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22 views3 pages

Samiiiiii

Uploaded by

samiyeermi219
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

There are five basic operations of computer syste


1. Inputting
It is a process by which a user enters any type of data into a computer system.Inputting is the first
basic operations of computer system.Input devices are used to provide information to the
computer.For example, your mouse or keyboard may be an input device. You can also use the
camera to take pictures or videos and then upload them to your PC.
2. Processing
It is the second basic operations of a computer system. In simple language, the processing means,
when the computer system starts executing the instructions given by the user, then this process is
called processing.• It is the component of a computer that does most of the work in terms of
processing.• The processor reads and writes information to and from the hard disk and sends
messages to other components in the computer like the monitor.
3. Outputting
It is the third basic operations of computer. In simple language, outputting means, the result of
instruction given by a user is called output. Whatever input is given by the user computer, then the
output result of that input is outputting.• Input/output devices are responsible for the computer's
interaction with the physical world. For instance, a keyboard or mouse are input/output devices.
4. Storing
It is the fourth basic operations of computer system. Storing means, the output result that comes
after executing the instruction given by a user, and storing that output result.• The CPU is
responsible for storing data in your computer's memory, which is where the data is stored when
you type it into a word document or open an image.
5. Controlling
It is the fifth basic operations of computer .• Controlling means the combinations of all computer
operations.• Controlling is a type of process that monitors the instruction given by the user from
the time it is executed to the output result. This process itself is called controlling.• In simple
language, controlling means monitoring, which device is doing its work or not.In a basic computer
system, the monitoring work is done by the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).

2. Difference between scanner and Photocopy machine Scanner:


- A scanner is primarily used to convert physical documents or images into digital format.
- It captures the content of a document or image and creates a digital file that can be stored,
edited, or shared electronically.
- Scanners come in various types, including flatbed scanners, sheet-fed scanners, and handheld
scanners.
- Scanners are commonly used for tasks such as scanning documents, photos, artwork, and other
paper-based materials.
- Scanners typically provide options for adjusting resolution, color settings, and file formats to
suit the user's needs.
- The output of a scanner is a digital file, such as a PDF, JPEG, or TIFF.

2. Photocopier:
- A photocopier, also known as a copy machine or copier, is designed specifically to produce
duplicate copies of physical documents.
- It works by using a bright light to scan the original document and then transferring the image
onto a blank piece of paper through a process involving static electricity, light, and toner or ink.

3. Statistical software has some common characteristics that make it reliable and suitable for
data analysis:
There is availability of menu bar comprises drop-down menu, quick analysis as well as brief user
manual.
A toolbar is part of a window, often a bar across the top, that contains buttons that execute
commands when you click them.

4. Three most important components of Excel is which you need to understand first:

Cell: A cell is a smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. We can enter our data into a cell
either by typing or by copy-paste.Worksheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which
can contain a value, a formula, or text. We can rename the sheet names to more meaningful names
by double clicking on it.Workbook: A workbook is a collection of worksheet. Each workbook
contains one or more worksheets.

5. Four SPSS windows

i. Data editor window This window opens automatically when you start SPSS. It displays the
contents of the current (working) data file. The window has two views Data view: displays the
data in a spreadsheet format with variable names listed for column headings. Variable view:
which displays information about the variables in your data set.
In both views, you can add, change, and delete information that is contained in the data file.The
Data Editor displays the contents of the active data file. The information in the data editor consists
of variables and cases.In Data View, columns represent variables, and rows represent cases
(observations).In Variable View, each row is a variable, and each column is an attribute that is
associated with that variable.

ii. Output/Viewer window


This window displays the results of any statistical procedures that we run and other text. In
particular, tables, statistics, and charts are displayed in the Viewer window This window is not
accessible until output has been generated.

iii. Chart window


This window is used to edit charts and plots. It is only displayed after SPSS has been requested
to produce a plot. We can use this window to change the colors, select different type fonts or
sizes, rotate axes, change the chart type, and the like by double clicking the chart in an output
navigator window.

v. Syntax window Most SPSS commands are accessible from the SPSS menus and dialog boxes.
However, some commands and options are available only by using the SPSS command language.
In this case the Syntax Window is used. The Easiest way to create syntax is to use Paste button
located on most dialog box.

6. The major difference between the versions is the number of variables allowed in memory,
which is limited to 2,047 in standard Stata/IC, but can be much larger in Stata/SE or Stata/MP.The
only limit is the amount of RAM on your computer. Stata/MP is the largest and fastest versions of
Stata. Easy to export and import data. Tasks we want to perform in Stata:
Data management
Create a new data set, Opening a data set, Merge different data sets, Label and structure variables.
Data analysis
Using some descriptive statistics, making some graphs, tables and

doing a correlation and regression analysis.

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