(An NBA Accredited Institute) (An NBA Accredited Institute) (DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) (DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
MICROPROJECT SEMINAR ON CONTENTS
• Aim and objective • Applications
TITLE:- Collect information of Bharat Emission Norms, • Skills developed Compare BS-IV and BS-VI Norms and Prepare a Chart • Introduction • Outputs of micro project Showing technical Improvement made in BS-VI Vehicles. • Course Outcome • References • Program outcome (PO) achieved GUIDED BY:- PROF. NAGESH IJAMULWAR • Bharat Emission Norms NAME OF STUDENT:- KRUTIKA LAMBAT • Comparison of BS-IV and BS-VI ROLL NO:- 25 Norms SUBJECT:- PER • Working / Procedure B/S/M:- ME-5-I • Resources Used • Technical Improvements in BS-VI Vehicles Prepared By:- Krutika Lambat 1 2
AIM AND OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION
Aim: To explore the Bharat Emission Norms, a set of standards aimed at • Bharat Emission Standards are regulations implemented by the Indian government reducing vehicular emissions in India, and understand the transition from to control pollutants emitted by vehicles. Modeled after European standards, these BS-IV to BS-VI norms. norms have evolved over time to reduce vehicular emissions and curb air pollution. The standards are categorized by stages, known as BS (Bharat Stage) norms, with Objectives: BS-I as the earliest. • Research the evolution and purpose of Bharat Emission Standards. • BS-IV was implemented nationwide in 2017, marking a significant step in • Compare the technical and regulatory differences between BS-IV and emissions reduction. However, with rising air pollution, BS-VI norms were BS-VI norms. introduced in 2020, skipping BS-V to align with global standards. BS-VI norms • Create a chart showing the specific technical improvements introduced in are stricter, requiring vehicles to meet advanced emission control standards for BS-VI vehicles, such as advanced emission control technologies. particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons, bringing India • Raise awareness of the environmental impact and importance of stricter closer to European emission levels. emission norms in reducing air pollution and promoting sustainable mobility.
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COURSE OUTCOME PROGRAM OUTCOME JUSTIFICATIONS
• CO1: Analyze the principles of thermal power plant operation and
maintenance. Program Outcomes Achieved: Through this project, students achieve several key program outcomes: • CO2: Apply maintenance schedules and programs to ensure optimal • Technical Knowledge: Students acquire a strong foundation in engineering plant performance. principles relevant to power generation and maintenance management. • Environmental Awareness: Gain an understanding of emissions regulations • CO3: Troubleshoot and repair common faults in plant equipment and and their impact on air quality and public health. systems. • Research Skills: Improve research and information-gathering skills by analyzing and comparing standards. • Application of Theory to Practice: Understand how regulatory requirements • CO4: Implement predictive maintenance techniques to reduce influence vehicle design and technology. downtime and increase efficiency. • Critical Analysis: Develop the ability to compare and analyze different norms critically and appreciate the importance of innovation in the automotive • CO5: Conduct safety inspections and risk assessments to ensure a safe industry. working environment.
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Bharat Emission Norms Comparison of BS-IV and BS-VI Norms
• BS-IV Norms: • Bharat Emission Norms are a set of regulations governing the permissible • Allowed sulfur content in diesel and petrol: 50 ppm (parts per million). limits for air pollutants released by vehicles. These norms aim to reduce • NOx emissions limit for diesel engines: 250 mg/km.PM limits for diesel emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter engines were higher compared to BS-VI. (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC). • Limited control over real-time emissions and onboard diagnostics.
• The evolution of Bharat norms has led to increasingly stringent standards: • BS-VI Norms: • Reduced sulfur content to 10 ppm in fuels, essential for advanced emission • BS-I to BS-III: Initial phases focused on reducing basic pollutants. controls. • NOx emissions for diesel engines reduced by approximately 68% (from 250 • BS-IV: Introduced nationwide in 2017 with limitations on sulfur mg/km to 80 mg/km). content in fuel and reduction of NOx and PM. • Introduction of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic • BS-VI: Implemented in 2020, introducing substantial reductions in Reduction (SCR) for better emission control. pollutants, aligning India’s emission standards with Euro 6 standards, • Onboard Diagnostics (OBD): BS-VI vehicles include real-time emissions skipping BS-V altogether for a faster transition. monitoring through OBD, allowing better control over pollutants.
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WORKING /PROCEDURE TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN BS-VI VEHICLES
Feature BS-IV BS-VI
Procedure: • Research Bharat Emission Norms and understand the differences Sulfur Content 50 ppm 10 ppm between BS-IV and BS-VI standards. NOx Limit 80 250 mg/km (Diesel) mg/km • Analyze technical documents, reports, and studies to gather data on specific improvements in BS-VI. Particulate Higher PM DPF reduces PM significantly Matter limits
• Create a comparative chart highlighting key differences between BS-IV Emission Basic catalytic Advanced DPF and SCR systems and BS-VI norms. Control converters
Onboard • Understand emission control technologies like DPF and SCR to explain Basic OBD Real-time monitoring with OBD-II Diagnostics how BS-VI standards achieve lower emissions. Fuel Efficiency Standard Improved due to efficient combustion
• Summarize findings and prepare a comprehensive presentation to Higher CO
CO Emissions Significant reduction in CO emissions demonstrate the environmental impact of these advancements. levels
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RESOURCES USED APPLICATIONS
SR.NO. NAME OF SPECIFICAT QUANTITY REMARKS Applications of Emission Standards:
RESOURCE IONS S USED • Public Health Improvement: Reduced emissions directly contribute to 1 Government MoRTH Official 1 copy ~ cleaner air and lower respiratory illnesses. Report on Bharat Document on BS Emission Norms Norms • Environmental Protection: Lower levels of NOx, PM, and sulfur 2 Research Journal of 1 article ~ contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Journal Article Environmental • Automobile Engineering: Innovations in engine technology, exhaust Pollution systems, and fuel composition lead to more efficient and environmentally 3 Technical Guide Diesel Engine 1 guide ~ on Emission Emission Control friendly vehicles. Control Systems Technologies • Regulatory Compliance: Helps the automotive industry align with Automobile SIAM Handbook global emission standards, facilitating exports and promoting sustainable 4 1 handbook ~ Standards on Vehicle mobility. Handbook Emission Standards
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SKILLS DEVELOP OUTPUT OF MICROPROJECT
Skills Acquired:- Project Outcomes: • Research Skills: Ability to collect and analyze regulatory information from technical resources. • In-depth understanding of the differences between BS-IV and BS-VI • Analytical Skills: Comparing and critically evaluating technical improvements norms. between two standards. • Familiarity with emission control technologies such as DPF, SCR, and OBD-II. • Technical Knowledge: Gained an understanding of emission control technologies • Creation of a comparative chart showcasing technical improvements in and their importance. BS-VI. • Environmental Awareness: Awareness of how emissions regulations benefit society • Enhanced research and presentation skills through the preparation and and the planet. delivery of findings. • Raised awareness of environmental and regulatory issues in the • Presentation Skills: Presenting complex information clearly, demonstrating automotive industry. understanding of environmental regulations in automotive engineering.
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REFERENCE
• Government Websites: Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
(MoRTH) for official Bharat Norms data.
• Technical Journals: Papers on emission standards and automotive
engineering advancements.
• Books: “Automobile Engineering” by Kirpal Singh for foundational
knowledge on emission control.
• Industry Reports: Reports by Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers (SIAM) on BS-VI compliance.
• Environmental Studies: Studies on air pollution and health impacts due
