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Computer Network Topology-2

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43 views34 pages

Computer Network Topology-2

Uploaded by

japhetjoakim02
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Topologies

CST04101-Lecture 2
What is a network?

A network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems


linked together. There are many types of computer networks (to be
discussed in the following lecture).

OR
A network is a group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless)
computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software
and hardware resources between many users. Example: The
Internet is a global network of networks.
Computer Networks
People-
Social Networks
What is a topology?

 Topology is the physical or logical


interconnection of communicating devices

Physical Topology: The physical layout of


devices on a network. It is way devices on a
network are arranged and how they communicate
with each other.
 Logical Topology: Also known as Signal Topology. The
logical topology is the way that the signals act on the network
media, or the way that the data passes through the network
from one device to the next without regard to the physical
interconnection of the devices.
 Logical topologies are bound to the network protocols that
direct how the data moves across a network.

 Note: Logical topology of a given network is not necessarily


the same as its physical topology.
Categories of Topology
Mesh Topology
Mesh Topology
• In a mesh topology, each of the nodes or stations
(computers) are interconnected with one another.
That is every node is connected to every other
node in the network.
• Mesh topology uses separate cable to connect
each device to every other device on the network,
providing a straight communication path.
Mesh Topology
Number of links in mesh topology

Where x is the number of nodes in mesh network


Number of I/O interface per node

Where p is number of I/O ports a node must have


Advantages of Mesh Topology
• Mesh topology has multiple links, so if one route is blocked then
other routes can be used for data communication. When one of the
components fails, there is always an alternative present.
• It is easy to troubleshoot mesh topology compared with other
topologies.
• The arrangement of the network nodes is such that it is possible to
transmit data from one node to many other nodes at the same time.
• Expansion and modification in topology can be done without
disrupting other nodes.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

 There are high chances of redundancy in many of the


network connections.
 Overall cost of this network is way too high as
compared to other network topologies.
 Set-up and maintenance of this topology is very
difficult. Even administration of the network is tough.
Bus Topology
Bus Topology

 In the bus topology, the computers are connected


through a common communication media.
 A special type of central wire is used as
communication media. This central wire is called
Bus. The computer are attached through the bus and
the ends of the bus are closed with the terminator.
 The terminators are used to absorb signals.
Bus Topology
Bus Topology
• In Bus Topology all the nodes (computers or stations) are
connected to the single cable (called bus), by the help of
interface connectors (T-Connector).
• Every workstation communicates with the other device through
the Bus. All stations share the same medium
• A signal from the source is broadcasted and it travels to all
workstations connected to bus cable. Although the message is
broadcasted but only the intended recipient, whose destination
address matches, accepts it.
• If the destination address of machine doesn’t match with the
intended address, machine discards the signal
• A terminator is added at ends of the central cable (bus), to
prevent bouncing of signals.
• A barrel connector can be used to extend the bus.
Advantages of Bus Topology

• Easy to connect a computer or any device to the bus

topology.

• It is easy to set-up and extend bus network.

• Bus topology is not expensive compared with other

topologies.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.

• Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.

• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

• Efficiency of Bus network decreases as the number of devices

connected to the bus increases. That is there is a limit on central

cable length and number of nodes that can be connected

• It is not suitable for networks with heavy traffic.


Ring Topology
 In ring topology, each host machine connects to
exactly two other machines, creating a circular
network structure.
 When one host tries to communicate or send message to
a host which is not adjacent to it, the data travels
through all intermediate hosts.
 To connect one more host in the existing structure, you
may need only one more extra cable.
Ring Topology
Advantages of Ring Topology

 Reduced chances of data collision as each node


release a data packet after receiving the token.
 Token passing makes ring topology perform better
than bus topology under heavy traffic
 Equal access to the resources
Disadvantages of Ring topology
 Each packet of data must pass through all the
computers between source and destination. This
makes it slower.
 Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring.
Thus, every connection in the ring is a point of
failure.
 Network is highly dependent on the cable which
connects different components
Star Topology
Star Topology

 In a star topology, each station is connected to a central node or


HUB.
 The star topology uses a separate cable for each work station.
The cable connects the work station to a central device typically
a HUB
 HUB acts as a junction to connect different nodes present in
Star Network, and at the same time it manages and controls
whole of the network.
 All the data on the star topology passes through the central
device before reaching the intended destination.
Advantage of Star Topology

 Easy to install
 Easy to add new devices without affecting the network.
Likewise, nodes can also be removed easily
 Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network.
 Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
Disadvantage of Star Topology
 A major disadvantage of this network topology is that if the
central hub fails, all of the connected devices are disconnected.
 An expensive network layout to install because of the amount of
cables needed
 Network performance depends on the central device (Hub)

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