6.

002 Circuits and Electronics

Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

6.002 Circuits and Electronics

Problem Set #4 Free Response Problems

Due: March 2 at 11:59 pm (Cambridge time)

YOUR NAME__________________________________________________________
KERBEROS_____________ ______________________________________________

Problem Set Instructions

Complete each problem set, and then upload your solutions to the appropriate problem set number
on the Gradescope page for 6.002 at <https://www.gradescope.com/>. If you have difficulties with
Gradescope, please email the 6.002 instructors at <[email protected]>.
All problem sets will be graded based on your ability to understand the material that they cover
and your solutions, as well as your ability to communicate that understanding and your method of
solution. Thus, you must clearly show your thinking. To receive full credit, your solutions must be
complete, legible, and well-organized. Trivial algebraic mistakes that might lead to an incorrect
answer will not count against your grade for these problems. However, missing or incorrect
explanations, even in the presence of a correct final answer, will be marked down.
Most problem parts will be graded on a scale from 0 points to 3 points, with no fractional points
awarded, based on the general rubric enumerated below. Your total grade for a problem set will
then be the percentage of points awarded across the entire problem set.
0 No work, or no relevant work. Simply writing a few equations or copying facts from the
problem will not be awarded points.
1 Some work, some evidence of knowledge about the material addressed, problem part started and
understood, but no significant progress on solving the problem part. Pursuing a technically-
feasible but non-preferred non-ideal approach to a solution, and then making major mistakes, will
also be graded in this way. Similarly, if the solution might be correct, but it is impossibleto tell due
to poorly presented thinking, the work will also be graded in this way.
2 Largely correct solution that could benefit from improvement due to important flaws. Examples
of this are: pursuing a feasible but non-preferred or non-ideal approach correctly, or with only
minor mistakes; pursuing a correct approach but making one 2 or more major mistakes; or pursuing
a correct approach to reach the correct solution but explaining that solution in a confusing manner,
not showing a clear understanding of the reasoning behind the solution, orsubmitting a solution
that is difficult to grade.
3 Exceptional, clear, exemplary solution. Such a solution will: be developed through a preferred
approach, with all work clearly labeled and explained well; contain at worst trivial algebraic

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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
mistakes, and no sign errors whose origins are conceptual; be very easy to grade. Note that an
exemplary solution need not be long. It need only be based on an appropriate direct approach that
is clearly explained.
Finally, please adhere to the following directions.
You are allowed, and even encouraged, to discuss general strategies for solving the problems
with your colleagues and the 6.002 staff. However, you are expected to submit your own
independent solutions to the problems.

Try to do all of your work in the space provided below. In particular, try to do your work for
each problem part within the boundaries of that part, or on additional pages appended to the
end of your uploaded solutions. If you use additional pages, clearly mark those pages to
indicate the problem part to which they relate. Finally, clearly circle or otherwise indicate your
final answer to each problem part.

These free-response homework problems must be completed and uploaded by the indicated
date/time to receive credit.

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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
Problem 1

Consider the circuit below. Assume that the op-amp is ideal. Answer the following questions:

v Vi

Figure 1

(A) Derive an expression of Vo as a function of Vi, R1, R2 and R3.

O
YE
E E
vivo
VEI
Vo = ri
Vig
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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
(B) Find the input resistance (Thevenin resistance) at the indicated input port of the op amp
circuit. Express your answer in terms of R1, R2 and R3.

Hint and Technical Note:

Note that even though this op amp circuit has a path for positive feedback, you can assume that
the negative feedback in place is sufficient for the op amp to reach a stable state (in other words,
you can assume the op amp acts like an ideal op amp in negative feedback).
If you solve this problem correctly, you will find a negative input resistance (for positive values
of R1, R2 and R3.) In the late 1800s there was a vigorous technical debate on whether or not a
physical system could exhibit negative resistance properties. It was eventually concluded that such
properties could exist under the right circumstances (with the presence of a source of energy), with

-
phenomenon of arcs was briefly employed to create arc-

example:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_converter
Today, negative resistance phenomena are employed usefully in oscillator circuits and related
applications, and also appear in some places where they are undesirable and must be compensated
for.

Rin
YI
ii gg.tk

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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response

it
Rin =

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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
Problem 2

(A) Figure 2 shows a network of three capacitors with values C1, C2, and C3. What is the equivalent
capacitance? Write your solution in terms of C1, C2, and C3.

Figure 2

Cats
II
Ceq =

CE at
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 6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
(B) Figure 3 shows a pair of capacitors in series, and they are driven by a sinusoidal voltage source
whose waveform is given by for t>0. For t 0, the system is at rest (i.e., there is
no current or voltage on the capacitor). Find the voltage vC1(t) across the capacitor C1.

Ver th
V V sin wt Vik
Figure 3

E EE
v in Ct
CHIH
Et
ki k e
c

VC1 (t) =
c lo sin t Cz V C V KALI

4 Vnn
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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
(C) Figure 4 shows a pair of capacitors in the parallel configuration, and they are driven by a
sinusoidal current source whose waveform is given by for t>0. For t 0, the
system is at rest (i.e., there is no current or voltage on the capacitor). Find the current iC1(t) through
the capacitor C1.

i
calf

thy
Figure 4

i
iltfiitiz.ci
cady
th ath
tacos at i ti
Ctt Gt Cz

III
iC1(t) =

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6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
Problem3

This problem concerns the response of various systems to step inputs.

(A) The system of Fig. 5 is a circuit model for a system to measure an input voltage vi(t). Rb
models the resistance of the long connection from the input voltage location, while R L and CL
represent the input characteristics of the measurement system. If vi(t) = Vs u(t) (where u(t) is the
unit step function), please find an expression for the measured voltage vo(t). If Vs = 1 V, Rb = 100
, RL = 100 and CL = 10 nF, please find a numerical expression for the time domain response.
The circuit is at rest prior to the step input.
the
Voth VI VA LIE

8
ib

vi
Rb IF +
vo
u
RL CL
-

Mit
Figure 5

Vi

t c d O
It
É Est adj o

t Rb cu
dy O
v
vi
raft
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 6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response

Vit V t Risk RbcCdg

UH b

V ut V A re x Rb Li day

vo(t) =

vo(t) =
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(numerical)
6.002 Circuits and Electronics
Spring 2022 HW #4 Free Response
Problem 4
This problem is not due, and will not be graded. Nonetheless, please answer it anyway so we can
calibrate the difficulty of these problems. Approximately how long did it take for you to
complete this homework?

Time to complete free response =

vo(t) =
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(numerical)