PROBABILITY

EXERCISE -1
1. The probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.85. What is the probability that it will not rain
tomorrow?
2. A die is thrown. Find the probability of getting:
(i) a prime number (ii) 2 or 4 (iii) a multiple of 2 or 3 (iv) an even prime number
(v) a number greater than 5 (vi) a number lying between 2 and 6
(vii) a composite number
3. Three coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting:
(i) exactly two heads (ii) at most two heads
(iii) at least one head and one tail. (iv) no tails
4. A and B throw a pair of dice. If A throws 9, find B's chance of throwing a higher number.
5. Two unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that the total of the numbers on the
dice is greater than 10.
6. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is (i) a black king (ii) either a black card or a king
(iii) black and a king (iv) a jack, queen or a king
(v) neither a heart nor a king (vi) spade or an ace
(vii) neither an ace nor a king (viii) neither a red card nor a queen.
(ix) other than an ace (x) a ten (xi) a spade (xii) a black card
(xiii) the seven of clubs (xiv) jack (xv) the ace of spades (xvi) a queen
(xvii) a heart (xviii) a red card (xix)neither a king nor a queen
7. In a lottery of 50 tickets numbered 1 to 50, one ticket is drawn. Find the probability that the
drawn ticket bears a prime number.
8. An urn contains 10 red and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. Find the probability
that the ball drawn is white.
9. A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 black balls and 4 white balls. A ball is drawn at random from
the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) white? (ii) red? (iii) black? (iv) not red?
10. What is the probability that a number selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 15 is a
multiple of 4?
11. A bag contains 6 red, 8 black and 4 white balls. A ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that ball drawn is not black?
12. A bag contains 5 white and 7 red balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that ball drawn is white?
13. Tickets numbered from 1 to 20 are mixed up and a ticket is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 7?
14. In a lottery there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. What is the probability of getting a prize?
15. If the probability of winning a game is 0.3, what is the probability of loosing it?
16. A bag contains 5 black, 7 red and 3 white balls. A ball is drawn from the bag at random.
Find the probability that the ball drawn is: (i) red (ii) black or white (iii) not black
17. A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 white balls. A ball is drawn from the bag at random.
Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) white (ii) red (iii) not black (iv) red or white
18. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting:
(i) a king of red suit (ii) a face card (iii) a red face card
(iv) a queen of black suit (v) a jack of hearts (vi) a spade
19. Five cards—ten, jack, queen, king, and an ace of diamonds are shuffled face
downwards. One card is picked at random. (i) What is the probability that the card is a
queen?
(ii) If a king is drawn first and put aside, what is the probability that the second card picked
up is the (i) ace? (ii) king?
20. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
What is the probability that the ball drawn is: (i) red (ii) black
21. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which is equally likely to come to rest
pointing to one of the number, 1, 2, 3, ..., 12 as shown in Fig. 16.3. What is the probability
that it will point to:

Fig. 16.3
(i) 10? (ii) an odd number? (iii) a number which is multiple of 3? (iv) an even number?
22. In a class, there are 18 girls and 16boys. The class teacher wants to choose one pupil
for class monitor. What she does, she writes the name of each pupil on a card and puts them
into a basket and mixes thoroughly. A child is asked to pick one card from the basket. What
is the probability that the name written on the card is: (i) the name of a girl (ii) the name of a
boy?
23. Why is tossing a coin considered to be a fair way of deciding which team should choose
ends in a game of cricket?
24. What is the probability that a number selected at random from the number 1,2,2,3,3,3,
4,4,4,4 will be their average?
25. There are 30 cards, of same size, in a bag on which numbers 1 to 30 are written. One
card is taken out of the bag at random. Find the probability that the number on the selected
card is not divisible by 3.
26. A bag contains 5 red, 8 white and 7 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
Find the probability that the drawn ball is (i) red or white (ii) not black (iii) neither white nor
black.
27. Find the probability that a number selected from the number 1 to 25 is not a prime
number when each of the given numbers is equally likely to be selected.
28. A bag contains 8 red, 6 white and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
Find the probability that the drawn ball is (i) red or white (ii) not black (iii) neither white nor
black.
29. Find the probability that a number selected at random from the numbers 1,2,3, ...,35 is a
(i) prime number (ii) multiple of 7 (iii) a multiple of 3 or 5
30. From a pack of 52 playing cards Jacks, queens, kings and aces of red colour are
removed. From the remaining, a card is drawn at random. Find the probability that the card
drawn is
(i) a black queen (ii) a red card (iii) a black jack
(iv) a picture card (Jacks, queens and kings are picture cards).
31. A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Malini takes out one candy without looking
into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out
(i) an orange flavoured candy? (ii) a lemon flavoured candy?
32. It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 students not having the same
birthday is 0.992. What is the probability that the 2 students have the same birthday?
33. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
What is the probability that the ball drawn is (i) red? (ii) not red?
34. A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One marble is taken
out of the box at random. What is the probability that the marble taken out will be (i) red? (ii)
white? (iii) not green?
35. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective and others good. Nuri will buy a
pen if it is good, but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper draws one pen at random
and gives it to her. What is the probability that (i) She will buy it? (ii) She will not buy it?
36. 12 defective pens are accidently mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to just look
at pen and tell whether or not it is defective, one pen is taken out at random from this lot.
Determine the probability that the pen taken out is good one.
37. Five cards — the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well-shuffled with their
face downwards. One card is then picked up at random.
(i) What is the probability that the card is the queen?
(ii) If the queen is drawn and put a side, what is the probability that the second card picked
up is (a) an ace? (b) a queen?
38. Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously (say, one is of Rs. 1 and other of Rs.
2). What is the probability that he gets at least one head?
39. Cards marked with numbers 13,14,15, ....,60 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly.
One card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that number on the card
drawn is (i) divisible by 5 (ii) a number is a perfect square
40. A bag contains tickets numbered 11,12,13,..., 30. A ticket is taken out from the bag at
random. Find the probability that the number on the drawn ticket (i) is a multiple of 7 (ii) is
greater than 15 and a multiple of 5.
41. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Probability of a sure event is ………. .
(ii) Probability of an impossible event is ………. .
(iii) The probability of an event (other than sure and impossible event) lies between ………. .
(iv) Every elementary event associated to a random experiment has ………. probability.
(v) Probability of an event A + Probability of event 'not A' = ………. .
(vi) Sum of the probabilities of each outcome in an experiment is ………. .
42. Examine each of the following statements and comment:
(i) If two coins are tossed at the same time, there are 3 possible outcomes—two heads, two
tails, or one of each. Therefore, for each outcome, the probability of occurrence is 1/3.
(ii) If a die is thrown once, there are two possible outcomes—an odd number or an even
number. Therefore, the probability of obtaining an odd number is 1/2 and the probability of
obtaining an even number is 1/2.
43. A box contains 100 red cards, 200 yellow cards and 50 blue cards. If a card is drawn at
random from the box, then find the probability that it will be (i) a blue card (ii) not a yellow
card (iii) neither yellow nor a blue card.
44. A box contains cards numbered 3, 5, 7, 9,35, 37. A card is drawn at random from the
box. Find the probability that the number on the drawn card is a prime number.
45. A group consists of 12 persons, of which 3 are extremely patient, other 6 are extremely
honest and rest are extremely kind. A person from the group is selected at random.
Assuming that each person is equally likely to be selected, find the probability of selecting a
person who is (i) extremely patient (ii) extremely kind or honest. Which of the above you
prefer more.
46. Cards numbered 1 to 30 are put in a bag. A card is drawn at random from this bag. Find
the probability that the number on the drawn card is
(i) not divisible by 3 (ii) a prime number greater than 7 (iii)not a perfect square number.
47. A piggy bank contains hundred 50 paise coins, fifty Rs. 1 coins, twenty Rs. 2 coins and
ten Rs. 5 coins. If it is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the bank is turned
upside down, find the probability that the coin which fell
(i) will be a 50 paise win (ii) will be of value more than Rs. 1
(iii) will be of value less than Rs. 5 (iv) will be a Rs. 1 or Rs. 2 coin
48. A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 49. A card is drawn from the bag at random,
after mixing the card thoroughly. Find the probability that the number on the drawn card is
(i) an odd number (ii) a multiple of 5 (iii) a perfect square (iv) an even prime number.
49. A box contains 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20. A card is drawn at random from the box.
Find the probability that the number on the drawn card is
(i) divisible by 2 or 3 (ii) a prime number
50. In a simultaneous throw of a pair of dice, find the probability of getting:
(i) 8 as the sum (ii) a doublet (iii) a doublet of prime numbers (iv) a doublet of odd numbers
(v) a sum greater than 9 (vi) an even number on first
(vii) an even number on one and a multiple of 3 on the other
(viii) neither 9 nor 11 as the sum of the numbers on the faces
(ix) a sum less than 6 (x) a sum less than 7 (xi) a sum more than 7 (xii) 5 at least once
(xiii) a number other than 5 on any dice. (xiv) even number on each die
(xv) 5 as the sum (xvi) 2 will come up at least once (xvii) 2 will not come either time
51. What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays?
52. What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Tuesdays and 53 Mondays?
53. A black die and a white die are thrown at the same time. Write all the possible outcomes.
What is the probability that:(i) the sum of the two numbers that turn up is 8? (ii) of obtaining a
total of 6? (iii) of obtaining a total of 10? (iv) of obtaining the same number on both dice?
(v) of obtaining a total more than 9?
(vi) that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is 13?
(vii) that the sum of the numbers appearing on the top of the dice is less than or equal to 12?
(viii) that the product of numbers appearing on the top of the dice is less than 9.
(ix) that the difference of the numbers appearing on the top of the two dice is 2.
(x) that the numbers obtained have a product less than 16.
54. A bag contains cards which are numbered from 2 to 90. A card is drawn at random from
the bag. Find the probability that it bears
(i) a two digit number (ii) a number which is a perfect square
55. The faces of a red cube and a yellow cube are numbered from 1 to 6. Both cubes are
rolled. What is the probability that the top face of each cube will have the same number?
56. The probability of selecting a green marble a t random from a jar that contains only
green, white and yellow marbles is 1 /4. The probability of selecting a white marble at
random from the same jar is 1/3. If this jar contains 10 yellow marbles. What is the total
number of marbles in the jar?
57. (i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from the lot.
What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and not replaced. Now bulb is drawn at
random from the rest. What is the probability th at this bulb is not defective?
58. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one discs is drawn at
random from the box, find the probability that it bears (i) a two digit number (ii) a perfect
square number (iii) a number divisible by 5.
59. Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. Complete the following
table:

Event: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
'Sum on two dice’

Probability

From the above table a student argues that there are 11 possible outcomes
1
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12. Therefore, each of them has a probability . Do you agree
11
with this argument?
60. A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of d rawing a blue ball
from the bag is twice that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls in the bag.
61. The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed from a deck of 52 playing cards and the
remaining cards are shuffled. A card is drawn from the remaining cards. Find the probability
of getting
(i) a card of heart (ii) a queen (iii) a card of clubs (iv) a face card (v) a queen of diamond.
62. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that:
(i) 5 will not come up on either of them? (ii) 5 will come up on at least one?
(iii) 5 will come up at both dice?
63. A number is selected at random from first 50 natural numbers. Find the probability that it
is a multiple of 3 and 4.
64. A dice is rolled twice. Find the probability that
(i) 5 will not come up either time, (ii) 5 will come up exactly one time.
65. All the black face cards are removed from a pack of 52 cards. The remaining cards are
well shuffled and then a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of getting a
(i) face card (ii) red card (iii) black card (iv) king
66. Cards numbered from 11 to 60 are kept in a box. If a card is drawn at random from the
box, find the probability that the number on the drawn cards is
(i) an odd number (ii) a perfect square number
(iii) divisible by 5 (iv) a prime number less than 20
67. All kings and queens are removed from a pack of 52 cards. The remaining cards are
well-shuffled and then a card is randomly drawn from it. Find the probability that this card is
(i) a are face card (ii) a black card.
68. All jacks, queens and kings are removed from a pack of 52 cards. The remaining cards
are well-shuffled and then a card is randomly drawn from it. Find the probability that this
cards is (i) a black face card (ii) a red card
69. Red queens and black jacks are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards. A cards is
drawn at random from the remaining cards, after reshuffling them. Find the probability that
the card drawn is (i) a king (ii) of red colour (iii) a face card (iv) a queen
70. In a bag there are 44 identical cards with figure of circle or square on them. There are 24
circles, of which 9 are blue and rest are green and 20 squares of which 11 are blue and rest
are green. One card is drawn from the bag at random. Find the probability that it has the
figure of (i) square (ii) green colour, (iii) blue circle and (iv) green square.
71. All red face cards are removed from a pack of playing cards. The remaining cards are
well shuffled and then a card is drawn at random from them. Find the probability that the
drawn card is (i) a red card (ii) a face card and (iii) a card of clubs.
72. Two customers are visiting a particular shop in the same week (Monday to Saturday).
Each is equally likely to visit the shop on any one day as on another. What is the probability
that both will visit the shop on: (i) the same day? (ii) different days? (iii) consecutive days?
ANSWERS
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 7 3 1 1 1
1. 0.15 2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) 3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 4. 5.
2 3 3 6 6 2 2 8 8 4 8 6 12
1 7 1 3 9 4 11 7 12 1 1 1
6. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii)
26 13 26 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 4 1 1 5
(xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) ( xvii ) (xviii) (xix) 7. 8. 9. (i) (ii) (iii)
52 13 52 13 4 2 13 10 9 3 4 12
3 1 5 5 2 2 7 8 2 2 4
(iv) 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 0.7 16. (i) (ii) (iii) 17. (i) (ii)
4 5 9 12 5 7 15 15 3 5 15
2 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 5
(iii) (iv) 18. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 19. (i) (ii) , 0 20. (i) (ii)
3 3 26 13 26 26 52 4 5 4 8 8
 1 1 1 1 9 8
21. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 22. (i) (ii)
12 2 3 3 17 17
23. When we toss a coin, the outcomes head and tail are equally likely. So, the result of an
individual coin toss is completely unpredictable.
3 2 13 13 1 16 7 7 4 11 1 16
24. 25. 26. (i) (ii) (iii) 27. 28. (i) (ii) (iii) 29. (i) (ii) (iii)
10 3 20 20 4 25 9 9 9 35 7 35
1 9 1 3 3 5 5 8 13
30. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 31. (i) 0 (ii) 1 32. 0.008 33. (i) (ii) 34. (i) (ii) (iii)
22 22 22 22 8 8 17 17 17
31 5 11 1 3 3 5 1 3 3
35. (i) (ii) 36. 37. (i) (ii) (a) (b) 0 38. 39. (i) (ii) 40. (i) (ii)
36 36 12 5 4 4 24 16 20 20
41. (i) 1 (ii) 0 (iii) 0 and 1 (iv) equal (v) 1 (vi) 1 42. (i) Incorrect:
We can classify the outcomes like this but in such a case they are not equally likely, because
the event 'one of each' is twice as likely to occur as the remaining two.
(ii) Correct: The two outcomes considered in the question are equally likely.
1 3 2 5 1 3 2 1 5 5 1 17
43. (i) (ii) (iii¿ 44. 45. (i) (ii) 46. ( i ) (ii) (iii) 47. (i) (ii) (iii)
7 7 7 9 4 4 3 5 6 9 6 18
7 25 9 1 1 4 2 5 1 1 1
(iv) 48. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 49. (i) (ii) 50. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
18 49 49 7 49 5 5 36 6 12 12
1 1 11 5 5 5 5 11 25 1 1 11
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi)
6 2 36 6 18 12 12 36 36 4 9 36
25 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 4 2 25
(xvii) 51. 52. 53. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 0 (vii) 1 (viii) (ix) (x)
36 7 7 36 36 12 6 6 9 9 36
81 8 13 1 1 15 9 1 1
54. (i) (ii) (iii) 55. 56. 24 57. (i) (ii) 58. (i) (ii) (iii)
89 89 17 6 5 19 10 10 5
59.

Event: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
‘Sum on two dice’

Probability 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

No, the outcomes are not equally likely.

13 3 10 9 1
60. 12 61. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
49 49 49 49 49
25 11 1 2 11 5
62. (i) (ii) (iii) 63. 64. (i) (ii)
36 36 36 25 36 18
3 13 10 1
65. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
23 23 23 23
1 2 1 2 1 1
66. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 67 (i) (ii)
2 25 5 5 22 2
 1 1 1 1 1
68. (i) 0 (ii) 69. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2 12 2 6 24
5 6 9 9
70. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
11 11 44 44
10 3 13 1 5 5
71. (i) (ii) (iii) 72. (i) (ii) (iii)
23 23 46 6 6 18