AS Physics

Kinematics Worksheet
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1 A ball is kicked upwards at an angle of 45° to horizontal ground. After a short flight, the ball
returns to the ground.

It may be assumed that air resistance is negligible.

What is never zero during the flight of the ball?

A the horizontal component of the ball’s acceleration

B the horizontal component of the ball’s velocity
C the vertical component of the ball’s momentum
D the vertical component of the ball’s velocity

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2 The graph shows the variation with time t of the displacement s of an object.

0
0 t

Which graph represents the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the object?

A B

a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

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3 One object moves directly from P to R.

In a shorter time, a second object moves from P to Q to R.

Which statement about the two objects is correct for the journey from P to R?

A They have the same average speed.

B They have the same average velocity.
C They have the same displacement.
D They travel the same distance.

4 A ball is kicked so that it has an initial velocity of 12 m s–1 at an angle of 50 to horizontal ground.

Assume that air resistance is negligible.

12 m s–1

50

What is the maximum height above the ground that is reached by the ball?

A 0.47 m B 3.0 m C 4.3 m D 7.3 m

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5 A rock is launched vertically upwards from the surface of the Earth and an identical rock is
launched vertically upwards from the surface of Mars. Each rock is launched with an initial
velocity of 12 m s–1.

Each rock then reaches its maximum height above the surface before returning back down to the
surface. The velocity–time graph for each rock is shown. In both cases, air resistance is
negligible.

15
velocity
/ m s–1 10

0 time / s
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
–5
Earth Mars
–10

–15

What is the difference in the maximum heights of the two rocks?

A 12 m B 15 m C 19 m D 24 m

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6 A parachutist falls from a stationary balloon at time t = 0. The velocity–time graph for the
parachutist from time t = 0 until the time when he is just above the ground is shown.

velocity

0
0 P Q R S time

Which graph best shows the variation with time of the acceleration of the parachutist?

A B

acceleration acceleration

0 0
0 P Q R S time 0 P Q R S time

C D

acceleration acceleration

0 0
0 P Q R S time 0 P Q R S time

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7 A projectile is fired from point P with velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal. It lands at point Q,
a horizontal distance R from P, after time T.

path of projectile
V

T
P Q
horizontal
R

The acceleration of free fall is g. Air resistance is negligible.

Which equation is correct?

A R = VT cos θ

B R = VT sin θ

C R = VT cos θ – 21 gT 2

D R = VT sin θ – 21 gT 2

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8 What is the definition of acceleration?

A the rate of change of displacement

B the rate of change of kinetic energy
C the rate of change of momentum
D the rate of change of velocity

9 An astronaut on the Moon, where there is no air resistance, throws a ball. The ball’s initial velocity
has a vertical component of 8.00 m s–1 and a horizontal component of 4.00 m s–1, as shown.

initial velocity

path of ball
8.00 m s–1

4.00 m s–1

The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is 1.62 m s–2.

What is the speed of the ball 9.00 s after being thrown?

A 6.58 m s–1 B 7.70 m s–1 C 10.6 m s–1 D 14.6 m s–1

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10 How can the acceleration of an object be

determined? A from the area under a

displacement–time graph
B from the area under a velocity–time graph
C from the gradient of a displacement–time graph
D from the gradient of a velocity–time graph

11 A sprinter takes a time of 11.0 s to run a 100 m race. She first accelerates uniformly from
rest, reaching a speed of 10 m s–1. She then runs at a constant speed of 10 m s–1 until the finish
line.
What is the uniform acceleration of the sprinter for the first part of the race?

A 0.5 m s–2 B 0.91 m s–2 C 1.7 m s–2 D 5.0 m s–2

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12 An object falls freely from rest in a vacuum. The graph shows the variation with time t of
the velocity v of the object.

0
0 t

Which graph, using the same scales, represents the object falling in air?

A B C D
v v v v

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t

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13 The curved line PQR is the velocity–time graph for a car starting from rest.

velocity R

P S
0
0 5 time / s

What is the average acceleration of the car over the first 5 s?

A the area below the curve PQ

B the area of the triangle PQS
C the gradient of the straight line PQ
D the gradient of the tangent at Q

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14 A ball is thrown horizontally with a speed of 10.0 m s–1 above horizontal ground. The ball hits
the ground after a time of 3.0 s.

Air resistance is negligible.

What is the speed of the ball just before it hits the ground?

A 10 m s–1 B 29 m s–1 C 31 m s–1 D 39 m s–1

15 An object is moving along the ground in a straight line at a constant speed.

Which statement about the resultant force acting on the object is correct?

A The resultant force acting on the object is equal to its weight.

B The resultant force acting on the object is equal to the product of its mass and its velocity.
C The resultant force acting on the object is equal to the resistive force.
D The resultant force acting on the object is equal to zero.

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16 A projectile is launched at an angle above horizontal ground and travels through the air.

projectile X
path of the projectile

ground

The projectile reaches its maximum height at position X. Assume that no upthrust acts on the
projectile.

Which diagram shows the directions of the force or forces acting on the projectile at position X?

A B C D

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17 A car travels anticlockwise along a horizontal circular road of radius 12 m, as shown.

The car takes a time of 4.0 s to move from position P to position Q.

direction of
travel of car
12 m
P

road

What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car for the journey from P to Q?

A 4.2 m s–1 B 4.7 m s–1 C 6.0 m s–1 D 14 m s–1

18 The water surface in a deep well is 78.0 m below the top of the well. A person at the top of
the well drops a heavy stone down the well.

Air resistance is negligible. The speed of sound in the air is 330 m s–1.

What is the time interval between the person dropping the stone and hearing it hitting the water?

A 3.75 s B 3.99 s C 4.19 s D 4.22 s

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19 A particle accelerates from rest.

The graph shows the variation of the velocity v of the particle with time t.

0
0 t

Which graph shows the variation of the velocity v with the acceleration a of the particle?

A B C D
v v v v

0 0 0 0
0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a

20 The graph shows the vertical velocity of a parachutist during the first 20 s of her jump.

60
velocity
/ m s–1

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s

Approximately how far does she fall before opening the parachute?

A 390 m B 570 m C 710 m D 770 m

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21 A toy car travels on a circular track at a constant speed of 0.50 m s–1. It passes a point on
the track at time t = 0 and takes a time of 40 s to travel once around the track.

The magnitude of the average velocity of the car between t = 0 and t = 20 s is v20.

The magnitude of the average velocity of the car between t = 0 and t = 40 s is v40.

What are v20 and v40?

v20 / m s–1 v40 / m s–1

A 0.32 0
B 0.32 0.32
C 0.50 0
D 0.50 0.50

22 The graph shows how the velocity v of an object moving in a straight line varies with time t
from t = 0 to t = T.

0 t
0 T

Which graph could represent the displacement s of the object from time t = 0 to t = T ?

A B
s s

0 t
0 T

0 t
0 T

C D
s s

0 t 0 t
0 T 0 T

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23 A goods train passes through a station at a steady speed of 10 m s–1 at time t = 0. An

express train is at rest at the station. The express train leaves the station with a uniform
acceleration of 0.5 m s–2 just as the goods train goes past. Both trains move in the same
direction on straight, parallel tracks.

At which time t does the express train overtake the goods train?

A 6s B 10 s C 20 s D 40 s

24 The acceleration of free fall on the surface of planet P is one-tenth of that on the surface
of planet Q.

On the surface of P, an object has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.

What are the mass and the weight of the same object on the surface of planet Q?

mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N

A 1.0 0.1
B 1.0 10
C 10 10
D 10 100

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25 Four cars, A, B, C and D, move from rest in a straight line. The cars take the same time
to accelerate to a velocity of 60 km h–1. Their velocity–time graphs are shown.

Which car reaches a velocity of 60 km h–1 in the shortest distance?

60
velocity
/ km h–1
A

B
C

0
0 time

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26 A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial speed v at an angle α to the horizontal.

v
H


Which equation is correct for the maximum height H reached?

H = v sin α H = (v sin α )
g sin α 2 g 2 sin α
A B H= C D H=
2g 2v 2g 2v

27 A skydiver, who is falling vertically through the air, opens his

parachute.
Which row describes the velocity of the skydiver immediately after he opens his parachute?

direction of magnitude of
velocity velocity

A downwards decreases
B downwards increases
C upwards decreases
D upwards increases

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28 A projectile is launched at an angle to the horizontal at time t = 0. It travels over

horizontal ground, as shown.

path of projectile

ground

Air resistance is negligible.

Which graph best shows the variation with t of the speed of the projectile from when it is launched
to when it lands on the ground?

A B

speed speed

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

speed speed

0 0
0 t 0 t

29 A train, initially at rest at a station, has a uniform acceleration of 0.20 m s–2 until it reaches
a speed of 20 m s–1. It travels for a time at this constant speed and then has a uniform
deceleration of 0.40 m s–2 until it comes to rest at the next station. The distance between the
two stations is 3000 m.

What is the time taken by the train to travel between the two stations?

A 75 s B 150 s C 230 s D 300 s

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30 Which graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of an object falling
vertically downwards in a vacuum?

A B

v v

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

v v

0 0
0 t 0 t

31 A projectile is fired from point P with velocity V at an angle  to the horizontal. It lands at point
Q, a horizontal distance R from P. Air resistance is negligible.

path of projectile
V

P  Q
horizontal
R

The acceleration of free fall is g.

Which equation for R is correct?

R = V sin  cos 
2
A
g

R = 2V sin  cos 
2
B
g

R = V sin  cos 
2
C
2g

V 2g sin  cos 
D R=
2

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32 An archer shoots an arrow at a target. The diagram shows the path of the
arrow.
path of arrow

target

archer

Air resistance is negligible.

The graphs show how three different quantities p, q and r vary with time.

p q r

0 0 0
0 time 0 time 0 time

Which quantity could be the horizontal component of displacement and which quantity could be
the vertical component of displacement of the arrow?

horizontal vertical
component of component of
displacement displacement

A p q
B q r
C r p
D r q

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33 The graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity of a vehicle moving in a straight line.

16
velocity 14
/ m s–1
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t/s

The vehicle, moving at 4.0 m s–1, begins to accelerate at time t = 0.

What is the vehicle’s acceleration at time t = 3.0 s?

A 0.67 m s–2 B 1.0 m s–2 C 1.3 m s–2 D 2.0 m s–2

34 A stone is projected vertically upwards from the ground at an initial speed of 15 m s–1.
Air resistance is negligible.

What is the maximum height reached by the stone?

A 0.76 m B 11 m C 23 m D 110 m

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1 A ball on horizontal ground is kicked towards a vertical wall. Fig. 2.1 shows the path of the ball.

path of ball

horizontal h
u
ground
wall
38°

9.0 m
ball

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The ball has an initial velocity u at an angle of 38° to the ground. The ball travels a horizontal
distance of 9.0 m before striking the wall at a height h above the ground. The horizontal
component uH of the initial velocity of the ball is 9.5 m s–1.

Air resistance is negligible.

(a) (i) Show that the time t for the ball to reach the wall is 0.95 s.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the vertical component uV of the initial velocity of the ball.

uV = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

(iii) Determine h.

h = ...................................................... m [2]
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(b) The speed of the ball just after striking the wall is less than its speed just before striking the
wall.

State what this indicates about the nature of the collision of the ball with the wall.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]
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2 Water leaves the end of a hose pipe at point P with a horizontal velocity of 6.6 m s–1, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.

hose pipe
P 6.6 m s–1
path of water

Q ground

3.5 m

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

Point P is at height h above the ground. The water hits the ground at point Q. The horizontal
distance from P to Q is 3.5 m.

Air resistance is negligible. Assume that the water between P and Q consists of non-interacting
droplets of water and that the only force acting on each droplet is its weight.

(a) Explain, briefly, why the horizontal component of the velocity of a droplet of water remains
constant as it moves from P to Q.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Show that the time taken for a droplet of water to move from P to Q is 0.53 s.

[1]

(c) Calculate height h.

h = ...................................................... m [2]
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(d) For the movement of a droplet of water from P to Q, state and explain whether the
displacement of the droplet is less than, more than or the same as the distance along its path.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Calculate the magnitude of the displacement of a droplet of water that moves from P to Q.

displacement = ...................................................... m [2]

[Total: 7]
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3 An archer releases an arrow towards a target at a velocity of 65.0 m s–1 at an angle of 4.30° above
the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

arrow, speed
65.0 m s–1 4.30°
centre of target
target

archer 1.66 m
70.0 m

ground

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

When released, the tip of the arrow is a horizontal distance of 70.0 m from the target and 1.66 m
above the horizontal ground.

The arrow hits the centre of the target.

Assume that air resistance is negligible and that all the mass of the arrow is at its tip.

(a) Show that the time taken for the arrow to reach the target is 1.08 s.

[2]

(b) Calculate the height of the centre of the target above the ground.

height above ground = ...................................................... m [3]

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(c) By considering energy changes, state and explain how the final kinetic energy of the arrow as
it hits the target compares with its initial kinetic energy immediately after release. A numerical
calculation is not required.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

4 (a) Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each of the quantities is a vector or a scalar.

quantity vector or scalar

acceleration
speed
power

Fig. 1.1
[2]

(b) A ball is projected with a horizontal velocity of 1.1 m s–1 from point A at the edge of a table, as
shown in Fig. 1.2.

table ball 1.1 m s–1

A
path of ball

B
horizontal
ground
0.43 m

Fig. 1.2

The ball lands on horizontal ground at point B which is a distance of 0.43 m from the base of
the table. Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from A to B.

time = ....................................................... s [1]

(ii) Use your answer in (b)(i) to determine the height of the table.

height = ...................................................... m [2]

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(iii) The ball leaves the table at time t = 0.

For the motion of the ball between A and B, sketch graphs on Fig. 1.3 to show the
variation with time t of

1. the acceleration a of the ball,

2. the vertical component sv of the displacement of the ball from A.

Numerical values are not required.

a sv

0 0
0 t 0 t

Fig. 1.3
[2]

(c) A ball of greater mass is projected from the table with the same velocity as the ball in (b). Air
resistance is still negligible.

State and explain the effect, if any, of the increased mass on the time taken for the ball to fall
to the ground.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

5 (a) Define

(i) displacement,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A remote-controlled toy car moves up a ramp and travels across a gap to land on another
ramp, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

path of car

5.5 m s–1
car

ramp P ramp Q

d ground
θ

Fig. 1.1

The car leaves ramp P with a velocity of 5.5 m s–1 at an angle θ to the horizontal. The
horizontal component of the car’s velocity as it leaves the ramp is 4.6 m s–1. The car lands at
the top of ramp Q. The tops of both ramps are at the same height and are distance d apart.
Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Show that the car leaves ramp P with a vertical component of velocity of 3.0 m s–1.

[1]

(ii) Determine the time taken for the car to travel between the ramps.

time taken = ....................................................... s [2]

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(iii) Calculate the horizontal distance d between the tops of the ramps.

d = ...................................................... m [1]

(iv) Calculate the ratio

kinetic energy of the car at its maximum height

.
kinetic energy of the car as it leaves ramp P

ratio = ........................................................... [3]

(c) Ramp Q is removed. The car again leaves ramp P as in (b) and now lands directly on the
ground. The car leaves ramp P at time t = 0 and lands on the ground at time t = T.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t of the vertical component vy of the car’s velocity
from t = 0 to t = T. Numerical values of vy and t are not required.

vy

0
0 T tt

Fig. 1.2
[2]

[Total: 11]
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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

6 A golfer strikes a ball so that it leaves horizontal ground with a velocity of 6.0 m s–1 at an angle θ to
the horizontal, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

vY
6.0 m s–1
4.8 m s–1
ball

θ vX
ground

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The magnitude of the initial vertical component vY of the velocity is 4.8 m s–1.
Assume that air resistance is negligible.

(a) Show that the magnitude of the initial horizontal component vX of the velocity is 3.6 m s–1.

[1]
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(b) The ball leaves the ground at time t = 0 and reaches its maximum height at t = 0.49 s.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch separate lines to show the variation with time t, until the ball returns to the
ground, of

(i) the vertical component vY of the velocity (label this line Y), [2]

(ii) the horizontal component vX of the velocity (label this line X). [2]

5.0

4.0
velocity / m s–1
3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
t/s
–1.0

–2.0

–3.0

–4.0

–5.0

Fig. 1.2

(c) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

maximum height = ...................................................... m [2]

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7 A ball is thrown from a point P with an initial velocity u of 12 m s–1 at 50° to the horizontal,
as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.

path of ball
Q

X =12 m s–1

50°
P horizontal

Fig. 2.1

The ball reaches maximum height at Q.

Air resistance is negligible.

(a) Calculate

(i) the horizontal component of u,

horizontal component = ................................................. m s–1 [1]

(ii) the vertical component of u.

vertical component = ................................................. m s–1 [1]

(b) Show that the maximum height reached by the ball is 4.3 m.

[2]

(c) Determine the magnitude of the displacement PQ.

displacement = ...................................................... m [4]

[Total: 8]
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8 (a) Define acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A ball is kicked from horizontal ground towards the top of a vertical wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

path of ball

v
wall
ball

28°
horizontal
24 m ground

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The horizontal distance between the initial position of the ball and the base of the wall is 24 m.
The ball is kicked with an initial velocity v at an angle of 28° to the horizontal. The ball hits the
top of the wall after a time of 1.5 s. Air resistance may be assumed to be negligible.

(i) Calculate the initial horizontal component vX of the velocity of the ball.

vX = ................................................. m s−1 [1]

(ii) Show that the initial vertical component vY of the velocity of the ball is 8.5 m s−1.

[2]

(iii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height above the ground.

time = ........................................................ s [2]

 7

(iv) The ball is kicked at time t = 0. On Fig. 2.2, sketch the variation with time t of the vertical
component vY of the velocity of the ball until it hits the wall. It may be assumed that
velocity is positive when in the upwards direction.

10.0

vY / m s–1

5.0

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
t /s

–5.0

–10.0

Fig. 2.2
[2]

(c) (i) Use the information in (b) to determine the maximum height of the ball above the ground.

maximum height = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) The maximum gravitational potential energy of the ball above the ground is 22 J. Calculate
the mass of the ball.

mass = ...................................................... kg [2]

(d) A ball of greater mass is kicked with the same velocity as the ball in (b).
State and explain the effect, if any, of the increased mass on the maximum height reached by
the ball. Air resistance is still assumed to be negligible.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 13]
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9 A man standing on a wall throws a small ball vertically upwards with a velocity of 5.6 m s–1. The
ball leaves his hand when it is at a height of 3.1 m above the ground, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

ball
velocity 5.6 m s–1
man

3.1 m wall

ground

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

Assume that air resistance is negligible.

(a) Show that the ball reaches a maximum height above the ground of 4.7 m.

[2]

(b) The man does not catch the ball as it falls.

Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from its maximum height to the ground.

time taken = ...................................................... s [2]

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(c) The ball leaves the man’s hand at time t = 0 and hits the ground at time t = T.

On Fig. 3.2, sketch a graph to show the variation of the velocity v of the ball with time t from
t = 0 to t = T. Numerical values of v and t are not required. Assume that v is positive in the
upward direction.

0
0 T
t

Fig. 3.2
[3]

(d) State what is represented by the gradient of the graph in (c).

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) The man now throws a second ball with the same velocity and from the same height as the
first ball. The mass of the second ball is greater than that of the first ball. Assume that air
resistance is still negligible.

For the first and second balls, compare:

(i) the magnitudes of their accelerations

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the speeds with which they hit the ground.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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10 (a) Define velocity.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A constant driving force of 2400 N acts on a car of mass 1200 kg. The car accelerates from
rest in a straight line along a horizontal road.

Assume that the resistive forces acting on the car are negligible.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [1]

(ii) On Fig. 3.1, sketch a graph showing the variation with time t of the velocity v of the car
for the first 20 seconds of its motion.

Label this line A.

50

40

v / m s–1

30

20

10

0
0 4 8 12 16 20
t/s

Fig. 3.1
[2]

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(c) In reality, a resistive force due to air resistance acts on the car in (b). This resistive force
increases with speed until it becomes equal in magnitude to the driving force at time t = 12 s.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, sketch a second line to show the variation with time t of the velocity v of the
car for the first 20 seconds of its motion. Label this line B. [3]

(ii) At time t = 20 s, the driving force is increased to 3000 N and remains constant at this
value.

Describe how the velocity of the car changes due to this increase in the driving force.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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11 (a) Define acceleration.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A steel ball of diameter 0.080 m is released from rest and falls vertically in air, as illustrated in
Fig. 2.1.

position of ball steel ball of

when released diameter 0.080 m

0.280 m
horizontal
position P beam of light of
of ball negligible width

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

A horizontal beam of light of negligible width is a vertical distance of 0.280 m below the bottom
of the ball when it is released. The ball falls through and breaks the beam of light.

(i) Explain why the force due to air resistance acting on the ball may be neglected when
calculating the time taken for the ball to reach the beam of light.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from rest to position P where the bottom of the
ball touches the beam of light.

time taken = ....................................................... s [2]

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(iii) Determine the time interval during which the beam of light is broken by the ball.

time interval = ....................................................... s [2]

(c) A different ball is released from the same position as the steel ball in (b). This ball has the
same diameter but a much lower density. For this ball, the force due to air resistance cannot
be neglected as the ball falls.

State and explain the change, if any, to the time interval during which the beam of light is
broken by the ball.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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12 The variation with time t of the velocity v of two cars P and Q is shown in Fig. 2.1.

car Q
30

v / m s–1
car P
20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
t/s

Fig. 2.1

The cars travel in the same direction along a straight road.

Car P passes car Q at time t = 0.

(a) The speed limit for cars on the road is 100 km h–1. State and explain whether car Q exceeds
the speed limit.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Calculate the acceleration of car P.

acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]

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(c) Determine the distance between the two cars at time t = 12 s.

distance = ...................................................... m [3]

(d) From time t = 12 s, the velocity of each car remains constant at its value at t = 12 s.

Determine the time t at which car Q passes car P.

t = ....................................................... s [2]

[Total: 8]

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13 (a) Define speed and velocity and use these definitions to explain why one of these quantities
is a scalar and the other is a vector.

speed: ......................................................................................................................................

velocity: .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A ball is released from rest and falls vertically. The ball hits the ground and rebounds vertically,
as shown in Fig. 2.1.

initial position
ball

rebound

ground
Fig. 2.1

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The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball is shown in Fig. 2.2.

12.0

10.0

8.0
v / m s–1
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t/s
– 2.0

– 4.0

– 6.0

– 8.0

– 10.0
Fig. 2.2

Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Without calculation, use Fig. 2.2 to describe the variation with time t of the velocity of the
ball from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the ball after it rebounds from the ground. Show your
working.

acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [3]

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(iii) Calculate, for the ball, from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s,

1. the distance moved,

distance = ...................................................... m [3]

2. the displacement from the initial position.

displacement = ...................................................... m [2]

(iv) On Fig. 2.3, sketch the variation with t of the speed of the ball.

12.0

10.0

8.0
speed / m s–1
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t/s
– 2.0

– 4.0

– 6.0

– 8.0

– 10.0

Fig. 2.3
[3]

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