A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES BETWEEN THE

SHOPPING APPLICATIONS: TIKTOK AND SHOPEE

Rence Anne Pineda, Jovelyn Salvador, Ronnielyn Galabyo, Mikhaela Nicole

Mediana, Mel Carlos Melgarejo, Miles Beatrice Nito, and Ms. Marianne A. Iban

College of Business and Accountancy, Our Lady of Fatima University,

Valenzuela, Philippines

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10632976
ABSTRACT

This comparative analysis of consumer preference between Shopee and TikTok,

aiming to explain the factors influencing user choices and preferences.This paper used
quantitative research to investigate the reaction of some people in Valenzuela and
Caloocan; their awareness and judgment in understanding how their exposure in online
shopping affect their buying preference. This study show the profile mean and standard
deviation of the participants perceived usefulness of Shopee app (x =3.55; SD =0.43)
indicating users find it generally more valuable and seamless .The mean and standard
deviation of perceived ease of use Tiktok shops (x = 3.57 ; SD =0.45) users perceive it
as more user-friendly and convenient. The mean and standard deviation of attitude
toward use Tiktok shops (x =3.57; SD =0.43) possibly stems from its entertaining short
videos and influencer promotions. Society nowadays has a lot of online shopping trends
when it comes to their advertisement that it can be a channel for reaching both current
and new customers when it comes to shopping. The study analysis revealed that there
are no significant difference between the Tiktok shop and Shopee App in terms of
Consumer Preference (r(99) = 0.215,p=.83021). In conclusion, while Shopee stands out
for its usefulness, Tiktok has an advantage in terms of ease of use and positive attitude
towards it. Its worth nothing that both platforms have unique strengths and cater to
different user preferences, which means that users could benefit from exploring both of
them.
Keywords: E-commerce platform, Consumer Preference, Tiktok, Shopee, Marketing
Strategies, Shopping Application

INTRODUCTION

One of the most unique styles of TikTok is that it is composed of short-form video
to connect with online audiences which is a new way to promote the brand and product
of a certain company. According to statistics, over 37 percent of users discover that there
is something more in the TikTok app reported by Digital Marketing Institute, 2023. Due to
easy accessibility and reliable services, people are more engaged to pursue more
towards this online shopping platform. millions of people worldwide sit in the comfort of
their house and order online without hassle on Shopee. According to Locad, as of 2022
approximately 2 billion orders have been processed on Shoppe. But consumer’s not just
concerned about the accessibility of the app but also they prefer the Shopee Guarantee
features, this type of service guarantees payment to the seller only after the customer has
received the order product.

The research study is about "A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Preference

between the shopping application: Shopee shop or TikTok app." This research is a
comparative analysis of consumer preference between Shopee and TikTok, aiming to
explain the factors influencing user choices and market trends. The Philippines has
witnessed the explosive rise of two dominant platforms: Shopee and TikTok. While both
cater to consumer needs, their approaches to e-commerce diverge significantly, raising
curiosity about consumer preferences in this dynamic landscape. The Philippines boasts
one of the fastest-growing internet economies in Southeast Asia with e-commerce.
transactions are expected to reach $58 billion by 2025.

Kotler & Armstrong (2012), explain how e-commerce is a dynamic collection of

technology, applications, and business processes that connects companies, customers,
and the general public via electronic exchanges of goods, services, and information. E-
commerce, sometimes referred to as electronic commerce or trade via the Internet, is the
term used to describe the exchange of funds and data for the purchase and sale of goods
and services over the Internet. Shopee, a dedicated e-commerce platform, thrives on a
traditional model of product listings, promotions, and seller reviews. In contrast, on the
other hand, TikTok, which is essentially a social media platform, has blurred the
boundaries between entertainment and consumption by incorporating e-commerce
features like influencer marketing and live streaming. Filipino customers who regularly
shop online on Shopee and TikTok will be the subject of this study. The objective of this
study is to contribute to the ongoing conversation about the changing face of online
shopping in the Philippines and provide valuable insights for both established players like
Shopee and emerging challenges like TikTok as they navigate this dynamic and
competitive landscape.

Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research Vol 2 No 2 February 2024 www.icceph.com
 Relevant review of related literature supports the researcher’s study into the
consumer preferences between the two shopping applications. The continuous
expansion of social media platforms in the market is impacting the way various goods
and services are consumed. It has been suggested that the rise of short user-generated
films such as Shopee Finds on TikTok will influence young people's impulsivity. 200
members of Generation Z participated in an online descriptive survey for this study. To
examine the data, both inferential and descriptive statistics were applied. The findings
demonstrated that Shopee Finds on TikTok had a moderate impact on respondents'
recommended impulse buying behavior as well as their pure impulse buying behavior.
According to preliminary findings, there are more business and entrepreneurial
opportunities to leverage social media channels for marketing purposes and make Gen Z
consumers more aware of their tendency to make impulse purchases, According to A
Barcelona et. al., (2022).

As the COVID-19 epidemic spread over the world, restricting in-person

encounters, everyone, even Filipinos, turned to online shopping for essentials. But when
the restrictions and lockdowns were lifted, people started to shop the way they did before
the pandemic, making impulsive and whim purchases. Nevertheless, there was no
correlation found between life satisfaction and impulse buying, suggesting that the two
variables are unrelated and do not affect one another. Analysis of mediation data
suggests that impulsive buying plays a major mediating role in the link between hedonistic
shopping goals and life happiness. When someone shops impulsively, their hedonistically
driven level of life happiness decreases. According to Mallari et. al., (2023).

The influence of trust, convenience, price, and time on Shopee customers' online
buying habits. Price, time, trust, and convenience are the four primary factors that affect
customers' online buying decisions on Shopee, a Philippine online marketplace. The
online shopping behavior of Shopee consumers is significantly influenced by the four
factors examined in this study. Users look at price, coupons, and reasonable pricing when
they shop on an online platform. Shopee users depend on seller reputations and reviews,
especially those from Shopee Recommended Sellers and ShopeeMall members.
According to JE Bulacan, et al. (2022).

Research Questions

In this study, the researchers' objective was to compare the Consumer

Preferences Between Two Shopping Applications: Tiktok Shop and Shopee. Specifically,
the paper aimed to address the following inquiries that the researchers had:

1: What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
2: Which application do consumer preferred in terms of perceived
usefulness, TikTok Shop or Shopee?

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 3: Which application do consumer preferred in terms of perceived ease of
use, TikTok Shop or Shopee?
4:Which application do consumer preferred in terms of attitude towards use,
TikTok Shop or Shopee?

Based on the theoretical framework and existing literature, the following

Hypotheses are proposed for this study:

H01: There are no significant differences between TikTok and Shopee in terms of
Perceived Usefulness

H02: There are no significant differences between TikTok and Shopee in terms
of Perceived Ease of Use

H03: There are no significant differences between TikTok and Shopee in terms of Attitude
Towards Use.

H04: There are no significant differences between TikTok and Shopee in terms
of Consumer Preferences

METHODOLOGY

This paper examines data collection methods applied in quantitative research. This
was selected since, while experiences are the focus of quantitative research,
comprehending those experiences is more crucial than focusing on results. The goal of
this study is to learn more about how respondents buying preferences in the Shopee app
and Tiktok shop are affected by a survey questionnaire. The researcher employs citations
and has complete access to all websites in order to gather data. The researchers used
correlational study as their research design since it is defined by (LA Wilson, 2019) as a
study where researchers seek to find and understand the relationships of what naturally
occurring variables have to do with one another. Through this research design, the
researchers’ study was able to show the effects of buying preferences in different ways
of perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and attitude toward use.

The researchers conducted their research at home, using a variety of online

materials. Surveyors living in Valenzuela and Caloocan completed the survey required
for this study. The purpose of the research is to determine how customers' purchasing
preferences are influenced by the Shopee App and Tiktok shop. The researchers chose
people who used the app as study participants because they had a new or unknown
perspective; these people are known as the most vocal consumers. In addition, The

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respondents complete a series of questions using Google Forms distributed via online
platforms including Facebook posts and Messenger on their preferred devices.

In order to solicit the respondents participation in the research, the researchers

personally reached out to the respondents through private messages on social media
before taking the survey. In order to easily and broadly publicize the study in their mutual
feed, the researcher also posted updates on Facebook profiles. Before the survey was
distributed, consent was given, guaranteeing the privacy and anonymity of the names
and answers of the respondents.

RESULTS

The research variables of this study consist of perceived usefulness, perceived

ease of use, attitude toward use, and it has eighteen item questionnaires that have been
tested with validity and reliability tests. The test result showed that the 18 questions are
valid and reliable, meaning that the respondents understand the questionnaires and are
consistent with the specific statement point. The following table in this part shows the
expounding of the data that was gathered from the respondents. these raw data were
analyzed and translated

Table 1: Demographics

Age Frequency Percentage

18-24 46 92%
25-31 6 6%
39-45 1 2%

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 33 66%
Male 14 28%
Prefer not to say 3 6%

City Frequency Percentage

Valenzuela City 22 44%
Caloocan City 28 56%

Table 1.1: Demographic Profile Shopee (N=50)

Age Frequency Percentage
18-24 43 86%
25-31 5 10%

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 39-45 2 4%

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 34 68%
Male 14 28%
Prefer not to say 2 4%

City Frequency Percentage

Valenzuela City 15 30%
Caloocan City 35 70%

Table 1.2: TIkTok Respondents’ Demographic Profile (N=50)

The researchers utilized non-probability sampling techniques which is purposive

sampling in formulating this study. The respondents are at-least using Shopee App and
TikTok Shop for 3 months and 50 respondents per shopping application that total to 100
respondents. The location of the respondents that the researcher focuses on come from
Valenzuela with 15 ( 30%) respondents from TikTok shop while the Shopee App have
22 ( 44%) respondents, and Caloocan with 35 ( 70%) respondents from TikTok shop and
28( 56%) respondents. The gender of the respondents on Shopee App are 33 ( 66%)
female, 14 ( 28%) male, and 3(6 %) people who prefer not to say their gender while on
TikTok Shop have 34 (68 %) female respondents, 14 ( 28%) male, 2 ( 4%) who preferred
not to say their gender . The age ranges from 18 - 45 years old.

Table 2: Perceived Usefulness

Standard
Variable Mean Deviation Interpretation

Perceived Usefulness TikTok Shop 3.44 0.47 Very High

Perceived Usefulness Shopee App 3.55 0.43 Very High

Table 2: Perceived Usefulness mean score, standard deviation, and interpretation in
terms of the given variable.

Table 2 shows the perceived usefulness of TikTok shops and shopee apps. As
statistical treatment was applied, it is possible to determine the perceived usefulness of
tiktok shop and shopee app based on the mean scores and corresponding standard
deviation of the variables. According to the interpretation of the TikTok shop, those who
got the mean score of 3.44 correspond to a very high preference in terms of perceived
usefulness as well as in shopee. The result in the table shows that TikTok shops got the

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mean score of 3.44 and standard deviation of 0.47 while shopee apps have a higher
mean score of 3.55 and standard deviation of 0.43.
Table 3: Perceived Ease of Use
Standard
Variable Mean Deviation Interpretation

Perceived Ease of Use TikTok Shop 3.57 0.45 High

Perceived Ease of Use Shopee App 3.5 0.48 High

Table 3: Perceived Ease of Use mean score, standard deviation, and interpretation in
terms of the given variable.

Table 3 shows the perceived ease of use of TikTok shops and shopee apps. As
statistical treatment was applied, it is possible to determine the perceived ease of use of
tiktok shop and shopee app based on the mean scores and corresponding standard
deviation of the variables. According to the interpretation the majority got high indicates
that they prefer perceived ease of use in both applications. However, as shown in the
table, tiktok shops got a higher mean score of 3.57 and standard deviation of 0.45 while
shopee apps have a mean score of 3.50 and standard deviation of 0.48.

Table 4: Attitude Towards Use

Standard
Variable Mean Deviation Interpretation

Attitude Toward Use TikTok

Shop 3.51 0.42 High

Attitude Toward Use Shopee App 3.46 0.48 High

Table 4: Attitude Towards Use mean score, standard deviation, and interpretation in
terms of the given variable.

Table 4 shows the attitude toward use of TikTok shops and shopee apps. As
statistical treatment was applied, it is possible to determine the attitude toward use of
tiktok shop and shopee apps based on the mean scores and corresponding standard
deviation of the variables. According to the interpretation the majority got high indicates
that the consumers attitude towards use in the two applications. However, as shown in
the table, tiktok shops have a higher mean score of 3.51 and standard deviation of 0.42
while shopee apps have a mean score of 3.46 and standard deviation of 0.48.

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Table 5: Consumer Preferences
Standard
Variable Mean Deviation Interpretation

Consumer Preferences TikTok Shop 3.31 0.59 High

Consumer Preferences Shopee App 3.39 0.55 HIgh

Table 5: Consumer Preferences mean score, standard deviation, and interpretation in
terms of the given variable.

Table 5 shows the consumer preference between TikTok shop and shopee app.
As statistical treatment was applied, it is possible to determine the consumer preference
between tiktok shop and shopee app based on the mean scores and corresponding
standard deviation of the variables. According to the interpretation the majority got high
indicates the consumer preferences between the two applications. However, As shown
in the table, tiktok shops have a mean score of 3.31 and standard deviation of 0.59 while
Shopee apps have a higher mean score of 3.39 and standard deviation of 0.55.

Table 6: Independent Samples T-test

P-value Decision rule and

(two-
Variable tailed) Interpretation
Accept Ho1: There are no significant
Perceived differences between the TikTok Shop and
Usefulness: TikTok Shop Shopee App in terms of Perceived
and Shopee App 0.215 Usefulness
**Comparative significance is accepted at 0.05 (P-value)

Table 6 above statistically associates the perceived usefulness of TikTok Shop

and Shopee App. The result obtained the interpretation of the data through the use of
independent samples t-test. The null hypothesis is accepted based on the obtained p-
value of 0.215. The result is based on the given decision rule that educates the
researchers to accept the null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than 0.05, vice versa.
Therefore in the perceived usefulness variable, there is no significant difference between
the TikTok Shop and Shopee App in terms of perceived usefulness.

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Table 7: Independent T-test
P-value Decision rule and
(two-
Variable tailed) Interpretation

Perceived Ease of Use: Accept Ho1: There are no significant differences

TikTok Shop and between the TikTok Shop and Shopee App in
Shopee App 0.733 terms of Perceived Ease of Use
**Comparative significance is accepted at 0.05 (P-value)

Table 7 above statistically associates the perceived ease of use of TikTok Shop
and Shopee App. The result obtained the interpretation of the data through the use of
independent samples t-test. The null hypothesis is accepted based on the obtained p-
value of 0.733. The result is based on the given decision rule that educates the
researchers to accept the null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than 0.05, vice versa.
Therefore in the perceived ease of use variable, there is no significant difference between
the TikTok Shop and Shopee App in terms of perceived ease of use.

Table 8: Independent T-test

P-value Decision rule and
(two-
Variable tailed) Interpretation

Attitude Towards Use: Accept Ho1: There are no significant difference

TikTok Shop and between the TikTok Shop and Shopee App in
Shopee App 0.593 terms of Attitude Towards Use
**Comparative significance is accepted at 0.05 (P-value)

Table 8 statistically associates the attitude toward use of TikTok Shop and Shopee
App. The result obtained the interpretation of the data through the use of independent
samples t-test. The null hypothesis is accepted based on the obtained p-value of 0.593.
The result is based on the given decision rule that educates the researchers to accept the
null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than 0.05, vice versa. Therefore in the attitude
toward use variable, there is no significant difference between the TikTok Shop and
Shopee App in terms of attitude toward use.

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Table 9: Independent t-test
P-value Decision rule and
(two-
Variable tailed) Interpretation

Consumer Preferences: Accept Ho1: There are no significant difference

TikTok Shop and Shopee between the TikTok Shop and Shopee App in
App 0.495 terms of Consumer Preferences
**Comparative significance is accepted at 0.05 (P-value)

Table 9 statistically associates the attitude toward use of TikTok Shop and Shopee
App. The result obtained the interpretation of the data through the use of independent
samples t-test. The null hypothesis is accepted based on the obtained p-value of 0.495.
The result is based on the given decision rule that educates the researchers to accept the
null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than 0.05, vice versa. Therefore in the attitude
toward use of variables, there is no significant difference between the TikTok Shop and
Shopee App in terms of consumer preferences.

DISCUSSION

Based on the result of the conducted survey by the researchers, the data shows
the following: In terms of perceived usefulness the Tiktok shop has a mean of 3.44 mean
and Shopee app has 3.55 , this means Shopee app has a better user-friendly system
than Tiktok.In terms of perceived ease of use the Tiktok shop has a mean of 3.57 mean
and Shopee app has 3.50, this shows that Tiktok shop is more convenient to a consumer’s
own pace than Shopee app.In terms of attitude toward use the Tiktok shop has a mean
of 3.51 mean and Shopee app has 3.46, this portrait that consumers have positive usage
attitude to Tiktok shop compared to Shopee app.In terms of consumer preference the
Tiktok shop has a mean of 3.31 mean and Shopee app has 3.39, this interpret as
consumer prefer Shopee app than tiktok.

Based on the result of the survey conducted by the researchers, the data shows
the following: in terms of usefulness, consumers prefer TikTok more than Shopee apps
due to its user-friendly application. While in perceived ease of use, TikTok again got the
highest mean unlike in Shopee so that means consumers prefer convenience in terms of
safety, time, efforts, and reviews of other consumers. Lastly, attitude towards use, TikTok
also got the highest mean score where this portrays that consumers have a positive usage
attitude to TikTok shops compared to Shopee app. The collected data shows that tiktok
has 2 higher rating in terms of variable while Shopee has 1, the consumers but when it
comes to consumer preference Shopee has higher rating. Furthermore, the researchers
provide recommendations regarding the application of the study.

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Conclusions

The research aimed to determine which of two shopping applications, TikTok Shop
and Shopee App, consumers prefer in terms of three sub-dimensions: perceived
usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude towards use. While both apps significantly
influence shopping experience, the study revealed some nuanced differences.Perceived
usefulness: Shopee App took the lead with a mean score of 3.55, indicating users find it
generally more valuable and seamless that according to Ta Centeno, et al. is that the
characteristics of the mobile app that customer search for are visual appealing, layout
quality, and content quality and the usability of it. Perceived ease of use: Here, TikTok
Shop shines with a mean of 3.57, suggesting users perceive it as more user-friendly and
convenient. This aligns with Yadonia's (2017) claim that users quickly abandon complex
applications. Further, TikTok's short, engaging videos and features like live streaming
with product demonstrations and reviews (IJEMBIS, 2023) likely contribute to this ease
of use and user confidence. Attitude towards use: Both platforms boast favorable scores,
with TikTok (3.51) edging out Shopee (3.46). This positive attitude toward TikTok possibly
stems from its entertaining short videos and influencer promotions (Karina & Yeshika,
2021), which effectively capture consumers' attention and potentially lead to increased
purchases. In conclusion, while Shopee App holds a slight edge in overall perceived
usefulness, TikTok takes the lead in perceived ease of use and attitude towards use.
Ultimately, both platforms offer distinct strengths and cater to different user preferences.

Recommendations

The researchers made this study to uncover the impact of social media influencers’
endorsements on the purchase intention of collagen drinks with the use of three variables.
The findings showed that the endorsements by social media influencers were effective
for marketing and advertising, so the researchers proposed that markets and business
owners can efficiently utilize the use of social media influencers for marketing campaigns.
Business owners can promote their products through social media influencers in order to
reach their target market.

Recommendation Based on the Findings

The researchers conducted this study to identify consumer preferences between the
TikTok Shop and Shopee app, focusing on three sub-dimensions which are: perceived
usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude towards use. Their findings revealed no
significant differences in preferences between the two platforms. Consequently,
researchers recommend that businesses of all sizes prioritize effective utilization and
navigation of their online platforms to optimize user-friendliness, provide a seamless
transaction for convenience of the customer, and ultimately drive consumer satisfaction.
The areas for improvement are:

● According to Prasasti (2019), include feature optimization, particularly search engine

enhancements. Prasasti notes that factors like layout, keyword optimization, hit
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 frequency, and page visit rate all contribute to improved product and service
discoverability for users. make sure that your app or website provides an easy way to
connect with your customers' intent with the right content. Researchers recommend
that SEO is an integral part of the internet marketing strategy, having SEO-friendly
that will lead to your business credibility, improve user experience, and probably
lessen the cost of your marketing efforts. Some of the areas that should be enhanced
in your search engine optimization are: use of keywords, mobile-friendly design, and
site loading speed.

● Brands must implement a robust e-commerce communication strategy. Ensuring a

positive customer experience from order placement to delivery and beyond is crucial.
Open communication throughout the purchase journey is key to customer
satisfaction. Strategies like targeted advertising, online sales and promotions, promo
code distribution, and effective customer service are all essential tools for driving
sales and fostering positive customer relationships within the e-commerce landscape.

● Collaboration and partnerships are also critical to achieving success. Partnering with
other brands, influencers, or celebrities can increase brand awareness and attract
new customers. Additionally, collaborations offer access to existing customer bases,
further expanding reach. Staying ahead of the curve in terms of technological
advancements provides a competitive edge. By continually upgrading platforms,
businesses can ensure easy product visibility, ultimately driving sales and growth. In
conclusion, these researcher-backed recommendations aim to equip business
owners with valuable insights for navigating the e-commerce market. By focusing on
the areas outlined, along with the aforementioned three dimensions, businesses can
cultivate a smoother customer experience and cultivate enduring consumer
satisfaction.

● stated by De Nahla Davies, 2023 e-commerce will become the most integral part in
consumer’s daily lives due to its convenience and accessibility made the shopping
experience of users a lot easier. As a business making your application accessible,
businesses can reach a broader customer base. So the researcher recommends for
business owners who're planning to enter or want to ride with the waves of e-
commerce, make your application more accessible for the user in that way it will
improve the usability, customer retention, and increase branding.

Recommendation for Future Researchers

There were certain limitations that the researchers faced during conducting this
research, such as the availability of local existing data and the inaccuracy of information
that limited the scope of the researcher regarding the related literature that has not been
extensively researched before locally. However, the researchers recommend to the future
researchers who want to continue or use this research for references to investigate the
findings of the research but in different aspects, future researchers can explore the
underlying correlation between other e-commerce marketplace like the two leading e-
commerce business around the world Amazon and Alibaba, these two is known for its
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large operation without physical store or some business who recently joined the e-
commerce world Future researchers can look and conduct things related to those two
different views in e-commerce platform

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Research ethics that are observed during the conduct of the study, different ethical
considerations are considered. The first and foremost important ethical consideration that
is followed in this study is respect for the study participants. It is because participants in
the study form a foundation for different ethical principles. On the basis of this ethical
consideration, it is the right of the participants to be treated as human beings who have
the right to be respected in a significant manner. Generally, participants are not merely a
way of collecting the required information. By choosing papers with believable sources
and abstain from misconduct actions like fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and
unauthorized use of data that may violate research integrity, distort records, and introduce
false information into the system, the researchers manage this research with honesty,
trust, responsibility, fairness, respect, and professionalism. Likewise, they would not
purposefully avoid, mislead, or attempt to do so by commissioning this research. Here,
"misconduct in research" is understood to refer to fabrication, falsification, plagiarism,
unauthorized use of data, or other actions that materially depart from the accepted norms
within the academic community for proposing, carrying out, or reporting research.

Another ethical consideration followed in the study is the autonomy and self-
determination to participate in the interview and the researcher to provide informed
consent. Before giving them permission to attend an interview, they have been asked to
fill out a particular consent form. This form includes information regarding the purpose of
the study and what participation contains. Apart from this, complete freedom is assigned
to them regarding their participation in the study process (E.Smiythe, 2000). Moreover,the
signed consent form tells the participants that the researcher wants their freedom given
to them regarding their participation in this process; furthermore, the authority of asking
the question is also provided to them to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the
research.

Therefore, it can be said that the researcher respected the decision of everyone
whether they want to participate in the study or not. Another important and significant
ethical consideration adopted in the research is privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity.
These guided the study in the accomplishment of its objective. Confidentiality and privacy
are more important to the researcher. It is because these are the pure and prior
considerations of the researcher, Due to privacy considerations.

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, the researchers are grateful to our Almighty God for the gifts
He has bestowed upon us during our research. It provided us with the perseverance and

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strength we needed to overcome all of the difficulties and problems we encountered
during our study. Having confidence in Him led to the enhancement of this research.

The researchers sincerely thank Ms. Marianne A. Iban for her assistance, our
research adviser, for her patience, inspiration, passion, and knowledge during our study
and research. Her guidance was quite helpful when conducting the research and writing
this paper. She gave us instructions on how to conduct the study and effectively report
the results. Being able to work and study under her direction was a huge honor.

In addition to our research adviser, we would like to thank our research team for
their time, patience, collaboration, and passionate support of our study activity. They are
willing to help in this endeavor. This study will not be carried out unless they are present.

We are grateful to our cherished families for their commitment, prayers, and
sacrifices in order to educate and prepare us for the future. We are really appreciative for
their continued spiritual support in completing this study.

We would like to express our appreciation to the respondents, who use the two
shopping applications from Valenzuela City and Caloocan City, for participating their time
to complete surveys for our research.

Finally, we would like to thank Our Lady of Fatima University for their aid in carrying
out this work and finishing the research, as well as everyone who has helped us to
complete the research work, whether directly or indirectly.

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Bulacan, J. E., Co, J., Milan, B. C., & Fernandez, R. (2022). Impact of Price, Time, Trust,
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