the ambulance and the traffic light station. Design system
typical waiting time that every vehicle should wait, makes uses oftenest Identification (RFID) technology to
before it's allowed to pass, while also ensuring implement the intelligent traffic
uniformity within the waiting times. The system is an light control. The fundamental concept behind
efficient and highly economic solution to traffic problems the proposed system is to track the RFID tagged ambulance
in metropolitan cities in India, where exponentially andsend the details to the cloud if the ambulance stops on t
increasing traffic may be a growing concern. The system is he way due to a traffic light. After the user’s
straight forward to implement, doesn’t involve a good deal acknowledgment via the mobile app, the actual signal is
of complex computation, takes under consideration of shaped green for many times and after the ambulance
parameters and almost accurately determines optimal passes by, it regains
average vehicle waiting time. its original signaling sequence flow If this scheme is compl
etely
Punit et al [7] has presented the autonomic computing automated, the ambulance spot is identified, the traffic light
allude as a self-managing feature that autonomic system, s are managed. Their system controls the traffic lights and
manages the body. A system is autonomic if it can monitor save the time in emergency periods. It thus serves as a
changes by itself analyze, plan actions as per it and execute project for life savers. Human life is precious and must
them automatically so as to become a reliable system. The follow safety measures very conscious all told aspects
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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
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Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
this after all includes ambulances services too. In this, by modification on real time basis.
using intelligent ambulance system they'll achieve the Therefore the time intervals of green, orange and red signal
uninterrupted service of the control system by s are set, so the waiting time is greater. To form this light
implementing the alternate methods for signal change to controlling more efficient they emerge new technique called
permit flow control. The accuracy of the RFID as intelligent control system. This uses sensors together
is quite camera’s so this also improves the performance with embedded technology. The timings of the red and
of stoplight violation detection system. Design system is green lights are smartly decided supported the traffic on
cost effective, multiple usages and deployed using trending roads. As compared to previous fixed mode light controller
IOT, which is more efficient. this new system is more efficient and flexible. It also has
facility to pass the emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire
Singh et al [9] have done analysis study on tie up and tidal brigade etc. so detecting and also recording stolen cars. The
on current traffic management ,which is facing two major look also has scope for further expansion. Green wave
problems in modern urban areas which cause road accident system was accustomed provide clearance to any
and loss of life. To overcome this, they introduced emergency vehicle by turning all the red lights to green
Automatic Ambulance Rescue System (AARS). The main on the trail of the emergency vehicle, the
idea behind this scheme is that largest disadvantage For the green waves, the disruption
by automatically monitoring traffic Lights on the route, will cause traffic problems when would be intensified by
ambulance can enter the hospital easily in time. the synchronization. In such cases, the queue of
The ambulance is operated by a control unit that provides vehicles during a green wave grows in size until it
the shortest route to the hospital and control traffic lights. becomes overlarge and a few of the vehicles cannot reach
The sensor senses the spot and also the nearest ambulance the green lights this is called over abundance in time, and
reaches the accident spot. The traffic lights within the path must avoid.
of the ambulance are controlled. III. CONCLUSION
The ambulance is driven along the shortest
route to hospital by server. The vehicle unit installed in The existing system doesn't provide a transparent path for
vehicle senses the accident and sends the placement of the emergency vehicles during traffic congestion. From the
accident to the server within the ambulance section. literature survey, we've found that RF ID-based smart
The server identifies the traffic control system provides an answer to the traffic
ambulance, closest to the spot of the accident and also the s congestion problem and this can be also an efficient
hortest path between the ambulance, the spot of the accident method to supply a transparent path for the emergency
and the nearest hospital. In this paper, they need described vehicles when identified within the lane, as we also
a design for automatically controlling the traffic implemented sharing of patient's vital data with hospital we
signals so the ambulance would be ready to cross all the updated Arduino uno with Arduino mega board so it'd be
traffic junctions and reach hospital without time delay. sufficient for storing of patient vital parameter and
Human life is affected to risk by the delay within the arrival simultaneously it performs capturing of present status of
of ambulance. The ambulance isn't ready to reach the traffic signal present in different path and we also added
hospital within the golden hour. The prevailing system has another system in the junction which repeatedly scans the
many disadvantages. It depends on the way of monitoring density of the lanes so that the system can automatically
people to be manual which ends in time delay and since of allow the lane which has high density by this
that health services can not be provided to the patient on technique the emergency vehicles experience less
time which results in loss of human life. The ambulance is congestion and reach faster to the destination and thus
guided to the hospital by the central unit through the many life's were been saved.
shortest route. The sensor installed within the vehicle
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Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
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