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31 views5 pages

Lista 1 - P1

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higorm234
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Centro de Ciências Exatas


Departamento de Matemática

MAT 140 - Cálculo I


Lista 1 - Funções
1. Estude a variação de sinal (f (x) > 0, f (x) = 0 e f (x) < 0) das seguintes funções:

(a) f (x) = x + 5, x2 − 3x − 4
(e) f (x) = ,
(b) f (x) = x2 − 5x + 6, x−2

(c) f (x) = −3x + 9, (f) f (x) = (x2 − 2x − 3)(−x2 − 3x + 4),


(d) f (x) = −x2 + 4x, (g) f (x) = ln(2x − 3)

2. Determine o conjunto solução das seguintes equações modulares:

(a) x2 − 3 = 13, (c) |x + 3| = 2x − 5,


2
(b) |x| − 5|x| + 6 = 0, (d) |x + 3| + |x − 2| = 4.

3. Encontre o conjunto solução de cada uma das seguintes inequações:

(a) |2x − 5| < 1 2 3 (k) (x − 1)(2x − 3) ≥ 0


(g) −4< −8
x x
(b) |x − 2| ≥ |4x + 1|
5 (l) −6 ≤ x2 − 5x < 6
(c) x2 ≤ 4 (h) ≥2
3−x
(d) 3 < 5x ≤ 2x + 11 (m) (x2 + 2x − 3)(3x2 − 4x + 8) < 0
x+2 x
(i) ≤
(e) 2x ≥ 3x2 − 16 x−1 x+4 (n) |x2 − x| > 2
x−1 x x+1 1−x
(f) 0 < <2 (j) − < (o) |x + 2| − |x − 3| > x
2x − 1 3 2 4

4. Simplifique as expressões:

x2 − 2x 2x2 + 11x − 21 x3 − 8
(a) (d) · 2
x2
−x−2 3 2
x + 2x + 4x x + 5x − 14
(5 + x)2 − 25 x3 + 1 x2 − x + 1
(b) (e) 2 ÷ 2
x x − x − 2 x − 4x + 4
x2 − 3x
(c) 2
x −9
√ √
5. Sejam f, g funções dadas por f (x) = 4 − x2 e g(x) = x2 − 3x. Determine:

(a) domı́nio de f ; (c) domı́nio de f + g, f − g e f.g;


f
(b) domı́nio de g; (d) domı́nio de ;
g

f (1 + h) − f (1)
6. Simplifique a expressão , h 6= 0, para cada uma das seguintes funções
h

(a) f (x) = x2 + x (d) f (x) = x + 2
(b) f (x) = 3x + 5
1
(c) f (x) = x3 (e) f (x) =
x

7. Dadas as funções f e g, determine as compostas f ◦ g e g ◦ f e seus respectivos domı́nios.

1

(a) f (x) = 3x e g(x) = 3x + 2; (c) f (x) = x e g(x) = 3x2 + 2;
(b) f (x) = x + 2 e g(x) = 4x2 − 1;

f (x) − f (a)
8. Seja f : [a, b] → R uma função. Dê uma interpretação geométrica para o quociente , x ∈ (a, b].
x−a
9. Dadas as funções  2
 x + 2, se x ≤ −1
 1
f (x) = , se − 1 < x < 1 e g(x) = 2 − 3x.
 x − 2
2
4−x , x≥1

se
, determine as leis que definem f ◦ g e g ◦ f :
10. Considere as funções 
 −2x − 1, se x≤0 √
f (x) = x2 − 3, se 0<x≤3 e g(x) = 1 − x.
x, e x>3

(a) Faça o esboço do gráfico de f ;


(b) Determine g ◦ f e seu respectivo domı́nio.
11. Determine o domı́nio das seguintes funções:
√ 1 1
(a) f (x) = −bx, b ∈ R (g) f (x) = + (m) f (x) = ln(x2 + x − 2)
x x2 − 6x + 5 x + 4
√ 1
(b) f (x) = ln , a ∈ R+ x−2 (n) f (x) = √
a (h) f (x) = √ 1− x
(c) f (x) = ln(1 + ex ) x+2 r
p x
√ (i) f (x) = |2x − 1| − 4 (o) f (x) = 2
(d) f (x) = 3 − x x −1
√ 5x − 7
(j) f (x) = 2 r
1 2
(e) f (x) = 6 + x − x2 x − 4x − 5 (p) f (x) = −

r (k) f (x) = 6 x2 + 3x − 4 x+1 x−3
x2 − 1 √ √ √
(f) f (x) = (l) f (x) = 3 x2 + 3x − 4 (q) f (x) = 1 − x2 + x2 − 1
x−2

12. Usando funções elementares conhecidas, escreva a função dada como composição de n funções.
√  
(a) f (x) = 1 + 1 + x (n = 2) 1
(c) f (x) = cos (n = 3)
(b) f (x) = sen2 (2x + 1) (n = 3) x2 + 1

13. Verdadeiro ou falso, justifique:


(a) Se x < y, então −5x < −5y.
(b) Se x2 ≤ 16, então x ≤ 4.
(c) Se x2 ≤ 16, então x ≤ −4.
(d) Se x2 ≥ 16, então x ≤ −4.
1 1
(e) Se x 6= 0, y 6= 0 e x < y, então > .
x y
(f) Se x < y, então x2 < y 2 .
(g) Se 0 < x < y, então x2 < y 2 .
(h) Se x < 1, então x3 < x.
14. Determine as raı́zes reais das seguintes equações:

(a) x2 − 3x + 2 = 0 (d) 4x4 − x2 = 0


(b) x2 − 25 = 0
(c) x3 + 4x2 + 4x = 0 (e) x3 − x2 + x − 1 = 0

15. Simplifique as expressões:

2
(a) (1 + cos x)(1 − cos x) sen2 (2x)
(d) +1
1 + cotg2 x (1 + cos (2x))2
(b)
sec2 x (e) cos2 (2x) − sen2 x
cos x − 1
(c) (f) tg x − cossec x(1 − 2 cos2 x) sec x
sec x − 1

16. Faça a divisão do polinômio p(x) pelo polinômio q(x), nos seguintes casos.
(a) p(x) = 10x2 − 43x + 40 e q(x) = 2x − 5
(b) p(x) = 6x4 − 10x3 + 9x2 + 9x − 5 e q(x) = 2x2 − 4x + 5

Gabarito
 
f (x) > 0 : {x ∈ R/x > −5}
 f (x) > 0 :
 {x ∈ R/ − 1 < x < 2 ou x > 4}
1. a) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = −5} e) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = −1 ou x = 4}
 
f (x) < 0 : {x ∈ R/x < −5} f (x) < 0 : {x ∈ R/x < −1 ou 2 < x < 4}
 
 
f (x) > 0 : {x ∈ R/x < 2 ou x > 3}
 f (x) > 0 :
 {x ∈ R/ − 4 < x < −1 ou 1 < x < 3}
b) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = 2 ou x = 3} f) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = −4 ou x = −1 ou x = 1 ou x = 3}

f (x) < 0 : {x ∈ R/2 < x < 3}

{x ∈ R/x < −4 ou − 1 < x < 1 ou x > 3}

f (x) < 0 :


 f (x) > 0 : {x ∈ R/x < 3} 
{x ∈ R/x > 2}
c) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = 3} f (x) > 0 :


f (x) < 0 : {x ∈ R/x > 3} g) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = 2}
{x ∈ R/ 23 < x < 2}

f (x) < 0 :
 
f (x) > 0 : {x ∈ R/0 < x < 4}

d) f (x) = 0 : {x ∈ R/x = 0 ou x = 4}

f (x) < 0 : {x ∈ R/x < 0 ou x > 4}

2. a) S = {−4, 4} c) S = {8}
b) S = {−3, −2, 2, 3} d) S = ∅
 
3. (a) S = (2, 3) 1
(h) S = ,3

1
 2
(b) S = −1,  
5 8
(i) S = (−∞, −4) ∪ − , 1
(c) S = [−2, 2] 7
 
3 11 (j) S = (−∞, 9)
(d) S = ,
5 3


3
  (k) S = (−∞, 1] ∪ , ∞
8 2
(e) S = −2,
3 (l) S = [3, 6) ∪ (−1, 2]
 
1
(f) S = −∞, ∪ (1, ∞) (m) S = (−3, 1)
3
  (n) S = (−∞, −1) ∪ (2, ∞)
1
(g) S = 0, (o) S = (−∞, −5) ∪ (1, 5)
4
x 2x − 3
4. (a) (d)
x+1 x
(b) x + 10
x
(c) (e) x − 2
x+3
5. (a) Dom(f ) = [−2, 2] Dom(f.g) = [−2, 0]
(b) Dom(g) = (−∞, 0] ∪ [3, ∞)  
f
(c) Dom(f + g) = [−2, 0], Dom(f − g) = [−2, 0] e (d) Dom = [−2, 0)
g

6.

3
√ √
(a) h + 3 h+3− 3
(d)
(b) 3 h
1
(c) h2 + 3h + 3 (e) −
h+1

7. Neste item, são listados f ◦ g e g ◦ f.



(a) (f ◦ g)(x) = 9x + 6, (g ◦ f )(x) = 9x + 2 (c) (f ◦ g)(x) = 3x2 + 2, (g ◦ f )(x) = 3x + 2
(b) (f ◦ g)(x) = 4x2 + 1, (g ◦ f )(x)4x2 + 16x + 15

8.
2 −3x2 − 4 x ≤ −1
 
 9x − 12x + 6 x≥1
 se  se
 2x − 7
1 1
9. (f ◦ g)(x) = − se 3 <x<1 e (g ◦ f )(x) = se −1 < x < 1
 3x2

1  x 2− 2

−9x + 12x se x≤ 3 3x − 10 se x≥1
y
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
−2
−3
10. (a)
 √
√2 + 2x, se −1 ≤ x ≤ 0
(b) (g ◦ f )(x) =
4 − x2 , se 0<x≤2
11. (a) x ≥ 0, se b < 0; x ≤ 0 se b > 0 e x ∈ R se b = 0. (j) R \ {−1, 5}
(b) (0, ∞) (k) (−∞, −4) ∪ (1, ∞)
(c) R
(l) R
(d) (−∞, 3]
(e) [−2, 3] (m) (−∞, −2) ∪ (1, ∞)
(f) [−1, 1] ∪ (2, ∞) (n) [0, ∞)\{1}
(g) R \ {−4, 1, 5} (o) (−1, 0] ∪ (1, ∞)
(h) [2, ∞)
    (p) (−∞, −5] ∪ (−1, 3)
3 5
(i) −∞, − ∪ , ∞ (q) {−1, 1}
2 2

12. (a) 1 + x; 1 + x
(b) 2x + 1; sen x; x2
1
(c) ; x2 + 1; cos x
x
13. (a) F (e) V
(b) V (f) F
(c) F (g) V
(d) F (h) F
 
14. (a) {1, 2} 1 1
(d) − , , 0
(b) {−5, 5} 2 2
(c) {−2, 0} (e) {1}

15.

4
(a) sen2 x (d) sec2 x
(b) cotg2 x (e) 4 cos4 x − 3 cos2 x
(c) − cos x (f) cotg x

16. Neste próximo exercı́cio, estarão listados o quociente e resto, nesta ordem

(a) 5x − 9, −5 (b) 3x2 + x − 1, 0

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