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Cal 3 Topic 1

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26 views13 pages

Cal 3 Topic 1

Uploaded by

Kristine Sevilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Partial & Total Differentiation

MTH 311 – Calculus 3

Prepared by:
Tom Paulie M. Tongol
Definition
• Partial Derivatives: The partial derivative of a function of
several variables is its derivative with respect to one of
those variables, while keeping the other variables constant.

Notation
• For a function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚), the partial derivative with respect to
∂𝒇
𝒙 is denoted as , 𝒇𝒙 , or​ 𝒛𝒙 .
∂𝒙
• Similarly, for variable 𝑦, the partial derivatives are denoted
∂𝒇
as as , 𝒇𝒚 , or​ 𝒛𝒚 .
∂𝒚
Calculation
• To calculate a partial derivative:
1. Treat the variable of differentiation as the only
variable.
2. Treat all other variables as constants.
3. Differentiate with respect to the chosen variable
using standard differentiation rules.
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

1. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝟐𝐱𝐲 + 𝟒 and 𝐳𝐲 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑
2. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐲 + 𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐲 + 𝐲𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 and 𝐳𝐲 = 𝐱𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐲 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱
3. ) Find 𝐮𝐱 , 𝐮𝐲 , and 𝐮𝐳 of 𝐮 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲𝐳 𝟐 + 𝐱𝐳
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐮𝐱 = 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐳 , 𝐮𝐲 = 𝐳 𝟐 , and 𝐮𝐳 = 𝟐𝐲𝐳 + 𝐱
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

4. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱𝐲


𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = −𝐱𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱𝐲 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱𝐲 and 𝐳𝐲 = −𝐱 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱𝐲
5. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱𝐞𝐲 + 𝐲𝐞𝐱
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝐞𝐲 + 𝐲𝐞𝐱 and 𝐳𝐲 = 𝐱𝐞𝐲 + 𝐞𝐱
6. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐞𝐱−𝐲 − 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝐞𝐱−𝐲 − 𝟐𝐱𝐲 and 𝐳𝐲 = −𝐞𝐱−𝐲 − 𝐱 𝟐
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

𝐲𝟐
7. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 =
𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱
𝟒𝐲 𝟐 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝟐
and 𝐳𝐲 =
𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱 𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱 𝟐

8. ) Find 𝐳𝐱 and 𝒛𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐
𝟐𝐱 𝟐𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱 = 𝟐 𝟐
and 𝐳𝐲 = 𝟐
𝐱 +𝐲 𝐱 + 𝐲𝟐
Higher-Order Partial Derivatives
• Just as with single-variable functions, you can take
higher-order partial derivatives.
• Second-Order Partial Derivatives: These involve taking
the partial derivative of a partial derivative. For
∂²𝒇 ∂²𝒇
example, or​ 𝒛𝒙𝒙 , and or​ 𝒛𝒚𝒚 .
∂𝒙² ∂ 𝒚²
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

9. ) Find 𝐳𝐱𝐱 , 𝐳𝐱𝐱𝐲 , and 𝒛𝐲𝐱𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱𝐲 𝟐 + 𝐱 𝟑 𝐲


𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱𝐱 = 𝟔𝐱𝐲 , 𝐳𝐱𝐱𝐲 = 𝟔𝐱 , and 𝐳𝐲𝐱𝐲 = 𝟐

10. ) Find 𝐳𝐱𝐱 , 𝐳𝐲𝐲 , and 𝒛𝐲𝐱 of 𝐳 = 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 𝟑 − 𝟒𝐱 𝟒 𝐲 𝟐


𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱𝐱 = 𝟔𝐲 𝟑 − 𝟒𝟖𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 𝟐 , 𝐳𝐲𝐲 = 𝟏𝟖𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 − 𝟖𝐱 𝟒 ,
and 𝐳𝐲𝐱 = 𝟏𝟖𝐱𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐𝐱 𝟑 𝐲
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

11. ) Find 𝐳𝐱𝐱 , 𝐳𝐲𝐲 , and 𝒛𝐱𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐱 𝟐 𝐥𝐧𝐱𝐲


𝐱𝟐 𝟐𝐱
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱𝐱 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝐥𝐧𝐱𝐲 , 𝐳𝐲𝐲 = − 𝟐 , and 𝐳𝐱𝐲 =
𝐲 𝐲
12. ) Find 𝐳𝐱𝐱 , 𝐳𝐲𝐲 , and 𝐳𝐱𝐲 of 𝐳 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐱 − 𝐲)
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐳𝐱𝐱 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 − 𝐲 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 ,
𝐳𝐲𝐲 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 − 𝐲 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 ,
and 𝐳𝐲𝐱 = −𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐱 − 𝐲)
Definition
• Total Derivative: The total derivative of a function of multiple
variables represents the overall rate of change of the function
with respect to changes in all its variables.
Notation and Formula
• For a function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) or 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛), the total differential 𝒅𝒇 is
given by:
∂𝒇 ∂𝒇 ∂𝒇
𝒅𝒇 = 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒅𝒚 + 𝒅𝒛
∂𝒙 ∂𝒚 ∂𝒛
OR
𝒅𝒇 = 𝒇𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒇𝒚 𝒅𝒚 + 𝒇𝒛 𝒅𝒛
Calculation
• To calculate the total derivative:
1. Calculate the partial derivative of the function with
respect to each variable.
2. Multiply each partial derivative by the differential
of the corresponding variable.
3. Sum these products to obtain the total differential.
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.

13. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝐱 𝟑 𝐲 + 𝟒𝐱𝐲 𝟐


𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 + 𝟒𝐲 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 + 𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟖𝐱𝐲 𝐝𝐲
14. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱𝐲 𝟑 + 𝐲 𝟐
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 𝟑 𝐝𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐𝐱𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐲 𝐝𝐲
15. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝐞𝟐𝐱 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟐𝐞𝟐𝐱 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒𝐲 𝐝𝐱 + 𝟒𝐞𝟐𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟒𝐲 𝐝𝐲
TRY THIS! Find the derivative of the following functions.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
16. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝐱 + 𝟐𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲
𝟐 𝟐
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟑 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲 𝟐 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 𝐝𝐱 + 𝟑 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲 𝟐 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 𝐝𝐲

17. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐


𝟐𝐱 𝟐𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟐 𝟐
𝐝𝐱 + 𝟐 𝟐
𝐝𝐲
𝐱 + 𝐲 ln 𝟏𝟎 𝐱 + 𝐲 ln 𝟏𝟎

𝐱𝟐 − 𝐲𝟐
18. ) Find 𝐝𝐳 of 𝐳 = 𝟐
𝐱 + 𝐲𝟐
𝟒𝐱𝐲 𝟐 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 𝐲
𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐝𝐳 = 𝟐
𝐝𝐱 − 𝟐
𝐝𝐲
𝐱+𝐲 𝐱+𝐲

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