1. Java vs.

JavaScript

 Java:
o A compiled and object-oriented programming language.
o Primarily used for building standalone applications and server-side
applications.
o Strongly typed (you must declare the type of variables before using them).
o Syntax is similar to C++.
o Java programs run in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
 JavaScript:
o A scripting language that runs inside the web browser.
o Primarily used for client-side functionality (such as form validation, dynamic
content).
o Loosely typed (you don’t need to declare types of variables).
o Runs in browsers without compilation; executed by JavaScript engine (e.g.,
V8 for Chrome).

2. Why Choose Java?

 Java is one of the most popular programming languages in the world.

 It supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), which models real-world problems.
 Java is platform-independent—programs written in Java can run on any machine
that supports the JVM.

3. Structure of a Java Program

// Hello World Program in Java

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Print statement

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

Explanation:

 public class HelloWorld: Declares a class called HelloWorld. Every Java program
needs at least one class.
 public static void main(String[] args): This is the main method where the program
starts execution.
 System.out.println("Hello, World!"): This prints "Hello, World!" to the console.

4. Steps to Compile and Run a Java Program

 1. Write the code in a file named HelloWorld.java.
2. Compile the code using the command: javac HelloWorld.java.
o This generates a .class file containing bytecode.
3. Run the program using the command: java HelloWorld.
o The JVM interprets the bytecode and executes the program.

5. Java Terminologies

 Class: A blueprint for creating objects. It defines data and behavior.

 Object: An instance of a class. You can create many objects from one class.
 Method: A block of code that performs a specific task.
 Field: Variables within a class that represent the properties of an object.

Variables and Data Types

1. Variables

 A variable is a container that holds data that can be changed during the execution of a
program.
 Declaration: int x;
 Initialization: x = 5;

2. Data Types in Java

1. Primitive Data Types:

o int: Whole numbers (e.g., int x = 5;)
o double: Floating-point numbers (e.g., double y = 5.99;)
o char: Single characters (e.g., char letter = 'A';)
o boolean: True or false (e.g., boolean isJavaFun = true;)

2. Non-Primitive Data Types:

o String: A sequence of characters (e.g., String name = "Java";)
o Arrays, Classes, Interfaces, etc.

3. Examples of Variable Declaration and Initialization

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int myNum = 15; // Integer

double myDouble = 5.99; // Floating-point number

char myChar = 'A'; // Character

boolean myBool = true; // Boolean

String myText = "Hello"; // String

}
4. Java Operators

 Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, % (modulo)

o Example: int sum = 10 + 5; // sum = 15
 Relational Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
o Example: if (a > b) {...}
 Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
o Example: x += 5; // Equivalent to x = x + 5;

Basic Java Program: Hello World!

Let's break down a simple "Hello World" program to understand the basics.

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!"); // Print statement

 Explanation:
o public class HelloWorld: This defines a class named HelloWorld. In Java, all
code must be part of a class.
o public static void main(String[] args): This is the main method, the
entry point where the program starts running.
o System.out.println(): This prints text to the console. It is a pre-built Java
method.

Java Comments

 Comments are ignored by the compiler and are used to provide explanations within the
code.
 Single-line comment: // This is a single-line comment
 Multi-line comment:

/*
This is a multi-line comment
*/
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Setup

You can use an IDE to write, compile, and run your Java code more efficiently. Popular Java
IDEs include:

1. Eclipse: Feature-rich with auto-completion and debugging tools.

2. IntelliJ IDEA: Offers a modern interface and advanced development tools.
3. NetBeans: Good for beginners.

Steps:

1. Download and Install the JDK (Java Development Kit) from Oracle’s website.
2. Install an IDE (e.g., Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA).
3. Create a new Java project.
4. Write code and run it directly from the IDE.

Practice Problems (Day 1–2)

1. Hello World Program:

o Write a program to print "Hello Students" on one line and "Jadavpur University" on
the next.

public class HelloStudents {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello Students");
System.out.println("Jadavpur University");
}
}

2. Simple Arithmetic:

 Write a program that takes two numbers from the user and outputs their sum,
difference, and product.

import java.util.Scanner; // Import the Scanner class

public class Arithmetic {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); // Create a Scanner object

System.out.println("Enter first number: ");

int num1 = sc.nextInt();

 System.out.println("Enter second number: ");

int num2 = sc.nextInt();

int sum = num1 + num2;

int difference = num1 - num2;

int product = num1 * num2;

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);

System.out.println("Difference: " + difference);

System.out.println("Product: " + product);

Day 1–2 Goals

 Understand the basics of Java syntax: Writing and running simple programs.
 Learn to differentiate Java from JavaScript.
 Get comfortable with variable declaration, data types, and performing arithmetic
operations.
 Set up your IDE and familiarize yourself with writing and running Java code.