Performance Characteristics of CT

AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER

Exp- 01
Date- 25-07-2024
Name: Akshay Singhvi
Reg No. : 21BEE0370
Aim:
To draw the magnetization characteristics of current transformer
Apparatus required:
S.No Description Range Type Quantity

1. Voltmeter (0 – 300)V, (0- 30)V MI 2
2. Ammeter (0 – 1)A,(0 – 10)A MI 2
3. Current transformer 10:1 Ratio - 1
4. 1  auto transformer (0 – 270) V AC 1
5. Loading rheostat (0 – 10) A - 1
6. Connecting wires - - As Req.
Theory:
Protective relays in A.C power systems are connected in the secondary circuits
of current transformer and potential transformers. The design and use of these
transformers is quite different from that of well-known power transformer. In current
transformer, primary current is not controlled by condition of the secondary circuit.
Hence primary current is a dominant factor in the operation of current transformers.
Current transformers must be further classified into two groups.
Protective current transformers used in association with relays, trip coils, pilot wires etc.
Measuring current transformer used in conjunction with ammeter, wattmeter etc.
As a rule, the ratio error is very important in protective current transformers, and phase
angle may be less important. Voltage transformer is used for transforming voltage from
one value to another (generally lower) value. Both current transformer and voltage
transformer come under the little "Instrument Transformer”
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
Instrument transformer:
The transformer which are used in conjunction with measuring instruments,
Protective relays and control circuits. Instrument transformers include measuring and
protective current transformer and voltage transformer.
Current transformer:
Instrument transformer used in conjunction with ammeters, overcurrent relays
etc. Current transformer step down current from high value to a low value. Their current
ratio is substantially constant for given range of primary current and phase angle error is
within specified limits. The VA rating of current transformer is small as compared with
that of a Power Transformer.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Voltage saturation:
For (Ip vs Vs)
Loading Rheostat
(0- 10)A
A
CT
(O-10) A
P1 S1
V
230 V
Single AC V (O-30)V
(0 – 300) V MI P2 S2 MI
1 Variac
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
Load Characteristics:For
IP vs IS
Loading Rheostat
(0- 10)A
A
CT
(O-10) A
P1 S1
V
230 V (0 – 300) V MI
Single AC
A (O- 1)A
P2 S2 MI
1 Variac
Observation table:
Magnetization Characteristic Load Characteristic

IP(A) VS(V) IP(A) Is(A)
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
Precautions:
1) When drawing the magnetization characteristics of a current

transformer (CT), certain precautions must be taken to ensure
safety and accuracy:
2) Proper Insulation: Ensure that all wiring and connections are

properly insulated to prevent electrical shocks and accidental
short circuits.
3) Controlled Voltage Application: Apply voltage to the CT

gradually to avoid core saturation too quickly, which could lead
to inaccurate readings or damage to the CT.
4) Monitor Temperature: Excessive heat can cause damage to the

CT core or insulation. Ensure that the CT operates within its
temperature limits throughout the experiment.
5) Correct Measurement Instruments: Use precise instruments to

measure the magnetizing current and voltage to ensure
accurate data collection.
6) Avoid Overloading: Do not exceed the CT’s rated current, as

this may lead to core saturation or permanent damage to the
transformer.
7) Grounding: Ensure the CT is properly grounded to avoid

potential voltage buildup, which can pose a safety hazard.
8) Safety Gear: Always wear appropriate personal protective

equipment (PPE), such as insulated gloves and safety goggles,
when handling live electrical systems.
9) Check Calibration: Verify that all measuring devices and the CT

are properly calibrated before beginning the test to ensure
accuracy
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
MODEL GRAPH
Magnetization characteristic
SATURATION
KNEE REGION
E xci ta t io n v o l ta g e
KNEE POINT
REGION
LINEAR
ANKLE POINT
Magnetizing current
Load charateristic
20
18
16
14
12
Is (Amps)
10
4
2
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
IP ( Amp
Conclusion: In conclusion, the magnetization characteristics of a current

transformer (CT) provide essential insights into its operational behavior,
particularly regarding core saturation and accuracy. The curve reveals a clear
distinction between the linear region, where the CT performs reliably and
proportionally, and the non-linear region, where core saturation limits its ability to
maintain accuracy. Understanding this relationship helps optimize the design and
application of CTs, ensuring they function efficiently within specified current ranges
while minimizing losses. Proper analysis of these characteristics is critical for
maintaining accurate current measurement and efficient.
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
Lab Records:
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
AKSHAY SINGHVI
21BEE0370
THANK YOU

Performance Characteristics of CT

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AKSHAY SINGHVI

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER

S.No Description Range Type Quantity

For (Ip vs Vs)

Magnetization Characteristic Load Characteristic

1) When drawing the magnetization characteristics of a current

2) Proper Insulation: Ensure that all wiring and connections are

3) Controlled Voltage Application: Apply voltage to the CT

4) Monitor Temperature: Excessive heat can cause damage to the

5) Correct Measurement Instruments: Use precise instruments to

6) Avoid Overloading: Do not exceed the CT’s rated current, as

7) Grounding: Ensure the CT is properly grounded to avoid

8) Safety Gear: Always wear appropriate personal protective

9) Check Calibration: Verify that all measuring devices and the CT

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Conclusion: In conclusion, the magnetization characteristics of a current

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