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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Part 2

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Kim Perez-Daguisonan
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21 views4 pages

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Part 2

Uploaded by

Kim Perez-Daguisonan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kimberly Joy P.

Daguisonan February 1, 2024


EDU200 S123 Prof. Ronaldo R. Orbita

Written Report No. 1

Topic: Psychological Foundations of Education


The Learner: Basic Principles of Human Development

One of the very important aims of education is to enlarge the student’s

awareness of himself and his world to bring about one’s desired changes.

Change is the law of nature. Animate or inanimate objects are all subject to

change. Changes are taking place in an individual due to learning and also

due to the natural growth and development.

The term development refers to change in structure, form or shape and

improvement in functioning. It does not consist merely of adding inches to

one’s height or improving one’s ability, but it is a complex process of

integrating many structures and functions. According to Hurlock (1959),

development means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly

predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience.

Basic Principles of Human Development

Based on the observations of children, certain principles have been identified

that help parents and teachers understand the development of children.

These principles provide insights into what can be expected from children
and how to support them in their growth by creating a suitable environment.

It appears that there are specific principles that govern the developmental

process, and these can be referred to as the principles of development.

Some of these principles are concisely explained below:

Principle of interrelation

The various aspects of one’s growth are development are interrelated. What

is achieved or not achieved in one or the other dimension in the course of

the gradual and continuous process of development surely affects the

development in other dimensions. All healthy body tends to develop a

healthy mind and an emotionally stable and socially conscious personality.

On the other hand, inadequate physical or mental development may results

in a socially or emotionally unstable personality. That is why all efforts in

education are always directed towards achieving harmonious growth and

development in all aspects of one’s personality.

Principle of interaction

The process of development is influenced by both the characteristics we are

born with and the experiences we have throughout our lives. The things we

inherit when we are conceived are affected by the things we are exposed to

while in the womb and after we are born, such as our physical surroundings

and the people we interact with. So, as we grow and develop, our behavior

and personality are shaped by the constant interaction between our genetics

and the environment we are in.


Principle of maturation and learning

Development occurs as a result of both maturation and learning. Maturation

refers to changes in an organism due to unfolding and ripening of abilities,

characteristics, traits and potentialities present at birth. Learning denotes

the changes in behavior due to training and experience.

Principle of predictability

Development follows a pattern, which means we can make predictions about

a child's behavior and characteristics at different stages of their growth. We

can not only make general predictions, but also estimate the range within

which a child's future development will fall. For instance, by studying a

child's bone development, we can forecast their adult structure and size.

Principle of cephalocaudal and proximodistal tendencies

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal tendencies are found to be followed in

maintaining the orderly sequence and direction of developments.

According to cephalocaudal tendency, development proceeds in the

direction of the longitudinal axis, ie. head to foot. For example, before it

becomes able to stand, the child first gains control over his head and arms

and then on his legs. In terms of proximodistal tendency, development

proceeds from the near to the distant and the parts of the body near the
center develops before the extremities. For example, in the beginning the

child is seen to exercise control over the large fundamental muscles of the

arm and the hand and only afterwards the smaller muscles of the fingers.

Principle of spiral versus linear advancement

Development in children doesn't happen in a straight line or at a constant

pace. Instead, it occurs in a pattern where progress is made and then

consolidated before moving forward again. This development follows a spiral-

like pattern, where the child moves forward, steps back, and then moves

forward again.

Therefore,

 Development is a continuous process, so the teacher should take

continuous efforts to achieve perfection in the various aspects of

development of the child.

 Development is an individualized process. So each child should be

helped along the developmental process with in the sphere of his

individual ability.

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