AVERAGE

AVERAGE

Average is a very simple topic and just involves simple mathematical

calculations. Average concept has various applications.
Average is just a mean value of all the given observations or we can say it is
an arithmetic mean of observations.
Average = Sum of all observations
Number of observations
Sum of n consecutive natural numbers
= n(n+1)
2

EXAMPLE 1: Find an average of following observations: 3, 4, 8, 12, 2, 5, 1

Solution:
Average = Sum of all observations
Number of observations
= 3 + 4 + 8 + 12 + 2 + 5 + 1
7
= 35 / 7
Thus, Average = 5

Properties of Average
i) Average lies between maximum and minimum observation.
ii) If value of each observation is multiplied by some value ‘N’, then
average will also be multiplied by the same value i.e. N.
For example: If the set of observations is 3, 4, 8, 12, 2, 5, 1. If 2 is
multiplied with all observations, then new observations will be as follows: 6,
8, 16, 24, 4, 10, 2
= 6 + 8 + 16 + 24 + 4 + 10 + 2
5
= 70 / 5
= 10 = 2(5) = 2 × Old Average
iii) If value of each observation is increased or decreased by some number,
then average will also be increased or decreased by the same number.
For example: Continuing with 3, 4, 8, 12, 2, 5, 1. If 2 is added to all
observations, then new observations will be as follows: 5, 6, 10, 14, 4, 7, 3
New Average = 49/7 = 7 = 5 + 2 = 2 + Old Average
iv) Similarly, if each observation is divided by some number, then average
will also be divided by same number.
For example: If 2 is divided from all observations 3, 4, 8, 12, 2, 5, 1, then
new observations will be as follows:
1.5, 2, 4, 6, 1, 2.5, 0.5
New Average = 17.5 / 5 = 3.5 = 7 / 2 = Old Average / 2

EXAMPLE 2: Find an average of first 20 natural numbers.

Solution: Sum of first 20 natural numbers
 AVERAGE

we know that Sum of n consecutive natural numbers

= n(n+1)
2
Therefore, Sum of first 20 natural numbers = [ 20 ( 20 + 1) ] / 2
= [ 20 x 21 ] / 2
= 10 x 21
= 210

Therefore Average = Sum of all observations

Number of observations
= 210 / 20
= 10.5

EXAMPLE 3: Out of three numbers, second number is twice the first and is
also thrice the third. If average of these numbers if 44, then find the largest
number.
Solution:
Let ‘x‘ be the third number.
According to question, second number = thrice of the 3rd number =
3x
Also, 2nd number is twice of the 1st number.
So 1st number is half of the 2nd number = 3x/2

Now, average of the 3 numbers = ( x + 3x + [3x/2] ) / 3

But given that the average = 44
Therefore 44 = ( x + 3x + [3x/2] ) / 3
44 × 3 = ( x + 3x + [3x/2] )
132 = ( [ 2x + 6x + 3x ] / 2 ) { Taking LCM on the RHS }
132 x 2 = 11x
x = 264 / 11
x = 24

So, largest number i.e. 3x = 72

EXAMPLE 4: Average of four consecutive even numbers is 27. Find the

numbers.
Solution:
Let x, x+2, x+4 and x+6 be the four consecutive even numbers.
According to question, [ ( x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 ) ] / 4 = 27
4x + 12 = 27 x 4
4x + 12 = 108
4x = 108 - 12
4x = 96
x = 96 / 4
x = 24
 AVERAGE

Using this value of x, the four numbers (x) + (x+2) + (x+4) + (x+6)
are 24, 26, 28, 30.

EXAMPLE 5: The average monthly salary of 12 workers and 3 managers in

a factory was Rs. 600. When one of the managers whose salary was Rs. 720,
was replaced with a new manager, the average salary of the team went
down to Rs. 580. What is the salary of the new manager?
Solution:
Total number of people = 12 + 3 = 15
Average Salary = 600
Therefore, total salary = 600 x 15 = 9,000

Now New Total = Old Total - Leaving salary + Entering Salary

= 9,000 - 720 + x

And New Average = 580

Therefore 580 = ( 9,000 - 720 + x ) /15

580 x 15 = 8280 + x
8700 = 8280 + x
8700 - 8280 = x
x = 420

Salary of the new manager = Rs. 420.

EXAMPLE 6: The average wage of a worker during a fortnight comprising

15 consecutive working days was Rs. 90 per day. During the first 7 days, his
average wage was Rs. 87/day and the average wage during the last 7 days
was Rs. 92/day. What was his wage on the 8th day?
Solution:
Total fees for 15 days = 15 x 90 = 1,350

Total fees in 1st 7 days = 87 x 7 = 609

Total fees in last 7 days = 92 x 7 = 644

Therefore, Fees for the 8th day = 1,350 - 609 - 644 = 97

EXAMPLE 7: A bike covers certain distance from A to B at 50 km/hr speed

and returns back to A at 56 km/hr. Find the average speed of the bike
during the whole journey.
Solution:
Let the distance between A and B = d
Therefore time taken going from A to B @ 50 kmph
= Distance / Speed = d / 50

Time taken for returning from B to A @ 56 kmph

 AVERAGE

= Distance / Speed = d / 56

Therefore, Total Distance = d + d = 2d

And Total Time = [ d / 50 ] + [ d / 56 ]
= { [ 56d + 50d ] / ( 50 x 56 ) } Taking LCM
= 106d / 2800

Average speed = Total Distance / Total Time

= 2d / ( 106d / 2800 )
= ( 2d x 2800 ) / 106d
= 5600 / 106
= 52.83 kmph

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

1) In the first 10 over’s of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What
should be the run rate in the remaining 40 over’s to reach the target of 282
runs?
a) 6.25 b) 6.50 c) 6.75 d) 7 e) None of these

2) A family consists of two grandparents, two parents and three

grandchildren. The average age of the grandparents is 67 years, that of the
parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. What is the
average age of the family?
a) 28 7/4 b) 31 7/4 c) 32 7/11 d) Data inadequate e) None of
these

3) A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs.
6562 for 5 consecutive months. How much sale must he have in the sixth
month so that he gets an average sale of Rs. 6500?
a) Rs. 4991 b) Rs.5991 c) Rs. 6001 d) Rs. 6991 e)
None of these

4) The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may
be greater than zero?
a) 0 b) 1 c) 10 d) 19 e) None of these

5) The average weight of 8 person’s increases by 2.5 kg when a new person

comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of
the new person?
a) 76Kg b) 76.5Kg c) 85Kg d) Data inadequate e) None of
these

6) The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the

wicket keeper is 3 years older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the
average age of the remaining players is one year less than the average age
of the whole team. What is the average age of the team?
 AVERAGE

a) 23 years b) 24 years c) 25years d) Data inadequate e)

None of these

7) The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs. 5050. The average monthly
income of Q and R is Rs. 6250 and the average monthly income of P and R is
Rs5200. The monthly income of P is:
a) 3500 b) 4000 c) 4050 d) 5000 e) None of these

8) The average age of husband, wife and their child 3 years ago was 27
years and that of wife and the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present
age of the husband is:
a) 35 years b) 40 years c) 50 years d) Data inadequate e)
None of these

9) A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per liter for three
successive years. What approximately is the average cost per liter of petrol
if he spends Rs. 4000 each year?
a) Rs. 7.98 b) Rs. 8 c) Rs. 8.50 d) Rs. 9 e) None of these

10) In Arum’s opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg.
His brother does not agree with Arum and he thinks that Arum’s weight is
greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His mother’s view is that his weight
cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are correct in their estimation,
what is the average of different probable weights of Arum?
a) 67 kg b) 68 kg c) 69 Kg. d) Data inadequate e) None of
these

11) The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg. If the average weight of A

and B be 40 kg and that of B and C be 43 kg, then the weight of B is:
a) 17 kg b) 20Kg c) 26Kg d) 31Kg e) None of these

12) The average weight of 16 boys in a class is 50.25 kg and that of the
remaining 8 boys is 45.15 kg. Find the average weights of all the boys in the
class.
a) 47.55 kg b) 48 kg c) 48.55 kg d) 49.25 kg e) None of
these

13) A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other
days. The average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days
beginning with a Sunday is:
a) 250 b) 276 c) 280 d) 285 e) None of
these

14) If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students

respectively is 50, 55, 60, then the average marks of all the students is:
 AVERAGE

a) 53.33 b) 54.68 c) 55 d) Data inadequate e) None of

these

15) A pupil’s marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that
the average marks for the class got increased by half [1/2 ]. The number of
pupils in the class is:
a) 10 b) 20 c) 40 d) 73 e) None of these

16) There are two sections A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44

students respectively. If the average weight of sections A is 40 kg and that
of section b is 35 kg. Find the average weight of the whole class?
a) 36.25 b) 37.25 c) 38.35 d) 39.25 e) None of these

17) A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus
increases his averages by 3.Find his average after 17th inning?
a) 19 b) 29 c) 39 d) 49 e) None of these

18) A Student was asked to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11,
7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17, 21, 14 and x. He found the mean to be 12. What
should be the number in place of x?
a) 3 b) 7 c) 17 d) 31 e) None of these

19) David obtained 76, 65, 82, 67 and 85 marks (out in 100) in 6 different
subjects. What are his average marks?
a) 65 b) 69 c) 72 d) 75 e) None of these

20) Distance between two stations A and B is 778 km. A train covers the
journey from A to B at 84 km per hour and returns back to A with a uniform
speed of 56km per hour. Find the average speed of the train during the
whole journey?
a) 67.0Km/hr b) 67.2Km/hr c) 69.0km/hr
d) 69.2km/hr e) None of these

21) The average age of boys in a class is 16 years and that of the girls is 15
years. The average age for the whole class is
a) 15 years b) 15.5 years c) 16 years
d) None of these e) cannot be computed

22) The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When teacher’s

age is included to it, the average increases by one, what is the teacher’s age
in years?
a) 31 b) 36 c) 51 d) 55 e) None of these

23) The average of five numbers is 27. If one number is excluded, the
average becomes 25. The excluded number is
a) 25 b) 27 c)30 d) 35 e) None of these
 AVERAGE

24) The batting average for 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. His
highest score exceeds his lowest score by 172 runs. If these two innings are
excluded, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48 runs. The highest
score of the player is
a) 165 runs b) 175 runs c) 172 runs d) 174 runs
e) None of these

25) The average score of a cricketer for ten matches is 38.9 runs. If the
average for the first six matches are 42. Then find the average for the last
four matches?
a) 33.25 b) 33.5 c) 34.25 d) 35 e) None of these

26) The average of six numbers is X and the average of three of these is Y. If
the average of the remaining three is z, then
a) x = y + z b) 2x= y + z c) x = 2y + 2z
d) Data inadequate e) None of these

27) A motorist travel to a place 150 km away at an average speed of 50

km/hr and returns at 30 km/hr. His average speed for the whole journey in
km/hr is
a) 30 b) 37 c) 37.5 d) 40 e) None of these

28) The average age of a husband and his wife was 23 years at the time of
their marriage. After five years they have a one year old child. The average
age of the family now is
a) 19 years b) 23 years c) 28.5years d) 29.3 years
e) None of these

29) In an examination, a pupil’s average marks were 63 per paper. If he had

obtained 20 more marks for his Geography paper and 2 more marks for his
history paper, his average per paper would have been 65. How many papers
were there in the examination?
a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 d) 11 e) None of these

30) The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is Rs.8000. The
average salary of 7 technicians is Rs.12000 and the average salary of the
rest is Rs.6000. The total number of workers in the workshop is
a) 20 b) 21 c) 22 d) 23 e) None of these

31) After replacing an old member by a new member, it was found that the
average age of five members of a club is the same as it was 3 years ago.
What is the difference between the ages of the replaced and the new
member?
a) 2 years b) 4 years c) 8 years d) 15 years e) None of these
 AVERAGE

32) Nine persons went to a hotel for taking their meals. Eight of them spent
Rs.12 each on their meals and the ninth spent Rs.8 more than the average
expenditure of all the nine. What was the total money spent by them?
a) Rs.117 b) 130 c) 145 d) 150 e)
None of these

33) The average of 25 results is 18. The average of first twelve of them is 14
and that of last twelve is 17. Find the thirteenth result.
a) 87 b) 78 c) 49 d) 55 e) None of these

34) A has 8 pencils, B has 10 pencils and C has 15 pencils, then the average
number of pencils with them:
a) 8 b) 10 c) 15 d) 11 e) None of these

35) A, B, C, D, E, F are the only six families in Indira Nagar. A, B, C, D, E

and F has 7, 8, 10, 13, 6 and 10 members in their families respectively. If 1
member from all the six families left their respective families to
accommodate themselves in the hostel of IIM Lucknow, then the average
number of members now in each family of Indira Nagar is :
a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 d) 13 e) None of these

36) The salary of A, B, C, D, E is Rs.8000, Rs.5000, Rs.11000, Rs.7000,

Rs.9000 per month respectively, then the average salary of A, B, C, D and E
per month is :
a) Rs.7000 b) 8000 c) Rs.8500 d) Rs.9000 e) None of these

37) The average presence of students in a class on Monday, Tuesday and

Wednesday is 30 and on the Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday is
28 then number of students who attended the class on Wednesday is, if the
average number of students on all the six days is 27 :
a) 24 b) 25 c) 20 d) 40 e) None of these

38) The average salary of 12 employees of STAR plus is Rs.18,000 per

month an d 15 employees of NDTV is Rs.16,000 per month. The average
salary of all the 27 employees is :
a) Rs.17,000 b) Rs.16,500 c) Rs.16,888.88
d) Data inadequate e) None of these

39) Sri Krishna took the chariot and started his journey from Mathura to
Gokul by his chariot at the speed of 40 km/hr and then, the same distance
he travelled onn his foot at the speed of 10 km/hr from Gokul to Brindaban.
Then he returned from Brindabann to Mathura via Gokul at the speed of 24
km/hr riding on the horse. The average speed of the whole trip is :
a) 20 km/hr b) 25 km/hr c) 19.2 km/hr
d) 18.5 km/hr e) None of these
 AVERAGE

40) The average age of 7 members of Patel’s family is 25 years. The average
age of the same family 3 years ago was :
a) 21 b) 22 c) 25 d) 28 e) None of these

41) The average salary of A, B is Rs.6000 and that of C, D and E is Rs.8000.

The average salary of all the 5 people is :
a) Rs.7200 b) Rs.7000 c) Rs.7500 d) Cannot be determine
e) None

42) 6 months ago the present age of the student of class 10th was 14 years.
6 months hence, the age of the same students will be :
a) 15 years b) 15 1/2 years c) 20 years d) Data inadequate e)
None of these

43) The average salary of Rajesh, Bahadur and Amir is Rs.8000 per month.
The average expenditure of Rajesh, Bahadur and Amir per month is
Rs.5000. The average savings of all the 3 persons per month is:
a) Rs.3000 b) Rs.5000 c) Rs.2500 d) Rs.9000 e) None of these

44) The average of first five multiples of 3 is :

a) 3 b) 9 c) 12 d) 15 e) None of these

45) The average of the two digit numbers, which remain the same when the
digits interchange their positions, is :
a) 33 b) 44 c) 55 d) 66 e) None of these

Answers : 1. Option A 2. Option E 3. Option A 4. Option D 5. Option C 6.

Option A 7. Option B 8. Option B 9. Option A 10. Option A 11. Option D 12.
Option C 13. Option D 14. Option B 15. Option C 16. Option B 17. Option C
18. Option B 19. Option D 20. Option B 21. Option D 22. Option C 23.
Option D 24. Option D 25. Option C 26. Option B 27. Option C 28. Option A
29. Option D 30. Option B 31. Option D 32. Option A 33. Option B 34. Option
D 35. Option A 36. Option B 37. Option D 38. Option C 39. Option C 40.
Option B 41. Option A 42. Option A 43. Option A 44. Option B 45. Option C