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Lec-03 (DataTypes and Varibles)

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16 views3 pages

Lec-03 (DataTypes and Varibles)

Uploaded by

muzammilahmadd1106
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Constants and Variables

In C++, constants and variables are essential for storing data. Here's a breakdown of each, along
with examples, data types, memory sizes, and practice questions.

Constants

Constants are fixed values that do not change during the execution of a program. You define a
constant using the const keyword or #define preprocessor directive.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
const int days_in_week = 7; // Constant variable
cout << "Days in a week: " << days_in_week << endl;
// DAYS_IN_WEEK = 8; // This would cause a compilation error
return 0;
}

Variables

Variables are storage locations with a name that can hold data and may change throughout the
program's execution. You must declare a variable with a specific data type.

Data Types and Memory Sizes:

1. int: Integer type, typically 4 bytes.

int age = 25;

2. float: Single-precision floating-point, typically 4 bytes.

float salary = 3000.50;

3. double: Double-precision floating-point, typically 8 bytes.

double pi = 3.14159;

4. char: Character type, typically 1 byte.

char grade = 'A';

5. bool: Boolean type (true or false), typically 1 byte.

bool isPassed = true;


6. string: String type (part of the C++ Standard Library), varies in size.

string name = "John Doe";

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int age = 30;
float height = 5.9f;
double weight = 70.5;
char initial = 'J';
bool isStudent = false;
string name = "Alice";

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;


cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
cout << "Height: " << height << " ft" << endl;
cout << "Weight: " << weight << " kg" << endl;
cout << "Initial: " << initial << endl;

return 0;
}

Practice Questions

1. Declare an integer variable num and assign it the value of 10. Print it.
2. Create a constant PI with the value 3.14 and print it.
3. Define a float variable distance and assign it a value. Print it with a message.
4. Create a string variable city and assign your city name to it. Print it.

Solution
Assignment Questions [20 Marks]

1. Write a C++ program that declares a variable for storing your favorite book's title and
prints it.
2. Create a program that calculates and displays the area of a rectangle using variables for
length and width.
3. Modify the previous rectangle program to use constants for the dimensions if they don't
change.
4. Create a simple C++ program that prompts the user for their first and last names, and
prints a welcome message using string variables.
5. Create a simple C++ calculator -perform following Operations

1.Addition 2. Subtraction 3. multiplication 4. Division

6. Write C++ Program and calculate following formulas

1. c = (a * a) + (b * b); 2. num = 1 / ( x * (x + y));

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