2. What is the amount of moisture removed from a material with 14.

5%
moisture and 76 kg dry matter weight? What is the percentage moisture content of
the paddy when expressed in dry basis?

3. 50 g of fruits were dried with initial MC of 35%. What was the final moisture
content in wet basis if the final weight was 35 g?

4. If 9 tons of a product is to be dried from 24% to 14%, what would be the

final weight of the product? What is the moisture loss of the product?

1. A product has 25% moisture content, expressed in dry basis. What is the
percentage moisture content of the product in wet basis?
5. 30 g rice sample was dried with initial MC of 25%. What was the final 7. What is the required dimension of a rectangular bin flat bed dryer whose
weight if the final moisture content in basis was 13%? capacity is 1-ton of paddy if the dryer is required to have a grain thickness of 0.45
m. Assume a grain density of 576 kg/m3. The width to length ratio of the dryer bin is
2W =L

6. 500 kg of paddy at 22% MCwb is dried to 14% MCwb for milling. Calculate
the amount of moisture to be removed in drying.

8. A two-ton mechanical dryer dries paddy from 24% to 14% in 8 hours. What
is the percentage moisture reduction per hour? What is the drying capacity of the
dryer?
9. Compute the drying efficiency of a one-ton capacity flat bed dryer used to 10. What is the rate of rice husk consumption of a 2-ton grain dryer requires to
dry paddy from 21% to 14% in 8 hrs. The fuel consumption rate of the dryer is 7 lph. dry paddy from 22% to 14% in 8 hrs. The dryer overall thermal efficiency is 45%.
Assume a heat of vaporization of 600 kCal/kg and heating value of fuel of 9,000 Assume a heat of vaporization for paddy of 600 kCal/kg of moisture evaporated and
kCal/kg. The specific gravity of fuel is 0.7 heating value for rice husk of 3,000 kcal/kg.

11. Determine the new power required if the diameter of the fan is increased
from 1.5 m to 2m and the speed of the fan is reduced from 1740 rpm to 500 rpm.
12. The blade of a fan has a radius of 6ft, a head of 5ft and a volumetric flow 15. If a pile of rice is 8-m long, 6-m wide and 3.6-m high, how many bags of rice
rate of 12 cu.m/sec. Determine the change in head if the diameter of the fan is are safe to be piled? Stacking density of rice is 15 bags/m3 .
doubled and the volumetric flow rate is tripled.

16. If 5000 bags of palay is to be piled 20-bags high, how many square meters
of floor space is needed? Stacking density of palay is 10 bags /m3 . A bag of palay
13. Determine the original volumetric flow rate if the speed the of the fan is has a depth of 0.23m.
decreased from 2500 rpm to 1375 rpm and the head is increased from 5 ft to 12 ft.
The new flow rate is 20 lps

18. Two piles of shelled corn in bags will be stored in a warehouse having a
dimension of 15-m wide by 30-m long and 6-m high. How many bags of the product
14. A rectangular storage bin with floor dimensions of 4 meters by 3 meters is would be contained per pile inside the warehouse?
to filled with 30 metric tons of corn grains. Assume ρb = 720 kg/m3, what should be
the minimum height of the bin?
 17. Engr. ABE is developing a corn mill
targeting 100% efficiency with 0% loss of product.
After testing the machine he determine the
percentage recovery of the products given in the
table. Compute for the by-product recovery for a
1500 kg input of corn.

19. How many kilograms of a solution containing 15% NaCl can be obtained by
diluting 15 kg of a 25% NaCl solution with water?

*How much weight reduction would result when a material is dried from 75% to 30%
moisture?
20. Calculate the amount of pork and back fat need to make 100 kg of a 22. Determine the amount of lean beef, pork fat and water that must be used
mixture containing 25% fat by mixing pork (15% protein, 20 % fat and 63% water) to make 100 kg of a frankfurter formulation. The compositions of the raw materials
and backfat (15% water, 80% fat and 30% protein). and the formulations are:

a. Lean beef : 14% fat, 67% water, 19% protein

b. Pork Fat : 89% fat, 8% water, 3% protein
c. Frankfurter : 20% fat, 65% water, 15% protein

21. Determine the amounts of a juice concentrate containing 65% solids and
single strength juice containing 20% solids that must be mixed to produce 100 kg of
a concentrate containing 45% solids.
23. In a dehydration process, the product which is at 75% moisture initially has 25. The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m x 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm
lost half its weight during the process. What is the final moisture content? are maintained at temperatures of 20°C and 5°C, respectively. Determine the rate
of heat transfer through the wall, in W. Thermal conductivity is 0.69 W/m· °C.

24. How much water is required to raise the moisture content of a 100 kg of
material from 40 to 80 %.

26. The roof of an electrically heated home is 6 m long, 8 m wide, and 0.25 m
thick, and is made of a flat layer of concrete whose k = 0.8 W/m-°C. The
temperatures of the inner and the outer surfaces of the roof one night are measured
to be 15°C and 4°C, respectively, for a period of 10 hours. Determine the rate of
heat loss through the roof that night.

27. The temperature inside a rice hull furnace is maintained at 1500 °F by

means of suitable control apparatus.The wall of the furnace is 9-in thick and is
 constructed from a material having a 0.18 Btu/ hr-ft-°F thermal conductivity.
Calculate the heat loss for each square foot of wall surface per hour. Assume that
the inside and outside wall temperatures are 1500 °F and 400 °F, respectively.

29. A 2-m-long, 0.3-cm-diameter electrical wire extends across a room

at 15°C. Ninety Watts heat is generated in the wire as a result of
resistance heating and the surface temperature of the wire is
measured to be 152°C in steady operation.
- Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation, determine the
convection heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer between
the outer surface of the wire and the air in the room.

28. The wall of a kiln (from inner to outer) is made up of 9-in fire
bricks( k=0.72 Btu/ hr-ft-°F), 5-in insulating bricks (k=0.08 Btu/ hr-ft-°F)
and 7.5-in red bricks (k= 0.5 Btu/ hr-ft-°F) The inner and outer surface
temperature are 1500 °F and 150 °F, respectively. Neglecting the
residences of the mortar, compute the total heat transfer. Compute the
temperature for the fire bricks only. Compute the temperature for the
insulating bricks

30. Two infinite black plates at 800 and 300°C exchange heat by radiation. The
heat transfer rate per unit area is_____.

NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING

31. The wall of a cold storage plant is composed of an insulating material
10.50 cm thick with a thermal conductivity of 3.7382 kJ/hr–m-°C. The 32. The temperatures on the faces of a plane wall 15 cm thick are
film coefficients are 81.76 and 40.88 kJ/hr m2 -°C on the outside and 370°C and 93°C. The wall is constructed of a special glass with the
inside surface, respectively. Cold storage temperature is 6.67 °C and following properties: k = 0.78 W/m-°C, ρ= 2,700 kg/m3 , cp = 0.84
the ambient temperature is 32.22 °C. Determine the wall gain load kJ/kg-°C. What is the heat flow through the wall at steady-state
through the wall through an area of 100 m2 in kW and in tons of conditions?
refrigeration. (1 ton of refrigerant = 211 kJ/min)

33. The temperatures on the faces of a plane wall 15 cm thick are

370°C and 93°C. The wall is constructed of a special glass with the
following properties: k = 0.78 W/m-°C, ρ= 2,700 kg/m3 , cp = 0.84
kJ/kg-°C. What is the heat flow through the wall at steady-state
conditions?
34. One ton of poultry meat is put in a chiller at 8°C and frozen to -
18°C in 10 hours. Compute the product load if the latent heat is
235 kJ/ kg and the freezing temperature is -4°C. The specific heat
of poultry meat is 3.5 kJ/ kg-°C above freezing and 1.5 kJ/ kg-°C
below freezing.

35. A supply of 50 kg chicken at 6°C contained in a box is to be frozen

to -18°C in a freezer. Determine the amount of heat that needs to
be removed. The container box is 1.5 kg, and the specific heat of
the box material is 1.4 kJ/ kg - °C . For chicken, freezing
temperature is -2.8 °C , latent heat of fusion is 247 kJ/kg, the
 specific heat is 3.32 kJ/kg- °C above freezing and 1.77 kJ/kg- °C
below freezing

38. A cold storage room whose internal dimensions are 3 m x 6 m x 10

m is maintained at 1°C and 95% RH. Under worst conditions, the
amount of air infiltration is estimated to be 0.2 air changes per
hour at the ambient conditions of 30°C and 90% RH. Using the

room under these conditions. ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2466 𝑘𝐽/kg

psychrometric chart, determine the total infiltration load of this

𝜔𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 0.024 kg/kg dry air and ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 93 kJ/ kg dry air
@T = 30 °C and RH = 90%

𝜔𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 0.0038 kg/kg dry air, ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 11 kJ/ kg dry air, and
@T = 1 °C and RH = 95%

𝑣𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 0.780 𝑚3 / kg dry air

36. At an average temperature of 100°C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m

long tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of
the tube is 20°C along its length. Convective heat transfer
coefficient is 20.1 W/m2 -K. Determine the heat transfer from air to
the tube

37. How much heat, kJ, must be transferred to 20 kg of air to increase the 40. A large truck is to
temperature from 20°C to 280°C if the pressure is maintained constant. kJ/kg of latent heat.
transport 40,000 kg of
apples precooled to 3°C
under average ambient conditions of 25°C and 90 percent relative
humidity. The structure of the walls of the truck is such that the rate of
heat transmission is UA = 70 W per °C temperature difference between
the ambient and the apples. From past experience, ambient air is
estimated to enter the cargo space of the truck through the cracks at a
rate of 6 L/s, and the average heat of respiration of the apples at 3°C is
0.015 W/kg for this particular load. Determine the refrigeration load of
this truck and the amount of ice needed to meet the entire
refrigeration need of the truck for a 20-h-long trip.
The humidity ratio of air is 0.0180 kg water vapor/kg dry air at
25°C and 90 percent relative humidity, and 0.0047 at 3°C and 100
percent relative humidity. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 3
°C is 2494 kJ/kg. The density of air at the ambient temperature of 25
°C and 1 atm is 1.184 kg/m3 , and its specific heat is cp= 1.007
kJ/kg·°C. The latent heat of ice is 333.7 kJ/kg. Ambient air enters with a
humidity ratio of 0.0180 kg H2O/kg air and leaves at of 0.0047 kg
H2O/kg air. The difference condenses in the truck and is drained out as
a liquid releasing hfg = 2494 kj/kg of latent heat.