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Linear Functions

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7 views

Linear Functions

Uploaded by

amajobe34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 11 Maths

Charmaine
Functions
Functions of the form y = mx + c are called straight line functions. In the
equation, y = mx + c, m and c are constants and have different effects on the
graph of the function.
m is the gradient
As m increases, the gradient of the graph increases.
If m > 0 then the graph increases from left to right (slopes upwards).
If m < 0 then the graph increases from right to left (slopes downwards)

c is the y intercept
If c > 0 the graph shifts vertically upwards.
If c < 0 the graph shifts vertically downwards.

Functions
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Functions

Functions
Example: Functions
Sketch the graph of 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1 using the dual intercept method

Step 1: Examine the standard form of the equation


In this example, 𝑚 = 1 in other words 𝑚 > 0. This means the graph increases as x
increases

Step 2: Calculate the intercepts


For the y-intercept, let x = 0; therefore g(0) = -1.
This gives the point (0; -1).

For the x-intercept, let y = 0; therefore x = 1.


This gives the point (1; 0).

Functions
Example: Functions
Step 3: Plot the points and draw the graph

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Example: Functions
!
Sketch the graph of 𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3 using the gradient-intercept method.
"
Step 1: Use the intercept
c = -3, which gives the point (0; -3).

Step 2: Use the gradient


𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 1
𝑚= =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2

Start at (0; -3). Move 1 unit up and 2 units to the right. This gives the second
point (2; -2).

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Example: Functions
Step 3: Plot the points and draw the graph

Functions
Exercise: Functions
1. Determine the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the following
equations.
a) y = x - 1 b) y = x + 2 c) y = x - 3
2. Write the following in standard form (y = mx + c):
a) 2y + 3x = 1 b) 3x - y = 5
c) 3y - 4 = x d) y + 2x - 3 = 1

Functions
Exercise: Functions
3. Look at the graphs below. Each graph is labelled with a letter. In the
questions that follow, match any given equation with the label of a
corresponding graph.
a) y = 5 - 2x b) x + 5 c) y = 2x - 6
!
d) y = -3x e) y = 1 f) y = " 𝑥

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For the functions in the diagram below,
give the equation of each line:

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Solutions: Functions
1. a) x-intercept = 1 and y-intercept = -1
b) x-intercept = -2 and y-intercept = 2
c) x-intercept = 3 and y-intercept = -3
# !
2. a) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 +
" "

b) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 5
! $
c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
# #

d) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4

Functions
Solutions: Functions
3.
a) E b) A c) B
d) F e) D f) C
4.
!
a) 𝑎 𝑥 = − " 𝑥 + 3
!
b) 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 6
#

c) 𝑐 𝑥 = 3
!
d) 𝑑 𝑥 = − 𝑥
"

Functions
Functions: Inverse
The inverse of a function takes the y-values (range) of the function to
the corresponding x-values (domain) and vice versa. Therefore the x
and y values are interchanged.

The function is reflected along the line y = x to form the inverse.

The notation for the inverse of a function is 𝑓 #! .

Functions
Functions: Inverse
Given f(x) = 2x + 6. Determine 𝑓 !" (x). Sketch the graphs of f(x), 𝑓 !" (x) and y = x on the same set of
axis.
Step 1: Swap the x and y
y = 2x + 6 becomes x = 2y + 6
Step 2: Make y the subject of the formula
2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 6
1
𝑦 = 𝑥−6
2

1
𝑦 = 𝑥−3
2

1
∴ 𝑓 !" = 𝑥−3
2

Functions
Functions: Inverse
Every point on the function has the same coordinates as the
corresponding point on the inverse function, except that they are
swapped around. For example: (–3; 0) on the function is reflected to
become (0; –3) on the inverse function.

Functions

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