Naming ionic compounds
The cation is named first, followed by the anion.
Transition metals can form more than one simple cations
with different charges.
Roman numeral indicating the charge is written in brackets
after the name of the metal.
I ) i o n F e 3
I r o n ( I II ) i on
Iron(I Fe 2+
+
Simple anions have names ending in –ide
oxygen atom (O) forms an oxide ion (O2−)
Sulphur atom (S) forms a sulphide ion (S2−)
chorine atom forms a chloride ion (Cl−).
Oxygen
-ide
Polyatomic anions containing oxygen often have
names ending in -ate or -ite.
more oxygen is named as -ate, and that with
less oxygen as -ite.
2− 2−
SO4 Sulphate SO3 Sulphite
NO3 −
Nitrat NO2 −
Nitrite
e
Naming ionic compounds
Cation Anion Formula of Name of
compound compound
Al3+ SO42− aluminium
Al2(SO4)3 sulphate
NH4+ CO32− ammonium
(NH4)2CO3 carbonate
Ca2+ NO3− calcium
Ca(NO3)2 nitrate
Cu+ O2− copper(I)
Cu2O oxide
2+ 2−
Cu O copper(II)
2+ −
CuO oxide
Pb Br lead(II)
PbBr2
Class Practice
Name the following compounds:
(a) Ca(NO3)2 (a) Calcium nitrate
(b) Iron(III) chloride
(c) Copper(II) hydroxide
(b) FeCl3
(c) Cu(OH)2 (d) Zinc sulphate
(e) Lithium oxide
(d) ZnSO4
(f) Potassium permanganate
(e) Li2O
(f) KMnO4
Covalent bonding
• Gases like hydrogen and chlorine exist as
molecules in nature
• Molecule: smallest part of an element or a
compound which can exist on its own naturally.
• Why not as single atom?
Non-metal atoms can attain octet structure by
sharing electrons.
• What other elements exist as molecules in nature?
• Diatomic molecules: 2 atoms joined together to form
molecules (H / N / O / F / Cl / I / Br!!)
A covalent bond is the directional electrostatic force of
attraction between two positive nuclei and the shared
electron pairs.
Example 1: Hydrogen
Example 2: Chlorine
Tips on drawing covalent dot-cross
diagram
• Number of electrons an atom shared is equal to the
number of electrons it lacks for octet.
• Electrons shared must be written in between the two
atoms.
• If atom A shares “n” electrons with atom B, B must do
the same.
• Check to see if each atom has a octet structure
i. Water
Hydrogen: Oxygen:
-lack 1 electron -lack 2 electron
-share 1 electron -share 2 electron
The atom which lacks the most number of electrons
is usually stationed in the middle.
ii. Hydrogen Chloride
• Hydrogen:
• lack 1 electron
• share 1 electron
• Chlorine:
• lack 1 electron
• share 1 electron
iii: Methane (CH4)
The atom which lacks the most number of electrons
is usually stationed in the middle.
1 pair of electron being shared → Single Bond
2 pair of electron being shared → Double Bond
3 pair of electron being shared → Triple Bond
IV: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
The atom which lacks the most number of electrons
is usually stationed in the middle.
