Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

6.002 – Circuits & Electronics

Spring 2022

Problem Set #1

Issued 2/2/22 – Due 2/9/22 11:59 PM

Problem Set Instructions

Complete each problem set, and then upload your solutions to the appropriate problem set number
on the Gradescope page for 6.002 at <https://www.gradescope.com/>. If you have difficulties with
Gradescope, please email the 6.002 instructors at <[email protected]>.
All problem sets will be graded based on your ability to understand the material that they cover
and your solutions, as well as your ability to communicate that understanding and your method
of solution. Thus, you must clearly show your thinking. To receive full credit, your solutions
must be complete, legible, and well-organized. Trivial algebraic mistakes that might lead to an
incorrect answer will not count against your grade for these problems. However, missing or incorrect
explanations, even in the presence of a correct final answer, will be marked down.
Most problem parts will be graded on a scale from 0 points to 3 points, with no fractional points
awarded, based on the general rubric enumerated below. Your total grade for a problem set will
then be the percentage of points awarded across the entire problem set.
0 No work, or no relevant work. Simply writing a few equations or copying facts from the
problem will not be awarded points.
1 Some work, some evidence of knowledge about the material addressed, problem part started and
understood, but no significant progress on solving the problem part. Pursuing a technically-
feasible but non-preferred non-ideal approach to a solution, and then making major mistakes,
will also be graded in this way. Similarly, if the solution might be correct, but it is impossible
to tell due to poorly presented thinking, the work will also be graded in this way.
2 Largely correct solution that could benefit from improvement due to important flaws. Examples
of this are: pursuing a feasible but non-preferred or non-ideal approach correctly, or with
only minor mistakes; pursuing a correct approach but making one or more major mistakes;
or pursuing a correct approach to reach the correct solution but explaining that solution in a
confusing manner, not showing a clear understanding of the reasoning behind the solution, or
submitting a solution that is difficult to grade.
3 Exceptional, clear, exemplary solution. Such a solution will: be developed through a preferred
approach, with all work clearly labeled and explained well; contain at worst trivial algebraic
mistakes, and no sign errors whose origins are conceptual; be very easy to grade. Note that an
 exemplary solution need not be long. It need only be based on an appropriate direct approach
that is clearly explained.
Finally, please adhere to the following directions.
• You are allowed, and even encouraged, to discuss general strategies for solving the problems
with your colleagues and the 6.002 staff. However, you are expected to submit your own
independent solutions to the problems.
• Try to do all of your work in the space provided below. In particular, try to do your work
for each problem part within the boundaries of that part, or on additional pages appended
to the end of your uploaded solutions. If you use additional pages, clearly mark those pages
to indicate the problem part to which they relate. Finally, clearly circle or otherwise indicate
your final answer to each problem part.
• These free-response homework problems must be completed and uploaded by the indicated
date/time to receive credit.
Problem 1.1: This problem concerns the network shown below. The devices in the network
are drawn as non-specific boxes, indicating that they might each be a source or a resistor.

O
I u
3

g g
(A) How many branches, how many nodes and how 2 many loops does this network contain? For the
purposes of this problem, a loop is any direction-independent closed path through the network
devices that passes through each device and each node no more than once.

4 nodes
4 loops
6 branches
 (B) Write a KCL equation for each node. Further, demonstrate that the set of KCL equations
are not independent. That is, demonstrate that at least one KCL equation can be determined
from the others.

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 (C) Write a KVL equation for each loop. Further, demonstrate that the set of KVL equations are
not independent. That is, demonstrate that at least one KVL equation can be determined
from the others.

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2 Ve Vs Vs O

Veers Vio
O
Vi
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4 Wytv Vs
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Via Vers
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Vs V4
3 KABA
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Vz Vs V4
Vs Va Va eq1
 (D) Let v1 = 2 V, v4 = 3 V and v5 = 4 V. Determine v2 , v3 and v6 .

2
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Vs 4

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Vg Vs Vs O 3 1

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2 0
I V3
V3

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V6
V6 is
(E) Let i2 = −2 mA, i3 = 4 mA and i6 = −5 mA. Determine i1 , i4 and i5 .

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is S
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 (F) Combining the results from Parts (D) and (E), determine which devices are sourcing power
and which devices are sinking power. Also, show for the special case of Parts (D) and (E) that
power sums to zero across the network devices.

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(G) Assume that the devices are either voltage sources, current sources, or linear resistors having
positive resistances. Again combining the results from Parts (D) and (E), identify the devices
that could be resistors, and determine their resistances.

Possible are

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R f I 000 A
(H) This part is not due, and will not be graded. Nonetheless, consider solving it anyway for
educational purposes.
With the restriction that they must satisfy KVL, assign otherwise arbitrary values to v1 through
v6 . You choose the values; not all zero, please. Similarly, with the restriction that they must
satisfy KCL, assign otherwise arbitrary values to i1 through i6 . Again you choose the values;
again not all zero, please. Finally, sum the powers into the six devices and note that the sum
is again zero. This remarkable result, which follows from Tellegen’s theorem, illustrates that
power is always conserved in an electrical network independent of the devices in the network.
Further, the same is true for any physical system that can be modeled with electrical networks.
(Note that your assignment of the voltages and currents was carried out independently, and
thus not predicated on the behavior of any of the network devices.)
For more on Tellegen’s Theorem, see Introductory Network Theory by Bose and Stevens, Harper
& Row, 1965, for example.
 Problem 1.2: Consider the network shown below. Imagine determining the voltage v and
the current i in your mind, using resistor combination and divider rules, without use of paper and
pencil. Explain the mental steps you would take as you determine the voltage and current.

circuit to
can simplify the current through
first we
to get the
current divider and the common
each branch
get a
it is evenly
voltage and

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split so we

current voltage in the

two branches
be written like
this
now our circuit
can
current
in series have common
now resistors
50 for i we can
2N and
use bet to see that
ikr
iight I in is splitevenly making

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 Problem 1.3: Using the node method, develop a set of simultaneous equations for the network
shown below that can be used to solve for the three unknown node voltages in the network. Express
these equations in the form    
e1 V1
G  e2  = S  V2 
   
e3 I
where G is a 3 × 3 matrix of conductance terms and S is a 3 × 3 matrix of sources coefficients. You
need not solve the set of equations for the node voltages. Hint: you may find it easier to solve this
problem using conductances, where Gi ≡ 1/Ri .

ViViG I eGateautteate G can e G e Gu Ite e G

O G 18,64 826 963 e e G Ve Gt e as O
KVG Ze 6264 6 0263
I e g eyes Gs 0
293 826 V61 Pal te G 826s O
a as test 63 hi Gs e as Vile
I es Gotee es Gs
83666 65 8245

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Problem 1.4: This problem is not due, and will not be graded. Nonetheless, please answer it
anyway so we can calibrate the difficulty of these problems. Approximately how long did it take for
you to complete this homework?