Question 1:

a)
The function u(t) is the unit step function, defined as:
u ( t )= {10forfortt<≥ 00.,
The Laplace transform of 𝑢(𝑡) is given by the integral:
∞
L { u ( t ) } =∫ e
−st
.1 dt
0

This simplifies to:

[ ]
∞ ∞
−e−st
L { u ( t ) } =∫ e
−st
dt=
0
s 0

Evaluating the limits:

(
L { u ( t ) } = 0−
−1 1
s )
= , for s >0
s
Thus,
1
L {u ( t ) }=
s
b)

The Laplace transform of 𝑡𝑢(𝑡) is:

∞
L { tu ( t ) }=∫ e
−st
.t dt
0

Using the integration by parts formula, we get:

[ ]
∞ ∞
−te−st e−st
L { tu ( t ) } ¿ +∫ dt
s 0 0 s

[ ]
∞
−te −st
The boundary term evaluates to zero, and the remaining integral becomes:
s 0
1
L { tu ( t ) }= 2
s
c)

The Laplace transform of sin(ωt)𝑢(𝑡) is:

∞
L { sin ( ωt ) u ( t ) }=∫ e
−st
.sin ( ωt ) dt
0

To solve this, we use the standard Laplace transform of sin(ωt):

 ω
L { sin ( ωt ) }= 2 2
s +ω
Thus, the Laplace transform of sin(ωt)𝑢(𝑡) is:
ω
L { sin ( ωt ) u (t) } = 2 2
s +ω
d)

The Laplace transform of cos(ωt)𝑢(𝑡) is:

∞
L { cos ( ωt ) u ( t ) }=∫ e
−st
. cos ( ωt ) dt
0

To solve this, we use the standard Laplace transform of cos(ωt):

s
L { cos ( ωt ) } = 2 2
s +ω
Thus, the Laplace transform of cos(ωt)𝑢(𝑡) is:
s
L { cos ( ωt ) u(t ) }= 2 2
s +ω

Question 2:
a)
−at
f ( t )=e sin (ωt )u( t)
We use the standard Laplace transform of sin(ωt):
ω
L { sin ( ωt ) }= 2 2
s +ω
Frequency Shifting Property for e−at f (t ):

L {e−at f ( t ) }=F (s+ a)

Apply the frequency shifting property for the term:
ω
L {e sin ( ωt ) u (t ) }=
−at
2 2
(s +a) +ω
b)
−at
f ( t )=e cos(ωt)u(t)
We use the standard Laplace transform of cos(ωt):
s
L { cos ( ωt ) } = 2 2
s +ω
Frequency Shifting Property for e−at f (t):
 L {e−at f ( t ) }=F (s+ a)
Apply the frequency shifting property for the term:
s+ a
L {e cos ( ωt ) u ( t ) }=
−at
2 2
(s+ a) + ω

c)

The Laplace transform of t n is given by the formula:

n!
L { t }=
n
n+1
s
Therefore,
3! 6
L {t }=
3
3+1
= 4
s s

Question 3:
a)
For a series RLC circuit, the governing differential equation relating the input voltage v(t) to the
current i(t) is given by:
d(i) 1
v ( t )=L + Ri ( t ) + ∫ i ( t ) d ( t)
dt C
Given v(t)=u(t) (the unit step), this becomes:
d (i) 1
u ( t )=L + Ri ( t ) + ∫ i ( t ) d (t)
dt C
Taking the derivative of both sides:
2
d (i) di ( t ) 1
0=L 2
+R + i(t)
dt dt C
Substituting the values of L, R, and C:
2
d (i) di ( t )
0.5 2
+ +8 i ( t ) =0
dt dt
b)

We take the Laplace transform of the entire equation assuming zero initial conditions 𝑖(0)=0 and
d(i)/d(t)=0:
1
0.5 ( s I ( s ) ) + sI ( s ) +8 I ( s ) =
2
s
Factor I(s) on the left-hand side:
 2 1
I (s )(0.5 s +s +8)=
s
Now solve for I(s):
1
I (s )= 2
s (0.5 s +s +8)
Simplify the denominator:
2
I (s )= 2
s (s +2 s+ 16)
c)
Now we find the inverse Laplace transform of I(s).
We can break it down using partial fraction decomposition:
2 A Bs+C
I ( s )= = + 2
s ( s 2+2 s+16 ) s s + 2 s+16

The inverse Laplace transform of this expression will yield:

−t
i (t )=1−e cos ⁡(4 t)
This is the current i(t) for the RLC circuit.

Question 4:
a)
Given Differential Equation:
dx
+7 x=5 cos ⁡(2 t)
dt
Taking the Laplace transform:
2
sX ( s ) +7 X ( s )=5. 2
s +4
10
X ( s ) ( s +7 ) = 2
s +4
10
X ( s) =
( s+7 ) (s 2 +4 )
Now, decompose:
10 A Bs +C
= + 2
2
( s +7 ) (s + 4) s+ 7 (s + 4)
By solving we get:
 −10 70
s+
10 /53 53 53
X ( s) = +
s +7 2
(s +4 )
Applying the inverse transform:
10 −7t 10 35
x (t )= e − cos ( 2t ) + sin ⁡(2t )
53 53 53
b)
Given Differential Equation
2
d x dx
2
+ 6 +8 x=5 sin ⁡( 3t )
dt dt
By Applying Laplace transform:

2 3
s X ( s ) +6 sX ( s )+ 8 X ( s )=5. 2
s +9
By simplification:
15
X ( s) = 2 2
(s +9)(s +6 s +8)
Decomposing:
15 As+ B C D
= + +
( s +9 ) ( s +6 s+8 ) s + 9 s+ 2 s +4
2 2 2

Multiplying through by the denominator:

15=( As+ B )( s+2 ) ( s +4 ) +C ( s 2+ 9 ) ( s +4 ) + D(s2 +9)(s+2)

After performing partial inverse Laplace transform, we get:
5 1 −2 t 1 −2 t
x (t )= sin (3 t )− e sin ( 3 t )− e cos ⁡(3 t)
10 20 20
c)
Given Differential Equation
2
d x dx
2
+ 8 +25 x=10 u(t)
dt dt
By Applying Laplace transform:

2 10
s X ( s ) +8 sX ( s )+ 25 X ( s )=
s
By simplification:
10
X ( s) = 2
s(s + 8 s+ 25)
Complete the square:
 2 2 2
s +8 s+25=(s+ 4) +3
Now we have:
10
X ( s) = 2 2
s((s+ 4) + 3 )
Using the inverse Laplace transforms:

x (t )=10 ¿

Question 5:
a)
Given Differential Equation
2
d x dx
2
+ 2 + 2 x=sin ⁡(2 t)
dt dt
Initial conditions are x(0) =4, x'(0)=-4
Now, take the Laplace transform of the differential equation:

2 ' 2
s X ( s )−sx ( 0 )−x ( 0 )+ 2 ( sX ( s )−x ( 0 ) ) + 2 X ( s ) = 2
s +4
By plugging in the initial’s values and simplification:

2 2
s X ( s ) +2 sX ( s ) +2 X ( s )= 2
+ 4 s+(−4)+ 2(4 )
s +4
2
2
+ 4 s+ 4
s +4
X ( s) = 2
s +2 s+ 2
Let's simplify this expression by writing it as:
2 4 s +4
X ( s) = 2 2
+ 2
(s +4)( s + 2 s+2) (s + 2 s+2)
For first term, we assume the decomposition of the form:
2 As+B Cs+ D
2 2
= 2 + 2
( s + 4)(s +2 s +2) s +4 s +2 s+ 2
From the partial fraction decomposition, the inverse Laplace transform is:
−1 1 1 3
s− s+
2 5 5 5 5
2 2
= 2 + 2
( s + 4)(s +2 s +2) s +4 s +2 s+ 2
The second term directly correspond to after inverse Laplace transform:
 L
−1
( 2
4 s+ 4
(s +2 s+2)
−t
)
=4 e (cos ( t ) +sin ⁡(t))

Now, combining all the terms, we get the final solution for x(t):
−1 1 −t 21 23
x (t )= cos ( 2t )− sin ( 2 t )+ e ( cos ( t ) + sin ⁡(t))
5 5 5 5
b)
Given differential equation is:

2
d x dx −2 t
2
+ 2 + 2 x=5 e +t
dt dt
With initial conditions x (0) =4 and x’(0)=1.
Using the Laplace transform
2 ' 5 1
s X ( s )−sx ( 0 )−x ( 0 )+ 2 ( sX ( s )−x ( 0 ) ) + 2 X ( s ) = + 2
s+2 s
By plugging in the initial values:
5 1
X ( s ) ( s +2 s +1 )=
2
+ 2 +4 s+ 9
s +2 s
5 1
+ 2 + 4 s+ 9
s +2 s
X ( s) = 2
s + 2 s+1
By simplification:
5 1 4 s+ 9
X ( s) = 2
+ 2 2
+ 2
(s +2)(s +1) s (s+ 1) (s +1)
Using partial fraction decomposition and then find the inverse Laplace transform.
−2 t −t −t 2 −t
x (t )=5 e −5 e +5 t e + t e
c)
Given differential equation is:
2
d x 2
2
−4 x=t
dt
with initial conditions x(0)=2, and x’(0)=3.
Taking the Laplace transform of both sides, we get:

2 ' 2
s X ( s )−sx ( 0 )−x ( 0 )+ 4 ( sX ( s )−x ( 0 ) ) = 3
s
By plugging in the initial conditions:
2
3
+2 s+3
s
X ( s) = 2
s −4
By simplification:

2 2 s+3
X ( s) = 3
+ 2
s (s+ 2)(s−2) s −4
Using partial fraction decomposition and then find the inverse Laplace transform.
1 −2 t 7 2 t 1
x (t )= e + e − sinh ⁡(2 t)
4 4 4

Question 6:
a)

syms t s
angle_rad = deg2rad(45);
f_a = 8 * t^2 * cos(3 * t + angle_rad);
F_a = laplace(f_a, t, s);
disp('Laplace Transform of f(t) = 8t^2 * cos(3t + 45°):');
disp(F_a);

Laplace Transform of f(t) = 8t^2 * cos(3t + 45°):

4*2^(1/2)*(6/(s^2 + 9)^2 - (24*s^2)/(s^2 + 9)^3) -
4*2^(1/2)*((6*s)/(s^2 + 9)^2 - (8*s^3)/(s^2 + 9)^3)

b)

syms t s
angle_rad = deg2rad(60);
f = 3 * t * exp(-2*t) * sin(4*t + angle_rad);
F = laplace(f, t, s);
disp('Laplace Transform of f(t) = 3t * e^{-2t} * sin(4t + 60°):');
disp(F);

Laplace Transform of f(t) = 3t * e^{-2t} * sin(4t + 60°):

(6*(2*s + 4))/((s + 2)^2 + 16)^2 - (3*3^(1/2)*(1/((s + 2)^2 + 16) - ((2*s + 4)*(s
+ 2))/((s + 2)^2 + 16)^2))/2

Question 7:
a)

syms s t

G = ((s^2 + 3*s + 10)*(s + 5)) / ((s + 3)*(s + 4)*(s^2 + 2*s + 100));

g_t = ilaplace(G, s, t);
disp('Inverse Laplace Transform of G(s):');
disp(g_t);

Inverse Laplace Transform of G(s):

(20*exp(-3*t))/103 - (7*exp(-4*t))/54 + (5203*exp(-t)*(cos(3*11^(1/2)*t) -
(11^(1/2)*sin(3*11^(1/2)*t))/57233))/5562

b)

syms s t
G = (s^3 + 4*s^2 + 2*s + 6) / ((s + 8) * (s^2 + 8*s + 3) * (s^2 + 5*s + 7));
g_t = ilaplace(G, s, t);
disp('Inverse Laplace Transform of G(s):');
disp(g_t);

Inverse Laplace Transform of G(s):

(1199*exp(-4*t)*(cosh(13^(1/2)*t) -
(4262*13^(1/2)*sinh(13^(1/2)*t))/15587))/417 -
(65*exp(-(5*t)/2)*(cos((3^(1/2)*t)/2) +
(131*3^(1/2)*sin((3^(1/2)*t)/2))/15))/4309 - (266*exp(-8*t))/93

Question 8:
Assuming zero initial conditions:

[s 3 Y ( s )−s 2 y ( 0 ) −s y ' ( 0 )− y (0) + 3 ( s 2 Y(s) - sy (0) -y'(0)) + 5( sY (s) - y(0))+Y(s) = s 3 X(s) - s 2 x(0) - sx '(0) -
Rearranging and combining like terms:
3 2 3 2 2
[s Y ( s ) +3 s Y ( s )+5 sY ( s ) +Y ( s )=s X ( s ) + 4 s X ( s )+ 6 sX ( s ) +8 X ( s )+ s y ( 0 ) +3 sy ( 0 )+ 5 y ( 0 )+ sy '(0)+3 y '(0)+
Now, we can factor out the Laplace transforms of the derivatives and substitute(Y(s)) and (X(s)) with
(H(s)):
¿

Now, we can express the transfer function(H(s)) as:

Y (s ) s 3 +4 s 2+6 s+ 8
H ( s )= =
X (s) s 3+3 s2 +5 s+1

Question 9:
a)

X ( s ) ( s2 +5 s +10 ) =7 F ( s )

( s2 X ( s ) +5 sX ( s )+ 10 X ( s ) )=7 F ( s )
2
d x dx
2
+ 5 + 10 x ( t )=7 f (t)
dt dt
b)

X ( s ) ( s2 +21 s +11 0 ) =15 F ( s )

( s2 X ( s ) +21 sX ( s )+1 10 X ( s ) ) =15 F ( s )

2
d x dx
2
+ 21 +1 1 0 x ( t )=15 f (t)
dt dt
c)

X ( s)(s ¿ ¿ 3+11s +12 s+ 8)=(s+3) F( s) ¿

2

3 2
s X ( s ) +11s X ( s )+ 12 sX ( s ) +8 X ( s )=sF (s)+3 F(s)
3
d x d x
2
dx d f (t)
3
+ 11 2 +12 +8 x (t )= +3 f (t)
dt dt dt dt