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Functions Parts I & II

mathematics introduction to functions

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Basma Mostafa
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6 views18 pages

Functions Parts I & II

mathematics introduction to functions

Uploaded by

Basma Mostafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

AND INFORMATICS

MATHEMATICS - 0

FUNCTIONS

Dr. Basma Mostafa


Computer Science Department

Mathematics - 0 1
Chapter 2: Functions

FUNCTIONS

2.1 Functions and Function Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Graphs of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3 Composite Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4 One-to-One Functions and Inverse Functions . . . . . . . . .


Introduction to
Functions and
Function Notation
Introduction to
Functions and
Function Notation
• Definition: A function is a relationship
between variables, where each input
corresponds to a unique output.

• Examples:
• Sphere volume formula: V = (4/3) π
(input = radius, output = volume)
• Triangle area formula: A = (1/2) b.h
(input = base, height, output = area)
Understanding Input
and Output
• Natural Input/Output
Relationships:
• Example: A = π for a circle's
area (input = radius, output =
area).
• Reverse scenario: Designing a
sphere given a volume.
What is a Function?
• Definition: A function assigns
exactly one output to each input.

• Key Concept: Uniqueness of


output.

• Examples:
– Volume of a sphere: V = π
– Area of a triangle: A = b h
The Black Box View of Functions

• Visualization: Imagine a
function as a black box
where the input goes in, and
a unique output comes out.

• Example: Squaring a
number as a black-box
process.
Function Notation
• How to Write a Function: f(x) represents a
function named f with input x.

• Examples:
• f(x) = (squaring function)
• S(x) = (squaring function using the letter S)
Mapping Diagrams
• It is sometimes helpful to view functions/non-functions in
terms of mapping diagrams, as illustrated below.
Vertical Line Test;
y is a Function of x

• Vertical Line Test: Used to


determine if y is a function of x.
• If every vertical line intersects
the graph at most once, then it’s
a function.

• Example: Graph of y = +1
Horizontal Line Test;
x is a Function of y
Horizontal Line Test: Determines if x is a function of y.

Associated to each `input' y there is a


unique `output' x, so in this case, x is a
function of y.

• Example: x = +1
Non-Function Relationships (1)

Example:

The equation = 9 does not


describe y as a function of x (fails
vertical line test).
Non-Function Relationships (2)

Consider the equation 1.


Suppose x is viewed as the 'output',
motivating us to solve for x
Non-Function Relationships (3)
• Equation rearrangement:
y- =1⟺ =y-1

• Square root step:


x = ±√(y - 1)
Explanation: Take square roots, correctly!

14
Non-Function Relationships (4)
• For an allowable input y, there are two
possible outputs:
x = +√(y - 1) and x = -√(y - 1)

• Explanation: This means we do not obtain a


unique output value.

15
Non-Function Relationships (5)
• Although y is a function of x in this
equation, x is not a function of y.

• The graph of y - = 1 does not pass the


horizontal line test.

16
Key Takeaways

• Functions define a unique output for each input.

• Graphical tests (vertical and horizontal line tests)


help determine if a relation is a function.
EXERCISE
Consider the graphs shown below. Which ones describe y as a
function of x? Which ones describe x as a function of y?

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