INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO SUPEIROR DE ESCÁRCEGA

NOMBRE DEL PROFESOR (@): José Luis Ortegón Delgado

NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO (@): Sergio Pérez Cruz

NOMBRE DELA CARRERA: Ingenieria en Sistemas Computacionales

NOMBRE DE LA MATERIA: Redes de Computadoras

NOMBRE DEL TRABAJO: INGLÉS: OSI VS TCP/IP

SEMESTRE: “5”

GRUPO: “ISMA 5”

AULA: “3A”

FECHA DE ENVIO: 04/10/2024

HORA DE ENVIO: 5:00 PM

 RESEARRCH
OSI VS TCP/IP

Features of the TCP/IP

The transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model was introduced before the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model ans has five layers

1- Aplication Layer
2- Transport Layer
3- Network Access Layer
4- Network interface Layer
5- Hardware Layer

Here’s a break down of what each layer in the TCP/IP model does:

This may seem drastically different from the OSI model, mainly because some fuctions are covered in a single
layer: the application layer. In TCP/IP, this Provides users with the physical standars, transport functions,
network, interface, and Internetworking functions that correspond to the first three layers of the OSI model. In
other words, in the TCP/IP model, all of these services are performed in the Application layer.

1- Application layer. The application layer is where data originates from the sender side. Applications are
used to create the data. A web browser, for example, is used to generate the data that is sent througt
the rest of the layers, assisted by the Domian Name Systems (DNS), which associates web domian names
with their Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
2- Transport layer: At the transport layer, data is enconded so that it can be transported across the Internet
using either the user Datagram Protocol (UDP) or TCP.
3- Network access layer. At the network access layer, data gets a header and a tráiler, and these tell the
data where to go. This information is then passed on to the network interface layer.
4- Network interface layer. At the network interface layer, the data Packet is formatted and prepared to be
transported and routed across the network.
5- Hardware layer: At the hardware layer, data is converted into something that can be sent to a Computer
or other device and read. For exmanple, the IEEE 802.3 protocol is used to concert data into what is used
in an Ethernet connection.

Features of the OSI model

The OSI model is another way of transmitting data over the Internet. The biggets difference between the OSI
and TCP/IP models is that the OSI model has seven layers instead of five. Although the TCP/IP and OSI models
both transport data, the ways in which they send it are slightly different, which is why TCP/IP is sometimes used
instead of OSI. names Howover, in analyzing TCP/IP vs. OSI, there are more similarities between the OSI and
TCP/IP Models than differences. Both provide data communication sevices, allowing users to send and receive
information from their IP Address using services made available bt their Internet Service Provider (ISP).
The OSI model has the followings layers

1- Physical. This consists os a data connection between a device that generates data and the network.
2- Data link: The data link layer is the point-to-point connection that transmits data to the network layer.
3- Network. At the network layer, data gets its Address and routing instructions to prepare for its journey
across the nwtwork.
4- Transport. At the transport layer, data hops between different Points in the network on its way to its
destination.
5- Session. The Session layer has a connection that manages sessions that occur between applications.
6- Presentation. The presentation layer is where data is encrypted, decrypted, and converted into a form
that can be accessed by the application layer.
7- Application. At the application layer, an application, such as an Internet browser, gets the data and a
user can interact with it.

Similarities Between

Both the TCP/IP and OSI models provide Logical ways of establishing networks as well as processing information
using a layered systems. In both systems, each layer has a specific function. This makes it easier to identify where
problems are ocurring in the event of a failure. For example, in both models, you can determine if data is not
being transmitted correctly to a hardware device by isolating potential problems at the data link layer (OSI) or
the hardware layer(TCP7IP).

Differences Between TCP/IP and OSI models

The bigets difference between the two models is that the OSI model segments out multiple fuctions that the
TCP/IP model groups into single layers. This is true for both the application and network access layers of the
TCP/IP model, which contain multiple layers described within the OSI model. This is a significant difference
because it can make it more difficult to troubleshoot or improve performance when you use the TCP/IP model.
With the OSI model, for example, you can focus specifically on the application layer, the presentation layer, or
the session layer to figure out why data isn´t coming out the may you expect. With the TCP/IP model, on the
other hand, the functions of these three layersare combined into the application layer, ¿In other words while
someome might say, “There´s a problem at the appliation layer,” someome who thinks in terms of the OSI model
moght get confused and wonder, “That´s okay, but what part of the application layer?”.
 Network Classification; types of networks
A) TYPES OF NETWORKS ACCORDING TO THEIR EXTENSION

Depending on the scope or extensión of the networks, these can be:

• PAN networks or Personal Area Networks: These are small networks for interconnecting personal
equipment, such as laptops, mobile phones, sound systems, PDA, etc. They normally use a Bluetooh-type
Wireless connection

• LANs or Local Area Networks: These are short-range networks (up to about 200m), with equipment located
withing a building or office: They are usually the most common.
• LANs or Metropolitan Area Networks: These are networks that extend throughout a city or municipality,
even with non-adjacent buildings.
• WANs or Wide Area Networks: These are networks with a global reach, serving a coutry or continent. The
WAN network par exellence is the Internet.

It is also worth higlighting WLAN networks, or Wireless LAN networks.

B) NETWORKS ACCODING TO THEIR LEVEL OF ACCESS OR PRIVACY

We can talk about:

• Public networks; these are networks with public and global access, allowing users to communicate and
share information and services within the public área they cover. The clarest example is the Interbet.
• Private networks; these are networks restricted to their owners of the users who use them. They are
normally LAN type networks. When they use the services and tools of the Internet network (email, ftp, web,
etc.) they are called Intranets.

A special type of private network is VPN or virtual private nework. These networks interconnect different
LAN networks even if the computers are not connected to each other, taking advantage of the Internet. Tjey
provide greater privacy to connections by being able to have IP addresses on my Computer that belong to
another LAN network.

different. It is widely used in companies and organizations to eneable, among other rhings, teleworking.

C) NETWORKS ACCORDING TO THEIR TOPOLOGY

Topology refers to the physical way of connection. We can distinguish:

• Bus topoly: Computers are Connected to a single cable or communication cannel called a bus. They end in
elements called terminstors. All comuters “listen” to the information packets that circulate throuht the
channel. Tjey are networks tahat are very easily expandable, with little wiring but if data traffic is higt,
performance drops significantly.
• RING Topology: This is a Topology similar to the bus, but formimg a closed ring; no terminators are installed.
The computers receive and analyze the information packetsand if they are not the recipients of said
information, they pass it on to the next one and so on until it reachers the recipient. There is a variant, which
is the double ring, which adds another secondary ring that provides greater reliability in data transmission
and in which each devide forms parts of two different rings.

• STAR Topology: This is the one in which each host is connected to a central point or node called a switch
(formerly also called hubs) responsable for distributing the information packets to their recipient. These are
the most widrespead topologies. Easy to implement new host , fast but they require a lot of wiring.
C) Networks ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

That is, depemding on how the computers behave when they are connected to a network. It can be:

• Client-Server Networks; these are those in whing one of the host is the one that has the information or
resources and shares it with the others. For example, most Internet services are client-server; when I tey to
view a web page, it is hosted on a server that sends it to the client Computer.
• Point-to-point networks: (or peer to peer or networks between equals or P2P networks,…); these are those
in which all the connected computers act as both clients and servers. The information is requested and sent
simultaneously.

D) ACCORDING TO THE TRANSMMISIONMEDIUM

We can talk about:

• Networks using guided media (cables); When information packets are transported by cables, which may be
telephone cables, twisted pair cables, optical fiber, etc.
• Networks using non. guided media (Wireless); When information circulates wirelessly. Infrared Technology,
Bluetooth, WiFi, etc are used.
 COMPARATIVE CHART HZL 2023B

INGLÉS: OSI vs TCP/IP

Modelo OSI Modelo TCP/IP
OSI serves as a comprehensive, protocol- TCP/IP is a practical model that addresses
DEFINITION independet framework designed to encompass specific communication challenges and is based
various network communication methods on standardized protocols
Layer Struxture: The OSI model is made up of
seven layers that are conceotually stacked from
botton to top. These layers are: physical: data
link, network transport, session, presentation,
and application.
Specific Fuctions: Each layer has specific
fuctions withinh an establihed hierarchy. For
example, the physical layer is responsable for
converting digital data into physical Signals to • It is a global standard and is
be transmitted over transmission media. not tied to any
Universal Language: The OSI model provides a
manufacturer.
universal Language for Computer networks,
allowing different technologies to comunicate • It can be implemented on
with each other. basic computers and
Troubleshooting: The OSI model is a commom
CHARACTERISTICS supersomputers.
language for network administrators, and is
used to solve network problems. • Easy to use in LANs and
Standartization: The OSI model was create to WANs.
standardize Internet communications, which
were initially chaotic. • Applications independent of
Difference from the TCP/IP model The OSI the transmission system.
model focusses on separating network
functions into layers, while the TCP/IP model
focusses on end-to.end connectivity.

Both the TCP/IP and OSI models provide Logical Both the TCP/IP and OSI models provide Logical
ways of establishing networks as well as ways of establishing networks as well as
processing information using a layered system. processing information using a layered system.
SIMILARITIES In both systems, each layer has a specific In both systems, each layer has a specific
function. This makes it easier to identify where function. This makes it easier to identify where
problems are ocurring in the event of a failure. problems are ocurring in the event of a failure.
The biggest difference between the two
models is taht the OSI model segments
multiple functions that the TCP/IP model On the other hand, with the TCP/IP model, the
DIFFRERENCES groups into single layers. This is true for both functions of these three layers are combined in
the application and Network access layers of the application layer.
the TCP/IP model, which contain multiple
layers decribed withing the OSI model.

IMAGE
 NETWORK CLASIFFICATION; TYPES OF NETWORKS

TYPES OF
NETWORKS
NETWORKS NETWORKS
ACCODING TO
ACCORDING ACCORDING TO THEIR ACCORDING TO THE
THEIR LEVEL OF NETWORKS ACCORDING TO
TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL TRANSMMISIONME
ACCESS OR THEIR TOPOLOGY
EXTENSION RELATIONSHIP DIUM
PRIVACY

Bus topoly: Computers are Connected to

a single cable or communication cannel
called a bus. They end in elements called
PAN networks or
terminstors. All comuters “listen” to the
Personal Area
information packets that circulate
Networks: These are
throuht the channel. Tjey are networks
small networks for Public networks: these tahat are very easily expandable, with
interconnecting are networks with little wiring but if data traffic is higt,
personal equipment, public and global Client-Server Networks: these
performance drops significantly.
such as laptops, access, allowing users are those in whing one of the
mobile phones, to communicate and host is the one that has the
sound systems, PDA, share information and information or resources and Networks using guided media
RING Topology: This is a Topology similar
etc. They normally services within the shares it with the others. For (cables): When information
to the bus, but formimg a closed ring; no
use a Bluetooh-type public área they cover. example, most Internet services packets are transported by
terminators are installed. The computers
Wireless connection The clarest example is are client-server; when I tey to cables, which may be
receive and analyze the information
the Interbet. packetsand if they are not the recipients of view a web page, it is hosted on telephone cables, twisted pair
said information, they pass it on to the a server that sends it to the cables, optical fiber, etc.
LANs or client Computer.
next one and so on until it reachers the
Metropolitan Area: Private networks: recipient. There is a variant, which is the
These are short- these are networks Networks using non. Guided
DEIFNITION range networks (up
to about 200m),
restricted to their
double ring, which adds another
secondary ring that provides greater Point-to-point networks: (or peer media (Wireless). When
owners of the users to peer or networks between information circulates
reliability in data transmission and in
with equipment who use them. They equals or P2P networks,…); these wirelessly. Infrared
which each devide forms parts of two
located withing a are normally LAN type are those in which all the Technology, Bluetooth, WiFi,
different rings.
building or office: networks. When they connected computers act as etc are used.
They are usually the use the services and both clients and servers. The
most common. tools of the Internet information is requested and
STAR Topology: This is the one in which
network (email, ftp, each host is connected to a central point sent simultaneously.
web, etc.) they are or node called a switch (formerly also
WANs or Wide Area called Intranets. called hubs) responsable for distributing
Networks: These are
the information packets to their recipient.
networks with a
These are the most widrespead
global reach, serving
topologies. Easy to implement new host,
a coutry or
fast but they require a lot of wiring.
continent. The WAN
network par
exellence is the
Internet.

IMAGE
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFRENCES

Modelo TCP/IP vs. Modelo OSI . (s/f). Fortinet. Recuperado el 30 de septiembre de 2024, de
https://www.fortinet.com/lat/resources/cyberglossary/tcp-ip-model-vs-osi-model

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el modelo OSI y el modelo TCP/IP? (2019, 11 de enero). Conocimiento.
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Meza, Q. (2021, 18 de febrero). Diferencias entre el modelo OSI y TCP/IP . /clases/2225-redes/35596-

comparacion-entre-ambos-modelos/; Platzi INC. https://platzi.com/clases/2225-redes/35596-comparacion-
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