MODULE IN

URDANETA CITY People and the

College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Chapter1: Basic Concepts of Science WRITE THE CONCEPT MAP OF THE TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY
Objectives: At the end of this module, the student should be able to,
1. Define the following terms:
a. Science
b. Technology
2. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of technology to society.
3. Study the importance of scientific method;
4. Write a concept map of the branches of natural science

Discussion:
We live in a world dominated by science. Example, the fluorescent light,
television, mobile phone, vehicle, air conditioning and even the water that flows from
the faucet are few developments we enjoy and these have been developed through
an understanding of the principles in science.

SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY

Advantage and Disadvantage of Technology

Technology has great benefits to human life. And for every benefit that human can
receive and utilize different innovations of technology, however, there are many
disadvantages that technology can contribute to human health and to the environment.

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024

 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Technology Advantages Disadvantages The scientific method is the orderly and systematic approach to solve problems. Scientists
UNIVERSITY
Fill in the blanks. Write the appropriate answer on the blank. Examples gather information and test ideas. The scientific method is not one set of steps to follow
like those in a recipe for a cake. It is a logical plan for solving a puzzle.
are done for you.
Physics: • Four Key Processes involved in scientific method:
I. OBSERVATION is an examination of something in nature using the five senses.
Vehicles Mode for easy Contribute to air
Observation involved:
transportation pollution
a. Gathering of data
Mobile Mode for easy Exposure to radiation
b. Analyzing data
phone communication c. Identifying problem
II. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS is a possible answer to a questions or problems in the
Appliances _____________________ ___________________ observation. Forming a hypothesis requires careful thought and skill.
_____________________ ___________________ III. EXPERIMENTATION is a controlled procedure that designed to test the hypothesis. The
Biology: experiment that tests the hypothesis given is called control group while experimental
group undergo experimentation. Variables are factors that make the experimental group
Cloning Mass production of animals No more identity different from the control group.
and plants differences Data is the result of the experiment
DNA testing Fraternal identification Costly Data can be in two forms:
GMO _____________________ ___________________ 1. Qualitative data- data that describe characteristics or properties of an object being
products _____________________ ___________________ observed such as color, size, texture, shape, and traits.
Example: The precipitate appeared a yellow-green substance.
Chemistry:
2. Quantitative data – data that describe numbers.
Medicine Example: The substance weighs 5 grams.
Cure different illnesses It can be lead to IV. CONCLUSION is a statement that tells if the data support the hypothesis.
addiction a. Making up a THEORY
Cosmetics - If the data do not support the hypothesis, the scientist may repeat the procedure
Make one self-confident It can cause allergy
___________________ of the experiment or may plan new experiment to test the hypothesis.
Condiments _____________________ - Theory is the idea that has been supported by many experiments.
b. The SCIENTIFIC LAW is a general statement that describes some pattern in nature.
_____________________ ___________________ - This may be in words or in a mathematical form and these are data that support the
Processed _____________________ ___________________ hypothesis.
food
Fabrics _____________________
__________________

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024

 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Name: ________________________________________________Score: ________Rate: ________ EXERCISE 1

UNIVERSITY
Class Schedule: _________________________________________Date: _____________________ Nature of Science

Read each statement and answer the following questions. Write the letter on the
space provided for. ___5. Statement 1: Scientific method is the orderly and systematic approach to solve
___1. Statement 1: Science is a systematized body of knowledge based on facts problems.
gathered through observation and formulated by laws and Statement 2: Scientific method used to gather information or data and to test the
principles. ideas.
Statement 2: Science came from the Greek word “scientia” meaning to study. a. One statement is true c. Both statements are true
a) Statement 1 is true c. Both statements are true b. One statement is false d. Both statements are false
b) Statement 2 is true d. Both statements are not true
___2. Statement 1: Observation is the examination of something in nature through
the use of five senses. For question 6-15, answer the following description into:
Statement 2: Observations involve gathering of data A. QUALITATIVE or B. QUANTITATIVE data. Write the letter only.
a. One statement is true c. Both statements are true ___6. The wax is soft.
b. One statement is false d. Both statements are false ___7. The temperature of the body is 35 0C.
___3. Statement 1: Hypothesis is the possible answer to the questions. ___8. The red litmus paper turned into blue litmus paper.
Statement 2: Experimentation process designed to test the hypothesis. ___9. There are 25 oranges on the table.
a. Statement 1 is true c. Both statements are not true ___10. The flower is red.
b. Statement 2 is true d. Both statements are true ___11. The diameter of the golf ball is 5cm.
___4. Statement 1: Theory is the data that do not support the hypotheses. ___12. The mass of a balikbayan box is 15 kilos.
Statement 2:Theory helps scientist to explain the idea that has been supported ___13. Our Classroom is so hot.
by many theories. ___14. The subject Analytical Chemistry is difficult but a challenge for the pre-service
a. Statement 1 is true teachers
b. Statement 2 is true ___15. The experimentation in the Chemistry laboratory is dangerous that is the reason
c. Both statements are not true why students have the precautions and prevention measures discussed by their instructor.
d. Both statements are true

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024

 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Chapter 2: Introduction to Environmental Science Lesson 2: Historical Roots of Ecology

UNIVERSITY
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Definition:
1. define environmental science and ecology
2. state the history of Ecology; Ecology usually derived from two Greek word “Oikos” which means
3. Make a timeline of the history of ecology; and “HOUSEHOLD” and “logos” meaning “TO STUDY”.
4. relate the ecological principles and laws
Etymology – study of the origin and development of a word
Topic Outlines:
Lesson 1 Definition of Environmental Science & Ecology Scientists for ecology
Lesson 2 Historical Roots of Ecology (1869) Earnst Haeckel -he was first to define ecology
Lesson 3 Ecological Laws & Principles Deals on the comprehensive science of relationship of organism
and environment
Lesson 1: Definition of Environmental Science & Ecology (1927) Elton scientific natural history of ecology
(1935) Arthur Tansley coined the term ecosystem, the interactive system established
Environmental Science gives an overview of how the biotic and abiotic affects between the biocoenosis - the group of living creatures), and their
our environment. It also focuses on interactions between the solid Earth, its biotope - the environment in which they live.
water, its air and its living organisms, and on dynamic, interdependent - Ecology thus became the science of ecosystems.
relationships between these four components. (1961) Andrewartha Scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms
(1985) Krebs scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to and abundance of organisms
one another and to their physical surroundings.
Lesson 3: Ecological Laws & Principles
Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and their - Four Laws of Ecology
environment. This includes living things (biotic factors) and non-living things
(abiotic factors). Objective: At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Enumerate and discuss the four laws of ecology, and
2. Relate these laws to life experiences.

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024

 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Concepts: functions and existence of the others and the whole ecosystems.
UNIVERSITY
1. First Law of Ecology – Everything is connected to everything else.
o Diversity and stability. It is believed that a diverse community is a
stable community. The more species present, the more stable the
➢ Ecosystem consists of interconnected relationship (i.e. human, community. Because several species keep other species
animals, plants, bacteria, fungi) which act on one another and has preventing any species from overpopulating the habitat.
an affect one another. o Balance of Nature. Ecosystems are capable of self-maintenance
➢ Anything done by any organism can affect other organisms either and self-regulation. That is the reason why ecosystem is not stable
directly or indirectly. but it is dynamic. Predation is one important interaction of species
➢ Example situation: in a community. Since predator kills off some members of the
Justify the effect of human-frog relationship in a rice field that in the population and is good regulator of population density. If there are
end as frog population decreases followed the increased of no predations, the population of individual would swell and lead to
grasshoppers. overcrowding and severe competition for resources.
________________________________________________________ o Stewardship. Christian doctrine posits that nature and its
________________________________________________________ resources are God’s gift to all and that, human should take care all
________________________________________________________ these gifts for the future generations.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Second law of Ecology – Everything must go somewhere.
________________________________________________________
➢ This law emphasizes that in nature, no matter what you do and no
________________________________________________________
matter what you use, it has to go somewhere.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ Example, wastes thrown do not just disappear but it has to go
________________________________________________________ somewhere.
➢_____
Principles that support the first law: ➢ Principles has support to this law:
o Interdependence/interrelatedness. Living things are o Balance of Nature.
interdependent with one another and with their environment. o Stewardship.
Both biotic and abiotic components are equally important in
the ecosystem because the absence of one affects the

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024

 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Example situation: o Change. Change is basic to nature. Ecologically speaking, nature

UNIVERSITY
Dry-cell battery mercury is purchased, used to the point of changes over time gradually. Any change in the community affects the
exhaustion and then thrown away. But where does it really go? First, organism within it.
it is placed in a container of rubbish, this is collected and taken into
✓ Natural change to ecosystem is healthy but human induce
an incinerator. The mercury is heated; this produces mercury vapor
which is emitted by the incinerator stack and mercury vapor is toxic changes like environmental disturbances cause chaos in natural
and carried by the wind eventually brought to the earth in rain or system. These result in the environment crises like pollution that
snow. And if any chance, mercury condenses and sinks to the bottom the world faces today.
hence, it is acted by the bacteria which converted it to methyl
o Sustainability. Actions may address to sustain that needs of the present
mercury. From this scenario, what will be the fate of methyl mercury
as it flows out to the bodies of water. situation without compromising the environment.

_____________________________________________________ 4. Fourth law of ecology. There is no such Thing as a Free Lunch. It means
_____________________________________________________
that everything we get from nature has its own price and should we paid
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ or replaced it.
_____________________________________________________ ➢ Principle: Finiteness and Resource. Even the most abundant natural
_____________________________________________________ resources are in danger of being depleted in the light of human
_____________________________________________________
overpopulation and overexploitation.
__________________________________

Example situation:
Deforestation activity of human shows lack of concern about to the environment.
This activity cannot be avoided nowadays but need to mitigate it. The
environmental crises can be delayed but may be manifested as time goes by.
3. Third Law of Ecology. Nature knows best.
➢ People think that nature can be improved or reinvented but human List some environmental result for this deforestation activity.
playing with these thoughts can often produce harm to the ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
environment. ________________________________________________________________
➢ Global warming is one of the consequences to this anthropological ________________________________________________________________
activity of human to nature.
➢ Principle that support to this law:
Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024
 MODULE IN
URDANETA CITY People and the
College of Teacher Education Earth Ecosystem
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta

Name: __________________________________________Score: ________Rate: ________ Name: __________________________________________Score: ________Rate: ________

UNIVERSITY Class Schedule: ___________________________________Date: _____________________
Class Schedule: ___________________________________Date: _____________________

EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 3
Introduction to Environmental Science Laws of Ecology

Match column A to column B. Write the letter of the

correct answer.
Define operationally the Environmental Science & Ecology.
Column A Column B
(Environmental Principles) (Environmental Law)
______1. Interdependence a. First law of Ecology: Everything
______2. Diversity & stability is Connected to Everything Else
______3. Change
______4. Balance of Nature b. The second law of Ecology:
everything must go somewhere
______5. Finiteness of Resources
Make a timeline in history of the ecology (Use the blank sheet)
______6. Pollution
c. The Third law of ecology:
______7. Stewardship nature knows best
______8. Sustainability
______9. Interrelatedness d. Fourth law of ecology: there is
______10. Sustainable development no such thing as a free lunch

Winnie T. Arquines, MASE | 2nd Semester 2023-2024