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Elementary Real Analysis

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93 views2 pages

Elementary Real Analysis

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Peahen
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi

B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics (Sem I)


DSC-2: Elementary Real Analysis

Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Workload: 3 Lectures, 1 Tutorial (per week) Credits: 4 Duration: 14 Weeks

Course Objectives: The course will develop a deep and rigorous understanding of real line
with algebraic, order and completeness properties to prove the results about convergence and
divergence of sequences and series of real numbers. These concepts have wide range of
applications in real life.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Understand the fundamental properties of the real numbers, including completeness and
Archimedean, and density property of rational numbers in .
ii) Learn to define sequences in terms of functions from to a subset of and find the limit.
iii) Recognize bounded, convergent, divergent, Cauchy and monotonic sequences and to
calculate the limit superior and limit inferior of a bounded sequence.
iv) Apply limit comparison, ratio, root, and alternating series tests for convergence and
absolute convergence of infinite series of real numbers.

Unit 1: Real Number System


Algebraic and order properties of , Absolute value of a real number, Bounded above and bounded
below sets, Supremum and infimum of a non-empty subset of , The completeness property of ,
Archimedean property, Density of rational numbers in .

Unit 2: Sequences
Sequences and their limits, Convergent sequence, Limit theorems, Monotone sequences,
Monotone convergence theorem, Subsequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem for sequences,
Limit superior and limit inferior for bounded sequence, Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s convergence criterion.

Unit 3: Infinite Series


Convergence and divergence of infinite series of real numbers, Necessary condition for
convergence, Cauchy criterion for convergence, Tests for convergence of positive term series,
Integral test, Basic comparison test, Limit comparison test, D’Alembert’s ratio test, Cauchy’s nth
root test, Alternating series, Leibniz test, Absolute and conditional convergence.

References:
1. Bartle, Robert G., & Sherbert, Donald R. (2011). Introduction to Real Analysis (4th ed.).
John Wiley & Sons. Wiley India Edition 2015.
2. Bilodeau, Gerald G., Thie, Paul R., & Keough, G. E. (2010). An Introduction to Analysis
(2nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd. Student Edition. Reprinted 2015.
3. Denlinger, Charles G. (2011). Elements of Real Analysis. Jones and Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd.
Student Edition. Reprinted 2015.

4
Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi

Additional Readings:
i. Aliprantis C. D., & Burkinshaw, O. (1998). Principles of Real Analysis (3rd ed.). Academic Press.
ii. Ross, Kenneth A. (2013). Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus (2nd ed.). Undergraduate
Texts in Mathematics, Springer. Indian reprint.
iii. Thomson, B. S., Bruckner, A. M., & Bruckner, J. B. (2001). Elementary Real Analysis. Prentice Hall.

Teaching Plan (DSC-2: Elementary Real Analysis):


Weeks 1 to 3: Algebraic and order properties of , Absolute value of a real number, Bounded
above and bounded below sets, Supremum and infimum of a nonempty subset of , The
completeness property of .
[1] Chapter 2 (Sections 2.1 to 2.3).

Week 4: Archimedean property, Density of rational numbers in .


[1] Chapter 2 [Section 2.4 (except 2.4.2 and 2.4.7)].

Weeks 5 and 6: Sequences and their limits, Convergent sequence, Limit theorems.
[1] Chapter 3 [Sections 3.1 (except 3.1.8 and 3.1.9), and 3.2].

Week 7: Monotone sequences, Monotone convergence theorem and applications.


[1] Chapter 3 (Section 3.3).

Week 8: Subsequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, Notion of limit superior and limit inferior
for bounded sequence with illustrations.
[1] Chapter 3 [Section 3.4 (with Theorems 3.4.7 and 3.4.11 without proofs)].

Week 9: Cauchy sequences of real numbers and Cauchy’s convergence criterion.


[1] Chapter 3 [Section 3.5 (3.5.1 to 3.5.6, except 3.5.6(a))].

Week 10: Convergence and divergence of infinite series, Sequence of partial sums of infinite
series, Necessary condition for convergence, Cauchy criterion for convergence of series.
[3] Chapter 8 [Section 8.1 (with Theorem 8.1.10 without proof)].

Weeks 11 and 12: Tests for convergence of positive term series: Statement of the integral test and
convergence of p-series, Basic comparison test, Limit comparison test with, Ratio and root tests.
[3] Chapter 8 [Section 8.2 (with Theorems 8.2.3, 8.2.13, 8.2.16, and 8.2.18 without proofs)].

Weeks 13 and 14: Alternating series, Leibniz test, Absolute and conditional convergence.
[2] Chapter 6 [Section 6.2 (with Theorem 6.2.9 without proof)].

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