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Problems - Based - Unit 5

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149 views1 page

Problems - Based - Unit 5

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miyis16543
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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad


Energy Conversion and Equipment (MED401)
Problems Based on Gas Turbines (Unit 5)

1. A gas turbine power plant consists of a two-stage compressor with intercooling and a single stage turbine with
a regenerator. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 20°C. The maximum temperature of the cycle is limited to
900 °C and the maximum pressure ratio is 6. The effectiveness of the regenerator (heat exchanger) is 0.7. The
rate of air flow through the plant is 210 kg/s and the calorific value of fuel used is 40.8 MJ/kg. The isentropic
efficiency of both the compressor is 0.82, the isentropic efficiency of the turbine 0.92, the combustion efficiency
is 0.95, the mechanical efficiency is 0.96 and the generator efficiency is 0.95. Take for air Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K
and γ = 1.4 and for gases Cp = 1.08 kJ/kg K and γ = 1.33. Assuming perfect intercooling and neglecting pressure
and heat losses, estimate (a) the air-fuel ratio (b) the cycle efficiency (c) the power supplied by the plant and
(d) the specific fuel consumption of the plant and the fuel consumption per hour.
Ans: 75.56; 41.7%; 40.972 MW; 10005.29 kg; 0.244 kg/kWh.
2. In a gas turbine plant the ratio of Tmax/Tmin is fixed. Two arrangements of components are to be investigated: (a)
single-stage compression followed by expansion in two turbines of equal pressure ratios with reheat to the
maximum cycle temperature, and (b) compression in two compressors of equal pressure ratios, with
intercooling to the minimum cycle temperature, followed by single-stage expansion. If η c and ηt are the
compressor and turbine efficiencies, show that the optimum specific output is obtained at the same overall
pressure ratio for each arrangement.
If ηc is 0.85 and ηt is 0.9 and Tmax/Tmin is 3.5, determine the above pressure ratio for optimum specific output
and show that with arrangement (a) the optimum output exceeds that of arrangement (b) by about 11%.
3. Make a comparative study of the Otto and Brayton cycle if both are superimposed on P-V and T-S diagram for
the same compression ratio and work capacity (Work output). Also discuss why in turbine plants the Brayton
cycle is more suitable than the Otto cycle.
4. Derive an expression for the ideal regenerative cycle when the compressed air is heated to the turbine exhaust

temperature in the regenerator. 𝜂 = 1 − r


5. For a simple Brayton cycle derive the condition for the optimum pressure ratio for which work capacity or
work output would be maximum. Prove that the optimum pressure ratio is the square root value of maximum
pressure ratio value. Also derive the expression for maximum work capacity and efficiency in terms of maximum
and minimum temperature of the system.
6. The air in a gas turbine plant is taken in L.P. compressor at 293 K and 1.05 bar and after compression it is
passed through intercooler where its temperature is reduced to 300 K. The cooled air is further compressed in
H.P. unit and then passed in the combustion chamber where its temperature is increased to 750°C by burning
the fuel. The combustion products expand in H.P. turbine which runs the compressors and further expansion is
continued in L.P. turbine which runs the alternator. The gases coming out from L.P. turbine are used for heating
the incoming air from H.P. compressor and then expanded to atmosphere. Pressure ratio of each compressor =
2, isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage = 82%, isentropic efficiency of each turbine stage = 82%,
effectiveness of heat exchanger = 0.72, air flow = 16 kg/s, calorific value of fuel = 42000 kJ/kg, C v (for gas) =
1.0 kJ/kg K, Cp (gas) = 1.15 kJ/kg K, γ (for air) = 1.4, γ (for gas) = 1.33. Neglecting the mechanical, pressure
and heat losses of the system and fuel mass also determine the following: (i) The power output. (ii) Thermal
efficiency. (iii) Specific fuel consumption. Ans: 2041.6 kW; 30.9%; 0.277 kg/kWh.
7. In a gas turbine the compressor takes in air at a temperature of 15°C and compresses it to four times the initial
pressure with an isentropic efficiency of 82%. The air is then passed through a heat exchanger heated by the
turbine exhaust before reaching the combustion chamber. In the heat exchanger 78% of the available heat is
given to the air. The maximum temperature after constant pressure combustion is 600°C, and the efficiency of
the turbine is 70%. Neglecting all losses except those mentioned, and assuming the working fluid throughout
the cycle to have the characteristic of air find the efficiency of the cycle.
Assume R = 0.287 kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4 for air and constant specific heats throughout. Ans: 11.7%.

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