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AG31201
Module 2
Mechanical Power Transmission and Power Take-Off Drives

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➢ Bearings & Seals

➢ Belt Drives
➢ Chain Drives
➢ Power take off device

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Bearings & Seals

A mechanical member which supports load providing a relative motion

Turbocharger

Threshing drum
Car wheel
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Engine
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Bearing Classifications
Sliding contact / Plain bearing: sliding
between fixed and rotating member, leading to
friction, and heating
Rolling Contact bearing/ Anti friction bearing:
balls/rollers interposed between fixed and
rotating member

Radial bearing: Cycle pedal

Axial/Thrust bearing: Drone fan

Source: Mechanical Design Engineering

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Handbook
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Bearing Classifications
Solid bush bearing:

Split bush bearing:

Source: Mechanical Design Engineering

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Handbook
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Bearing Classifications

Boundary lubricated: No lubricant present (low speed, and heavy load)

Mixed film: lubricant is present, working surface partially contact each other at least
part of the time (Engine parts in splash lubrication system)
Hydrodynamic: working surfaces are completely separated (large propulsion m/c)
Hydrostatic: pressurized lubricating oil is supplied to support steady load, without
relative motion ( pressurized lubrication system)
Magnetic bearing: supports a load using magnetic levitation (compressor, AC dyno)
Source: Mechanical Design Engineering
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Handbook
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Hydrodynamic bearing

Source: Machine Design Book

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. by Robert L Norton
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Bearing material properties

Tin babbit

Lead babbit

Lead bronze

Copper lead

Source: Machine Design Book

by R.S. Khurmi
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Lubricants
Objectives:
➢ Reduce friction
➢ Carry away heat released due to friction
➢ Protection against corrosion
Types:
➢ Liquid e.g.: mineral oil, synthetic oils
➢ Semi-liquid e.g.: grease ( high viscosity, high pressure, no oil dripping)
➢ Solid e.g.: graphite (under extreme temperature & pressure)
Properties:
➢ Viscosity
➢ Oiliness
➢ Density
➢ Flash/Fire point
➢ Pour/ Freeze point
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Design of Plain bearings

D = diameter of bearing
d = diameter of journal
L = length of bearing
Z = Absolute viscosity of the lubricant, in kg/m-s,
N = Speed of the journal in rpm.,
p = Bearing pressure on the projected bearing
area in N/mm2, (Load on the journal ÷ l × d)

Diametral clearance (c) = D – d

(0.025mm per cm of journal diameter)
Radial clearance (c1) = R – r
Diametral clearance ratio = c/d
Bearing characteristics number = ZN/p
Source: Machine Design Book
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. by Robert L Norton
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Design of Plain bearings

McKee relation

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
k= 0.002 for l / d ratios of 0.75 to 2.8 Source: Machine Design Book
by Robert L Norton
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA The Tribology Handbook

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Bearings & Seals

Design value for journal bearings

Heat Generated in a Journal Bearing =

Heat dissipated in a Journal Bearing =

Heat taken away by lubricating oil =

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Design value for journal bearings

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

The load on the journal bearing of a centrifugal pump is 20 kN, with a shaft speed of 900
r.p.m.. SAE10 (absolute viscosity at 55°C = 0.017 kg / m-s) is used as the lubricating oil.
Design the journal bearing and calculate the mass of oil required for cooling if maximum
temperature rise is limited to 10°C.
Ambient temperature of oil = 15.5°C ; Heat dissipation coefficient = 1232 W/m2/°C
Maximum bearing pressure= 1.5 N / mm2.

Answer:
W = 20 kN, N = 900 rpm, Toil=55° C, Z = 0.017 kg/m-s, Tchange = 10°C,
Tambient = 15.5°C, C = 1232 W/m2/°C, Pmax = 1.5 N/mm2

Assuming, diameter of journal, d = 100 mm,

From table, 1< l/d <2 , lets take = 1.6, length of bearing = 1.6*100 = 160 mm
Bearing pressure = W/(l*d) = 20000/(160*100) = 1.25 N/mm2, lower than maximum pressure
Bearing characteristic number = ZN/p = (0.017 * 900)/1.25 = 12.24
From Table, 3K = ZN/p = 28, K = 28/3 = 9.33, Calculated is higher than K

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

From Table, c/d = 0.0013

, k= 0.002

From Table, u = 0.0051

= 480.7 W

= 389.3 W

Amount of cooling required = 480.7 – 389.3 = 91.4 W

= m x 1900 x 10

m = 0.288 kg/min

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings
Research Scope

Prediction of Heat Generation in

Transmission Bearings by
Application of FEM
Aleksandar Miltenović, Vojislav
Miltenović, Žarko Mišković and
Radivoje Mitrović

Performance Optimization of a Multi-

groove Water Lubricated Journal
Bearing with Partial Slip by Taguchi
Analysis

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Rolling bearings

Advantages:
➢ Low starting & running friction at
high speed
➢ Can bear momentary shock load
➢ Low maintenance, low lubrication
➢ Accuracy of shaft alignment
➢ Easy use
Disadvantages: ???
Source: Machine Design Book
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. by R.S. Khurmi
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Rolling bearings

Bearing designation:

Assignment:
Find out the bearing
specifications for roller
bearing (1411S)
Source: Machine Design Book
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. by R.S. Khurmi
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Bearings & Seals

Equivalent load for roller bearings
Fr : Radial load
F = (X0Fr+Y0Fa) fsi Fa : Axial or Thrust load
fsi : Shock & impact factor
X0 : Radial factor, Y0 : Trust factor

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Source: Machine Design Book

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA by R.S. Khurmi

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Bearings & Seals

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Source: Databook for Agricultural

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA Machinery Design by CIAE Bhopal

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Bearings & Seals

Life of a bearing
Number of revolutions that a bearing undergoes under a constant load (equivalent
dynamic bearing load) before the first sign of fatigue failure occurs
𝟑
𝑳𝟏 𝑭𝟐
=
𝑳𝟐 𝑭𝟏

Rating life of a bearing

Number of revolutions or hours of operation at constant speed, in such a way that
90% of the bearings (from same group) will exceed before first evidence of failure
develops.
Cb: basic dynamic load rating

𝑪𝒃 𝟑
L= * 106
𝑭

𝑪𝒃 𝟑
L𝒉 = * (106/60N)
𝑭

S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Source: Databook for Agricultural

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA Machinery Design by CIAE Bhopal

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Seals
Seals

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Flat belt drives
Transmit power from one shaft to another through the pulley, which rotates at
the same speed or at a different speed.
Working principle: friction
The power transmitted depends on:
➢ Velocity of the belt
➢ Tension under which the belt is moving
➢ Arc of contact between belt and pulley
➢ Friction between belt & pulley Conveyor belt system
Selection of belt drive depends on:
➢ Speed reduction ratio
➢ Power to be transmitted
➢ Centre-to-centre distance of shaft
➢ Shaft layout
➢ Space constraints Power transmission
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. from PTO shaft
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Flat belt drives

Open belt drive Crossed belt drive

Coefficient of friction between belt and pulley

0 ⋅ 712
𝜇 = 0 ⋅ 54 − v = Speed of the belt in meters per minute.
2 ⋅ 542 + 𝑣

N2 𝑑1
Velocity ratio: =
N1 𝑑2

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Flat belt drive
Angle of contact (in radian): D d
𝐷−𝑑
𝜃𝑜,𝑙 = 𝜋 +
2𝑥
𝐷−𝑑
𝜃𝑜,𝑠 =𝜋−
2𝑥
𝐷+𝑑
𝜃𝑐 =𝜋+
2𝑥
Length of belt:
2
𝜋 𝐷−𝑑
𝐿open = 𝐷 + 𝑑 + 2𝑥 +
2 4𝑥
2
𝜋 𝐷+𝑑
𝐿cross = 𝐷 + 𝑑 + 2𝑥 +
2 4𝑥

Power transmitted by belt = (T1-T2)* v

Center to center distance = 0.07 to 0.10 times belt velocity

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Flat belt drive
Ratio of driving tensions: D d

𝑇1
= ⅇ𝑢𝜃 low velocity (< 15 m/s)
𝑇2
𝑇t1 − 𝑇c 𝑇1 high velocity (> 15 m/s)
= = ⅇ𝑢𝜃
𝑇𝑡2 − 𝑇c 𝑇2
𝑤𝑏𝑡𝑣 2 w = weight of belt per
𝑇c =
106 𝑔 unit length in N,

Maximum power transmitted by belt =

𝑇1 − 𝑇2 𝑣 𝑏𝑡𝑣 𝑤𝑣 2 𝑒 𝑢𝜃 − 1
𝑃= = 𝜎𝑑 − 6
1000 1000 10 𝑔 ⅇ𝑢𝜃

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Pulley
Dimension of pulley:

𝝈𝒕 = 𝝆𝒗𝟐

𝜎𝑡 : Pulley rim tensile stress

𝜌 = Density of the rim material, 7200
kg/m3 for cast iron
𝑣 = Velocity of rim. (pi*D*N)/60, D = dia
of rim/pulley

As per Indian standards, The following are the diameters of pulleys in mm for flat and V-belts (in
mm).

20, 22, 25, 28, 32, 36, 40, 45, 50, 56, 63, 71, 80, 90, 100, 112, 125, 140, 160, 180, 200, 224, 250,
280, 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560, 630, 710, 800, 900, 1000, 1120, 1250, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000,
2240, 2500, 2800, 3150, 3550, 4000, 5000, 5400.

The first six sizes (20 to 36 mm) are used for V-belts only
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Pulley
Width of pulley (B):
𝑩 = 𝟏 ⋅ 𝟐𝟓𝒃 𝑏: width of the belt
Width of flat cast iron and mild
steel pulleys in mm :

16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 71, 80, 90,
100, 112, 125, 140, 160, 180, 200,
224, 250, 315, 355,
400, 450, 560, 630.

Thickness of pulley rim (tr):

𝑫
+ 𝟑 mm for single belt
𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑫
+ 𝟔 mm for double belt
𝟐𝟎𝟎

Hub:
Diameter of the hub ( d1 ) = 1.5 d +25 mm (should be < 2d)

Length of the hub ( L ) = (pi/2) d (2/3B < L <B)

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
Pulley
Dimension of Arm:

For
200 mm < D < 450 mm, number of arm= 4
D > 450 mm, number of arm= 6

1Τ3
𝑏𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 2 ⋅ 94 Thickness of the elliptical arm near boss, for single belt,
4𝑛𝑎
1Τ3
𝑏𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑟 = 2 ⋅ 94 Thickness of the elliptical arm near rim, for single belt,
2𝑛𝑎

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
V belts

Wedging action & high friction

➢ For small distances, where flat belt slips and take large space, V belts perform
well due to its wedging action
➢ High power transmitting capacity, and pulsating loads (ic engine or compressor)
➢ Cushions shock load, do not require lubrication, and less critical to mis-alignment
➢ Can not be used for large distance due to high weight per unit length

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
V belts

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
V belts

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Belt Drive
V belts
Ratio of driving tensions:
𝑇1 − 𝑇c 𝑢
= ⅇ𝑢𝑎𝜃 𝑢𝑎 =
𝑇2 − 𝑇c sin 𝛽

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Tutorial
Question 1: An open belt drive system transmits 5 kW power using a flat belt of width and
thickness as 80 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The driving shaft speed is 1500 rpm and the
driven shaft speed is 500 rpm. The coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.20,
and the wrap angle of the belt is 168°. If diameter of the smaller pulley is 200 mm, maximum
stress induced in the belt will be _________ MPa.

Question 2: An open V belt is wrapped around V pulleys having effective diameters of 0.25
m and 0.65 m, and their centers are 1 m apart. Assuming ideal conditions, the wrap angle in
degree for the smaller pulley is _______________. [ round off to two decimal places]

Question 3: A V belt drive transmits 10 kW power at a belt velocity of 8 ms-1. The angle of
contact on the smaller pulley is 170° and the groove angle of the pulley is 38°. The
coefficient of friction between the pulley and the belt is 0.28 and the maximum permissible
stress is limited to 4 Mpa. Negelcting centrifugal effect of the belt, the minimum cross-
sectional area of the V belt in mm2 _________.

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive
Chain drive

➢ Used for short-distance power transmission (max up to 8 meters)

➢ Maximum velocity up to 25 m/s
➢ Maximum power up to 110 kW
1. No slip unlike belt drive
2. Maintains constant velocity ratio (8 to 10 in one step)
3. Transmits motion to several shafts at a time by one chain only
4. Can operate at extreme conditions of temp & pressure
5. High cost
6. Maintenance (lubrication, slack adjustment)
7. Velocity fluctuation when improperly stretched
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive
Classification of chain drive (based on its use)
Hoisting & Hauling Chains

Chain with oval Chain with square

links links (kinking)
Conveyor Chains (Malleable CI, 0.8-3 m/s)

Hook type
Detachable
chains Closed Joint type
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6PJF_kHdzI

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

p : Pitch of chain
D : Pitch circle dia of chain sprocket
d1 :dia of chain roller
T : No. of teeth
D0: Sprocket outside diameter
𝑁1: Smaller sprocket speed (rpm)
𝑁2 : Larger sprocket speed (rpm)
𝑇1 : No. of teeth on smaller sprocket
𝑇2 : No. of teeth on larger sprocket
𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝐕𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 = = A, B, C, D are the hinge centres of the
𝑵𝟐 𝑻𝟏
chain
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑫 = 𝒑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑻
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝜽=
𝑻
𝑫𝟎 = 𝑫 + 𝟎. 𝟖𝒅𝟏 Sprocket outside diameter

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Tutorial

Question 1: A chain drive is used to transmit power from a DC motor to the shaft of a solar
energy operated thresher by reducing the speed from 240 rpm to 120 rpm. The number of
teeth on the driving sprocket is 20 and the pitch circle diameter of the driven sprocket is 600
mm. The pitch of the chain used, in mm, is _________ . (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

Length of the chain (L) = pitch of the chain (p) * number of links (K)
𝑇1 +𝑇2 2𝑥 𝑇2 −𝑇1 2 𝑝
Number of links (K) = + + (approximated to nearest even number)
2 𝑝 2∗𝜋 𝑥

2 2
𝑝 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
Center to center distance (x) = 𝐾− + 𝐾− −8
4 2 2 2∗𝜋
To accommodate initial sagging of the chain, 2-5 mm reduction in center to center distance
is done.
Xmin may be taken as (d1+d2)/2+30 to 50 mm (d1 and d2 are pitch circle dia of
smaller and larger sprockets)
Xmin may be taken 30 to 50 times pitch
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive
Factor of safety is the ratio of breaking strength of the chain to the total
𝒘𝑩
load on driving side =
𝒘
𝒘𝑩 for roller chain = 106*p2 newton

𝒘 = 𝑭𝑻 + 𝑭𝑪 + 𝑭𝒔 = tangential driving force + centrifugal tension force +

force due to sagging = (P/v) + (mv2) + (k * mg * x)

P= power transmitted
m = mass of chain in kg per meter length
x = center to center distance
k = 2 to 6, when the center line of the chain is inclined to the horizontal at an angle less than
40º
k = 1 to 1.5, when the center line of the chain is inclined to the horizontal at an angle greater
than 40º

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive
Tutorial: Design a chain drive to actuate a compressor from 15 kW electric motor running at
1000 r.p.m., the compressor speed being 350 r.p.m. The minimum centre distance is 500 mm. The
compressor operates 16 hours per day. The chain tension may be adjusted by shifting the motor
on slides.

Solution:
Rated Power = 15 kW, N1 = 1000 rpm, N2 = 350 rpm, x = 500 mm, Hour of operation per day
= 16
Step 1: Calculate velocity ratio, i.e.; N1/N2 = 1000/350 = 2.85 ≈ 3
Step 2: Select the minimum number of teeth on the smaller sprocket or pinion from Table 21.5

Step 3: Find the number of teeth on the larger sprocket,

i.e, 3*(1000/350) ≈ 72 teeth
Step 4: Determine the design power by using the service factor, such that
Design power = Rated power × Service factor
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

Design Power = 15 * (1.5*1*1.25) = 28.125 kW

Step 5: Choose the type of chain, number of strands for the design power and r.p.m. of the
smaller sprocket from Table 21.4 ( two strand will be used of 15.65kW, 12 B)

Step 6: Note down the parameters of the chain, such as pitch, roller diameter, minimum width of
roller etc. from Table 21.1.
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

Step 7: Find pitch circle diameters and pitch line velocity of the smaller sprocket
d1 = p cosec (180/T) = 152 mm, d2 = 436 mm, v1=(pi*d1*N1/60) = 7.96 m/s

Step 8: Determine the load (W) on the chain by using the following relation, i.e. W = Rated
power / Pitch line velocity
15 kW/ 7.96 m/s = 1.844 kN,
Step 9: Calculate the factor of safety by dividing the breaking load (WB) to the load on the
chain
( W ). This value of factor of safety should be greater than the value given in Table 21.2.
i.e, 57.8/1.844 ≈ 32
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Chain Drive

Step 7: Fix the centre distance between the sprockets.

Xmin may be taken 30 to 50 times pitch. i.e., 30*19.05 = 572 mm
Taking sagging condition, 572 - 4= 568 mm

Step 8: Determine the length of the chain

Number of links: ≈ 110

Length = 19.05*110 ≈ 2096.6 mm ≈ 2.096 m

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Assignment

Assignment:
A chain drive using bush roller chain transmits 5.6 kW of power. The driving shaft on
an electric motor runs at 1440 r.p.m. and velocity ratio is 5. The centre distance of the
drive is restricted to 550 ± 2% mm and allowable pressure on the pivot joint is not to
exceed 10 N/mm2. The drive is required to operate continuously with periodic
lubrication and driven machine is such that load can be regarded as fairly constant with
jerk and impact. Design the chain drive by calculating leading dimensions, number of
teeth on the sprocket and specify the breaking strength of the chain. Assume a factor of
safety of 13.

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Overload Safety Devices

Types of safety devices
a) device that depends upon the shearing of a replaceable connecting member in the drive line
b) device that used the principle of spring force to hold two members
c) devices work on friction to hold two members in the drive line

Shear devices

Shear key between shaft and hub Flange-mounted shear pin

Power = Torque * w = ( ShearForce * radial _ dis tan ce) * w


= ( S s *( d12 ) * rs ) * w
4

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA Diametral shear pin through hub & shaft

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Tutorial
Tutorial 1: Specify the location of a 2.38mm flange-mounted steel shear pin (Ss=310 MPa)
which will fail at 4.5kN when the speed is 650 rpm.

Tutorial 2: What size diametral shear pin would be required if the shaft diameter is 25 mm

Tutorial 3: A mild steel flange-mounted single shear pin (Ultimate shear strength= 42 MPa) of
10 mm diameter is used in a flange. The perpendicular distance between the axis of the driving
shaft and the shear pin axis is 100 mm. If the speed of the driving shaft is 300 rpm, the
maximum power of the shaft could transmit in kW before the failure of the pin is ___________.

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Overload Safety Devices

Universal Joints

Cardan or Hooke Joint

1 = angle of rotation of the driving shaft from the initial position
tan 2 2 = angle of rotation of the driven shaft
= cos 
tan 1  = joint angle
depends on the type of drive, the torsional flexibility of the shafts,
the inertia of the rotating parts, the speed, and the desired life.
cos 
2 = 1 1 = angular velocity of the input (driving) shaft
1 − sin 2  sin 2 1  = angular velocity of the output (driven) shaft
2
Assignment: Determine ∅𝟏 for maximum & minimum value
S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA of (𝝎𝟐 / 𝝎𝟏 ) . Also Maximum and Minimum (𝝎𝟐 / 𝝎𝟏 )

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Overload Safety Devices

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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Overload Safety Devices

Universal Multijointed Combinations

Single Universal Joint Double Universal Joint

W Configuration Z Configuration
Angular alignment Parallel alignment
Angular displacement and velocity fluctuations will cancel if the joint angles are equal

Telescopic Driveshaft
Angular, Parallel,
Axial alignment
S. Sahoo, Ph.D. Front Wheel Drive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSbmrUp3Aas
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA Constant Velocity Joints https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auQ65qno2Eo

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Overload Safety Devices

Power take off (PTO) drives
Transfers power from the tractor or other source
of power to an implement
Rated speed: 540 rpm (6 spline)
1000 rpm (21 spline)
Internal Yoke, External Yoke, Universal Joint,
Safety Chain, Safety Shield
Transmission driven
PTO runs only when the engine tractor is in motion (transmission & PTO
controlled by a single clutch)
Continuous running
Internal
Operates when the master clutch is engaged through a single clutch pedal (possible Yoke
to stop the tractor)
Independent PTO drives
Separate clutch for Transmission & PTO

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
External
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA Safety Shield Yoke

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Overload Safety Devices

Power take off (PTO) drives standardization

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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 15-10-2024

Overload Safety Devices

Friction Clutch During normal operations (when there is no
torque overload), the limiter uses a friction disc
to transmit torque from the driving shaft to the
driven member, such as pulleys and sprockets.
When the torque limit is exceeded, the friction
force is no longer strong enough to transmit the
torque, and the driven member slips between
the friction discs. After the torque level goes
down to the recommended rates, the friction
plates resume transmitting rotating motion
automatically.

S. Sahoo, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, INDIA

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