SSC TIER-11

CGL
NITTO

LECTURE-9
#
 Solid

matter
state
of Liquid
Na Element
Gas By
-
At a
very
low Plasma
Wolfgang
Density with P
Ketterle
~ zero Kelvin > Borons

[
ne
cool down
created,
Relativity
m ann

> Theory of By
Ru
By
-
Explained Photo electric
effect Nobel Price 1921 Element

(with Satyendra Nath Bose)

1924
-Given the concept of Boron

Paper published by
# Dalton Atomic
theory A
Rutherford's major flaw
: :

indivisible atoms.
Matter is made
up of Why electrous
orbiting the nucleus didn't

and into the nucleus.

love
energy spiral
# Ernest
Rutherford
:

in
A
Alpha Partic le Scattering eup 1911 : #Niels Bohr :

patide------
of Rutherford
Detector He the drawbacks
explains
1000arom thick
> e abit the nucleus in certain orbits
1 and these orbits are associated with

> Thin Gold Foil dyincte energy .

energy shells/
Level
manimum CIn energy
I
no .

>
- conclusions most malleable metal
Note :
Rutherford mainly I means model ahom (1913)
known Nucleus change in thin sheels of
for Wusleen
change Top
: to bottom
Discovery
. Ductility
in moder
periodic table

in wire Decreases.
mean
change long Trick

I
Elections abit the nucleus Election >
- J J. Thowson
. s
The arom has a small ,
dense ,
positively changed Proton >
-
Rutherford #

nucleus . Netwron - James Chadwick T

Most
of
the abows is
empty space -

Discoveries
 -

66 % 34 %
↓ d
# Nichrome
Added
ot
:
# Bass : Cut In

It is a
homogeneous mixture copper zine
Particle
size let Brow toughness
Su Tin
Gut a

Nit(TAlloy
:

de ↓
1 um 88 %

> solid-solid solution #Stainless steel : Fe + Cr + Ni + C

#Constantan : In chromium "Cron

Al # solder Pb + Su Nickel
i
Cut Ni
:
d ↓
Lead
the allow have metal
If mercury
#
Tungsten
>
-
:

It is an element W-symbol
Element Atomic no

# Copper Rutheyordium 104

: Cu

green
colour
coating if expose to the Mendelevium ↓ Of

sunlight and air sea

Borgium 106
The
layer
is clos (copper carbonate)
V
In block
a
 water and kecoseve oil Fractional Distillation
# sepration
-

of
their
from
minture use in Air particles
of
case

They are not properly mind.

where the
Boiling point difference
different> density
have is less the
They
25k

oil
Density of water
Density of a
separation
fromMie
#
of warn
&
method
separating junnel
l method .

plants
of pigments from
# separation extract.

# separation
of
acetone and water
from their Eample separation of Dye
and Tak.

lot have
minture .
we to
separate the
latent heat
of Dye from the
V
Ink
by Evoporation

Es
then
Liquid to Vapour -
Vaporization Evaporation
in
vapour to
Liquid
>
- condensation Dye separated different
colours
by Chromatography
> Distillation Method

point difference less in

Boiling
is
if the
very
this situation have
we to use Fractional

Distillation
 =
yours length
#Place mirror d mirror
# spherical :

S -
this
image :

&i
virtual , evect &

Sam size ,
laterally
Inverted .

Plane mirror Rule

If you want to see

full image of object an

have
so , attest
half of object size
the
you Concave mirror Conven mirror

mirror . mirror vehicles

use as a
shewing us in rear view in

Note virtual
Image always Solar blost Metro
: erect use in
furnace
Use in ATM , Railway ,

Real
Image always Invested
Negative focal length Positive
focal length
Conven Lens
Similar to >
- Similar to concave les .

virtualI erect
Always Real & invert -
Always
except 1 case : Image

if the object situated

between the pole and .

joir
will Virtual I crect
be
then
image

atcenter e
of object = of object image
Size size -

o
 #Corrosion :

The destruction deterioration .

metals
gradual or
of
Due to the Chemical Reactions with their environments.

It involves the oridation the .

metal
of
Iron
example - Corrosion in is called
rusting
Redish Brown coating
.
A preventition corrosion
of
Alloying cated with Zine
nampumutal
it is called Galvanization

( if is electrochemical
pr s
catedwith
Aluminum an

nampen
#
Energy Pyramid
:

Lindeman
it is
given by Raymond
can never be inverted

Pyramid of 3 given
# Biomass chales elo

#
Pyramid of Numbers
-

can inverted
Autroph
term
>
#
Ecosystem given by Tansley

#
Eurology Ter
. by
- Ernst haceke in 1866

consumed consumed
"Small fishies and
Big fishies
.
#
Phytoplankton by
<
Zooplankton by
and Bottom
Freely swimming dwelling
# DFC . Detritus chain
good
 Reduction

oxidising Fe (s) --2Fe(1) Al O, (

+11)
Elements
agent , Oz +
,
1

T Oxidation K Highly Reactive

less reactive
soft
Na <

Ga > React with

right"
cold water

reactive mg React with

hot water
Al

Iron is less reactive them Aluminium ,

vence From on never 2n >
- React with
Steam
Aluminium . if is reaction
replace therpr displacement Fe

Pb

enothermic reaction
it is Cu

Hg
fe, Os
unidizing agent
act as
Ag Disolve in
Au
V V

- This reaction is
applicable to
joining of railway tracks .
V
Aqua Regia
Reactivity decreases

Photosynthesis
A - Endothermic reaction

A
respiration >
- enothermic Reaction

A combination - > enothumic Reaction

# Acid Base <salt-water .
3 HCl + Noon- > Nach
- & d
Neutralisation Reaction Neutral Salt
story acid Strong Base
Acid + weak Base Salt-water
strong
A . .
-

↓ 1. In soy ·
7120 - white vitriol
Acidic Nature

vitriol
Strong 5120-Blue
A weak Deid + Base - Salt-water 2 .
Lusoy .

↓
Basic Nature

Green
.
3 Festy . 7120 >
- Vitriol o

Weak Acid + Weak Base

+ water
Salt

Strong Strong Gypsum Jason t H20

Acid + Base 4 Lason 2120 -

↓
. .

Neutral Salt

7120 solt
s .

myson
. <
Epcom
Examples-
.
2 nce +
NHyOH NHyl
--
>

d
arid "week Base >
-
Acidicfalt
stro
.
2 CHSWON + Non- > C - CoNa

criry
↓
Basic salt
weak and Base
-

# Peninsular Plateau :

·
the old
A table land composed of crystalline ,
igneous ,
and metamorphic rocks

>
- Central Highlands
>
-
Deccan Plateau

# Fastern
Ghats
kills
>
-

Nayagarh # Western
Ghats
-
Higher them Fastern Ghals .

>
-
Mahendra giri 1501 M
Gujrat to Tamil Nade (covered I
states)
Madagula
Light Ajnata Range
>
- Kondes >
-

>
-
Rampa kills a pea
>
-

Balaghat Range
Velikonda
Range Harischandra
Range
>
- >
-

>
- Nallamala kills # Passes :
>
- Bala Budham Hills - Karnatak

>
- Palkonda Hills A That
-Nasik >
-

Nilgiri
> Doda Betta &9 Highest peak of South

>
- Lankamalla Hills Abnor-Mumbai -
Pune >
- Anamalai Hills
India and western
thatY
connect
>
-

Nagai
Hill A Pal >

Nilgiri to -
Anaimudi
2195M-Shighest peak of south
India a
a
Javadi Hill Anamalai hills
Agastyamalaihills "Kerala
>
- >
-

Hill
Shevaroy Cardamom
>
- =>

Sirumalai Hill >

-
Pachaimalai Hills
>
- Palni Hills
 S-16km

# Bhabar Belt :
[8-16 kn] #Tarai Belt : 110-20 km bruyth of belt

river stream
strems
of
river
disappear Reappearing of
Not fit for agriculture . it is
marshy / swampy area

it is without demarketed channel

properly
Tim Corbet National parks located
and
Rajaji
Lush green vegitation
.

Alluvial Soil
I

old New

#
Bhangan # Khadan

constration
high calcareous constration less calcareous
d
kankar
 Duties Speaker of Legislative assembly
<

of

#State
legislature
>
Legislative Assembly T # Article 171 :
-

Legislative Council
composition of state Legislative Council

I
(Article 170) council
LegislativeResembly
all the states have and 2 Union Teritories
Legislative
composition of
All the member are indirect elected

minimium Proportional representation single transferable

qualification
-
to +
25
age years for
vote
member .

I
Council (Article 169) 113 Legislative Assembly

I
Legislative
>
-
- Karnatak
5/6 members
only I states have A -
Andhra Pradesh 113 -Municipalities are elected

minimum 30 B Bihar 1/12 a

Graduates
age
-

gr
u >
-
Utter Pradush 1/12 > Teachers

- Any other
qualification
as 1/6
-governor
Nominate &Li S A s +
up]
T-Telangana
, ,

,
determined
by Parliament m >
- Maharastra Literature Science Social
service
Bicameral
Legislative Art V
which have both
those states
Legislative cooperative
Assembly and
Legislative Council society
# Article 179 :

vacation and
Resigination and Removal of
speaker deputy Speaker of Legislative
and

Assembly
.
 Sessions Parliaments
of
# Article 89 :
Chairman/Dupty Chairman
of RajyaSabha
Appoinment
Budget monsoon Winter
.

Feb-Apr(last) July-Aug Dec

Chairman/
#Article 90 : Vacation &

Chairman
Resigination of
Sabhe
Dupty of Rajya
Adjourn the House
Presiding office
-

# Article 101 vacation seats in Parliament &

of
:
S
of case
case of
#Sessions Parliaments In

of
President session speaker
L
chairman
of
summons the
Parliament.

B/W Quorum not

gap then
The two sessions is not more
- does meet
Due to

6 months . is
#10 member is not present
President the Session
->
prorogue
Financial year >
-
1Apr to 31 Mar
 -

# Harappan City : Lothal :

Marappan city
divided into two
parts Ancient port Dockyard
If
,

higher ton/ctades
River
Bhogava
howe town

knowns Browenz Dholaviza

age
as :

to 1750 BC Reservoir
>
- 2500 BC
Giant wath

about

IT HigherHomr
Not known From Divided sports
into

Discovered in 11921
-

the
site
Marappa was

Discovered Bahani
by
Near Bovi
Mensgarh
river :

Neolithic Period
Chairman ASI (when the NVC discover) Situated in Balochistan (Pakistan)
of
*

Thow Marshal. evidence Rice

Early of
He was

* Father ASI
of Great Gravey Great Bath
Alexander
Cunningham kot
Diji
-> .
: > ,

* Bhimbetka site Near Mohanjodheno -Circular

Pradesh Indus River
Madhya
> Brick
situated on

V
Platyone
Gross in each side
# Diwan-i-Arz-established
by Balban # Diwan-i-Kohi - established
by Mohammad

Military Department
Bin
Tughlag
Depto of Agriculture
established
Diwan-i-Bandgar
Firoz
#
by
- Shar

Department of slave Tughlag

Firoz shah
# Diwan-i-Khairat-established by
Donation
Department Tughlag
# Diwan-i-Musta -established
Kharaj by
Dept .

of
Arrear
Khilji
# Diwan-i-Result -

established Balban
Dept .

of Religious agains # Diwan-i-wizarat -

by
Revenue and Finance
Dept
of
.

# Diwan-i-Isha established Firuz

-
by
Dept Administration Shah
of
Tughlag
# Indian Councils 1909 Aut 1935
Act ,
# Government India
of
separate electorate for
Muslims known
fou
reverse the government
Legislative conside strength increased IndiaAur 1919
of All Indian
One Indian allowed
for viceoroy give the
concept of
executive council . foundation
Allo known as
morley
d
minh
Reform major part of Indian constitution

secretary "Viceroy borrowed

from
this Act .

Prasad Sinha
-Satyendra
# Rowlatt 1919 executive
of viceoroy
Act ,

Also known as Anarchical and

par
council .
of
1919
revolutionary
crimes Act
of
government India Aut 1919 :
#
of
Also known
Montague-Chelmsford
a

Council
Increase
strength of Legislative
electorate
Separate extend
in
Intoduced
Diarchy provences
Introduced Bicameral
legislature .
 immunodeficiency injection
# HIV Human and immune
virus
acquired dyiciency
:

But Syndrome .

immunodyiciency
Pairs
AIDS
Acquired syndrome
: . * chromosome >
- 23

& S
22 Autosomal ↓ Ses

AIDS elibrated on Le
Day XX XY

senually
ELISA tot
transmitted disease
detition
Female maile

for
>
-
↑ X
immunosorbent
enzyme-linked assay
X
by
jemale

HPV :Humanpapillomar a
male
baby

-
Johan Mendel
gregor
Genetics Discovered
in Piscum satvium
yater of Genetics
law Inheritance
of
s

male with entre

X chrosomes

# Genetical Disorder -

V V

Mendelian Disorder /Related to

Genes) Related to chrosomes

Thalassemia ,
Siokle cell ,
Colour Blindness ,
Haemophilia
Down
syndrome

i S
jewallwa
Turner
Syndrome
kuile
enter