ALGEBRA

Name
Lesson 7.9
Fractions and Properties of Addition
Essential Question How can you add fractions with like denominators Numbers and Operations—
using the properties of addition? Fractions—4.NF.B.3c
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
connect The Associative and Commutative Properties of Addition MP2, MP7
can help you group and order addends to find sums mentally. You can
use mental math to combine fractions that have a sum of 1.
• The Commutative Property of Addition states that when
the order of two addends is changed, the sum is the
same. For example, 4 + 5 = 5 + 4.

• The Associative Property of Addition states that when the

grouping of addends is changed, the sum is the same. For
example, (5 + 8) + 4 = 5 + (8 + 4).

Unlock
Unlock the
the Problem
Problem
The map shows four lighthouses in the Florida Keys
and their distances apart in miles. The Dry Tortugas
Lighthouse is the farthest west, and the Alligator
34 150
Reef Lighthouse is the farthest east. 43 160
70 150

What is the distance from the Dry Tortugas Lighthouse

to the Alligator Reef Lighthouse, traveling between the
four lighthouses?

Use the properties to order and group.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (tr) ©Danita Delimont/Alamy

5 + 43 ___
Add. 70 ___ 6 + 34 ___
5
10 10 10 Use the Commutative
Property to order the
70 ___ 6 + 34 ___
5 + 43 ___ 5 =_+_+_ addends so that the fractions
10 10 10 with a sum of 1 are together.
Use the Associative Property
= (_ + _) + _ to group the addends that
you can add mentally.
Add the grouped numbers,
= (_) + _ and then add the other
mixed number.

=_ Write the sum.

So, the distance from the Dry Tortugas Lighthouse to the

Alligator Reef Lighthouse, traveling between the four lighthouses,

is _ miles.

Chapter 7 435
Try This! Use the properties and mental math to solve. Show each
step, and name the property used.

1 1_3 + (2 + 3 2_3 )

MATH
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1. Complete. Name the property used.

(3104 + 5102 ) + 106 = (5102 + 3104 ) + _

____ ____ ____ ____ ____
_____
= 5 2 + (3 4 + _)
____ ____
_____
10 10
2 +
= 5 ____
10 _ Math MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 2
Talk
=_ Reason Abstractly
Describe how you could
use the properties to find
the sum 1 1_3 + 2 5_8 +1 2_3 .

Use the properties and mental math to find the sum.

2. (278 + 328) + 118

__ __ __ 3. 12
5 (
__ + 1 + 3
__
5)
4. 53
__ + (5 5
6
__ + 4 3
6
__)
6

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. (11 __) + 2 3
__ + 11 __ 6. (12 4 __) + 3 5
__ + 1 2 __ 3 8 9
7. ____ + (1____ + ____)
4 4 4 9 9 9 12 12 12

436
 Name

On
On Your
Your Own
Own
Use the properties and mental math to find the sum.
8. (451_3 + 61_3) + 382_3 ( )
9. _1 + 103 1_ + 12
2 2 (
10. 3 __
10 )
5 + 10 + 11__
5
10

11. DEEPER
Pablo is training for a marathon. 12. DEEPERAt lunchtime, Dale’s Diner served
He ran 5 8 miles on Friday, 6 5_8 miles on
_
4 a total of 2 _26
pots of vegetable soup, 3 5_6 pots
Saturday, and 7 4_8 miles on Sunday. How of chicken soup, and 4 3_6 pots of tomato soup.
many miles did he run on all three days? How many pots of soup were served in all?

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Use the expressions in the box for 13–14.
13. Which property of addition would you use to
regroup the addends in Expression A?
8 (
A _1 + 7_8 + 4_
8 )
B _1 + 2
2
14. SMARTER Which two expressions have the
same value?
(
C _37 + 1_2 + 4_7 )
D _1 + 4_ + 2_
3 3 3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. SMARTER Match the equation with the property used.

12 + ( 12 + 12 ) = ( 1 2 + 12 ) + 12
__
6 __
6 __
3 __
6 __
6 __
3 •
3 2_5 + (5 4_5 + 2 1_5 ) = 3 2_5 + (2 1_5 + 5 4_5 ) • • Commutative Property

(4 1_6 + 3 5_6 ) + 2 2_6 = (3 5_6 + 4 1_6 ) + 2 2_6 • • Associative Property

(1 1_8 + 5_8 ) + 3 3_8 = 1 1_8 + ( 5_8 + 3 3_8 ) •

Chapter 7 • Lesson 9 437

 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES ANALYZE
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Pose a Problem

16. DEEPER
Costumes are being made for the
high school musical. The table at the right
shows the amount of fabric needed for the Costume Fabric (in Yards)
costumes of the male and female leads. Alice
Female Lead Male Lead
uses the expression 7 3_8 + 1 5_8 + 2 4_8 to find the total
Material Costume Costume
amount of fabric needed for the costume of the
Silk 7 3_8 1 2_8
female lead.
Felt 1 5_8 2 3_8
To find the value of the expression using mental
math, Alice used the properties of addition. Cotton 2 4_8 5 6_8

73
__ + 15 __ = 73
__ + 24 __ + 15
( __ + 24
)
__
8 8 8 8 8 8

Alice added 7 + 1 and was able to quickly add

3_ and 5
_ to the sum of 8 to get 9. She added 24
_
8 8 4 8
to 9, so her answer was 11_.
8

So, the amount of fabric needed for the costume of the female lead
actor is 114_ yards.
8

Write a new problem using the information for the costume for
the male lead actor.
Pose a Problem Solve your problem. Check your solution.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL
• PRACTICE Identify Relationships Explain how using the properties of
7
addition makes both problems easier to solve.

438
 Practice and Homework
Name
Lesson 7.9
Fractions and Properties of Addition
COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.NF.B.3c
Build fractions from unit fractions by applying
and extending previous understandings of
Use the properties and mental math to find the sum. operations on whole numbers.

1. 5 1 (2 1 1 1__
__ 1 2 __
) 2. 10 1
__ 1 3 5
__ 1 2 7
( __
) 3. 8 1
__ 1 3 2
__ 1 5 4
( __
)
3 3 3 8 8 8 5 5 5

5_
1 1 (4)
3

9 1_3
_ _ _

4. 6 3 (2 1 5 1__
__ 1 4 __
) 5. (6 3__6 1 10 4__6) 1 9 __62 6. (6 2__5 1 1 4__5) 1 3 __51
4 4 4

_ _ _

Problem
Problem Solving
Solving
7. Nate’s classroom has three tables of different 8. Mr. Warren uses 2 1_4 bags of mulch for his
lengths. One has a length of 4 1_2 feet, another garden and another 4 1_4 bags for his front
has a length of 4 feet, and a third has a length yard. He also uses 3_4 bag around a fountain.
of 2 1_2 feet. What is the length of all three How many total bags of mulch does
tables when pushed end to end? Mr. Warren use?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. WRITE Math Describe how the Commutative and Associative

Properties of Addition can make adding mixed numbers easier.

Chapter 7 439
Lesson Check (4.NF.B.3c)
1. A carpenter cut a board into three pieces. 2. Harry works at an apple orchard. He
_5
One piece was 2 feet long. The second picked 45 7_8 pounds of apples on Monday.
6
piece was 3 1_6 feet long. The third piece was He picked 42 3_8 pounds of apples on
1 5_6 feet long. How long was the board? Wednesday. He picked 54 1_8 pounds of
apples on Friday. How many pounds of
apples did Harry pick those three days?

Spiral Review (4.OA.B.4, 4.NBT.B.5, 4.NBT.B.6, 4.NF.B.3c)

3. There were 6 oranges in the refrigerator. 4. Darlene was asked to identify which of the
_2
Joey and his friends ate 3 oranges. following numbers is prime:
3
How many oranges were left?
2, 12, 21, 39

Which number should she choose?

5. A teacher has 100 chairs to arrange for an 6. Nic bought 28 folding chairs for $16 each.
assembly into equal rows. Write one way How much money did Nic spend on chairs? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the chairs could be arranged. Include the

number of rows and the number of chairs in
each row.

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