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    Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

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    Maauli Agarwal

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    Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

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    Maauli Agarwal
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    Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

    Uploaded by

    Maauli Agarwal

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    RESOURCE SHEET NO.

    6
    AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA
    Class: X
    Chapter- 4
    (Carbon and its Compounds)
    Chemical properties of carbon Compounds

    Carbon Compounds have the following chemical properties:


    (a) Combustion Reaction
    (b) Oxidation Reaction
    (c) Addition Reaction
    (d) Substitution Reaction

    (a) Combustion Reaction:


    Carbon compounds burn in the presence of air or oxygen to give carbon dioxide along with heat and
    light which is called as combustion reaction. Combustion is always an EXOTHERMIC reaction.

    1. C + O2 CO2 + Heat + Light


    2. CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + Heat + Light
    3. C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 +3H2O + Heat + Light

    NOTE- Saturated hydrocarbons generally give clean blue flame due to complete combustion whereas
    unsaturated hydrocarbons give sooty flame due to incomplete combustion, and appears as soot.

    (b) Oxidation Reaction :

    The addition of oxygen in a compound is called as oxidation. This is done by some substances called
    oxidizing agents which are capable of giving oxygen to others, like Acidified K2Cr207 (Potassium
    dichromate) and alkalineKMn04(Potassium permanganate).

    .
    (C) Addition Reaction /Hydrogenation Reaction:

    When unsaturated hydrocarbons ( containing double/triple bond) are reacted with hydrogen in
    presence of a catalyst like Nickel or Palladium, the hydrogen gets added across the double/triple bond
    and converts the unsaturated hydrocarbon into a saturated hydrocarbon. Such a reaction is called an
    addition reaction or hydrogenation. Eg. Hydrogenation of vegetable oils.

    Industrial Application of Hydrogenation-

    The addition reaction or hydrogenation reaction is used to prepare vanaspathi ghee from vegetable oils
    like mustard oil. Thus unsaturated vegetable oil gets converted to saturated vegetable ghee in the
    presence of a catalyst like Nickel or Palladium .

    NOTE - Catalysts are substances that cause a reaction to occur at a different rate(faster or slower) .It
    does not participate in the reaction.
    (d)Substitution Reaction :
    The reaction which involves the replacement of Hydrogen atoms in an un reactive saturated
    hydrocarbon (alkane) by halogens (Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Fluorine) In the presence of sunlight.

    APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS


    1.What do you observe when you burn Alcohol and Naphthalene? Mention the nature of flame and
    smoke?
    Ans. Alcohol being a saturated hydrocarbon will undergo complete combustion and will burn with a
    blue flame with no smoke. Naphthalene is an unsaturated compound. So it will undergo incomplete
    combustion and will burn with a yellow flame and smoke.
    2. A mixture of oxygen and acetylene is used for welding. why do you think a mixture of ethyne and air
    is not used?
    Ans.Ethyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, therefore combustion of ethyne in air produces a yellow
    flame with a lot of black smoke due to the presence of unburnt carbon in it. Due to this incomplete
    combustion, heat produced is also low and a high temperature usually needed for welding is not
    attained. In order to ensure complete combustion and a high temperature, a mixture of ethyne and
    oxygen is used instead of ethyne and air.
    3.What will happen:
    (a) if Alk.KMnO4 is added to a solution of warm ethanol?
    (b) If excess Alk.KMnO4 is added to a solution of warm ethanol?
    Ans. (a) When Alk.KMnO4 is added to warm ethanol, the pink colour of KMnO4 disappears initially
    because it oxidizes ethanol to Ethanoic acid and itself gets reduced to Manganese Dioxide.
    (b) When excess Alk.KMnO4 is added to warm ethanol, the pink colour of KMnO4 will not disappear
    because it is more than what is required to oxidize ethanol to Ethanoic acid and so the colour will
    persist..

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