NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SRINAGAR

Construction Technology & Management

Dr. Dasari Karthik
Assistant Professor
INTRODUCTION
Construction Management

Focus of this course:

Process and the people who manage the process
If you are the one with a desire/passion to deal
the intellectual challenges of a construction
engineering, technology as well as business, yet
not able to cope up with certain thick things
involved and for which you are willing to put a
great effort, ultimately for producing a tangible
result. Which is something of with lasting value,
then construction management might just be a
perfect label for you.

Homes Offices Malls

MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
Construction Management
> Execution

Project Management
> Start to Closeout

Construction Project Management

> Fine-tuned System

Construction Project management is a highly professional system designed to

facilitate planning, coordination and control of a project from inception to
completion.
KEY TERMS IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Activity > Work (to be carried out)

Concreting, Brickwork, Plastering, etc

Task > Job (to complete)

Masonry, Casting, etc

Resources > Things required

Labour, Materials, Tools, Machines, etc
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
A Construction project is an effort aimed to provide a
service or product that consumes specific resources
concerning to activities

Organized Defined Scope

(Resources) (purpose)

Constraints

Time Cost Quality

UNIQUE FEATURES
of a construction project
One-time activity

Complexity

High cost, time & risk

Individual relationship

Quality definition

Feedback

Lack of stakeholder experience

Untrained workers
 Project Phases
Initiation/ i. Conceptual
Idea
ii. Project Strategy
Project iii. Estimate
Concept
iv. Approval
Feasibility

Pre-Project Project Post-Project

Phase Phase Phase

Phases of a construction project

Pre-project phase tasks
• Task force will be assigned
• User’s need
• Define work quality
• Secure funds
• Estimate cost and time
• Cost approval
• Technical specs
• Safety & health
• Selection criteria
• Advice to task team
• Establish milestones
• Set responsibilities of parties
• Change order system
• Design criteria
• Feasibility studies
Project Phases in Construction
Design
Detail
Initiation/ Tendering
Idea phase
Execution
Completion

Pre-Project Project Post-Project

Phase Phase Phase

Phases of a construction project

Design related tasks

• Documents
• Qualifying designers
• Analyze contractors
• Selecting team
• Negotiation
• Provide information
• Monitoring progress
• Evaluation & updating
• Review
• Monitoring quality
• Updating drawings & specifications
• Using standards for quality
Tendering and execution related tasks

• Pre-qualification process
• Provide necessary information
• Negotiation
• Reviewing
• Clarifications
• Necessary precautions and decisions
• Controlling
• Enforcements
• Quality control
• Quality assurance
• Establish acceptance criteria
• As-built information gathering
 Project Phases
Design
Detail
Initiation/ Utilizationn
Tendering
Idea phase Close-down
Execution
Completion

Pre-Project Project Post-Project

Phase Phase Phase

Phases of a construction project

INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

• Second largest industry

• More than 5 % to country’s GDP
• Employees more than 30 million personnel
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Favorable factors
• Low cost labour
• Qualified professionals
• Large no of companies
Un favorable factors
• Low productivity & Low skilled workers
• High cost & complicated tax structure
• Lack of finance & technology backup
• Low R&D investment & less importance to
the alternative methods
 BASIC SECTORS OF CONSTRUCTION
Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Environmental Construction

Heavy Civil Construction

Industrial Construction
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
HEAVY CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
 Cons. Mngt. FUNCTIONS
 Estimating the Project
 Administering the Contract
 Managing Job Site & Construction Operations
 Planning and Scheduling the Project
 Monitoring Project Performance
 Managing Project Quality
 Managing Project Safety
 Assessing Project Risks
 Risks Allocation
Risk Type Responsible Party
Contractor Owner Designer
Site Conditions 
Weather Conditions 
Project Funding 
Subcontractor Failure 
Job Site Safety 
Material Deliveries 
Work Quality  
Work Delays  
Defective Design 
Defective Work 
Code Compliance  
Estimate Errors 
Labour Strikes 
 Proj. Mngt. Function
Defining the need of work

Establishing the extent of work

Monitoring the progress of the work

Adjusting deviations from the plan

Main Elements of Project Management
Cycle of Activities
 Knowledge Areas
Process Groups project integration management
initiating project scope management
planning project time management
executing project cost management
controlling project quality management
closing project human resource management
project communications management
project risk management and
Project procurement management
 Why Construction Management?
no other discipline that is more difficult than construction project management
surprised?
seems simple enough like building a project

• on time
• within budget
• with the stated quality standards
• in a safe environment.
 Participants / Stakeholders
 Owner (Client)
 Design Professionals
 Architect
 Engineer
 Engineering-Construction Firm
 Construction Professional
 Participants / Stakeholders
 Owner (Client)
 Design Professionals
 Architect
 Engineer
 Engineering-Construction Firm
 Construction Professional
 Project Manager & Construction Manager
Project Manager Duties
Clear definitions of the goals of the
project.

Investigate alternative solutions for the

problems.

Develop a detailed plan to make the

selected program reality.

Implement the plan and control the

project.
 Participants / Stakeholders
 Owner (Client)
 Design Professionals
 Architect
 Engineer
 Engineering-Construction Firm
 Construction Professional
 Project Manager & Construction Manager
 Lawyer, Insurer etc.
Project Organization

Ch 5 (Syllabus)

&

Ch 2 (KN Jha Book)

Construction Company
Functions
General administration
Estimating
Managing contracts and personnel
Design
Engineering
Purchasing/procurement
Accounting
Managing field construction
Authority
power granted to individuals to make final decisions

Responsibility
obligation incurred by individuals to effectively perform assignments

Accountability
state of being totally answerable for the completion of a specific assignment
 Forms of
Business Organization
 Sole Proprietorship
 Partnership
 Corporation
 Limited Liability Company (LLC)
 Private Limited Company
 Public Limited Company
 Government Enterprises
 Joint Ventures
Organizational Structure
Line or Military Type Organization
 Line Organization
Advantages
 Easiest to establish
 Simplest to explain
 There is a unity of control.
 There is a strong sense of discipline.
 Employees with fixed role and responsibility.
 Decisions can be quickly taken
 Line Organization
Disadvantages
 Expectation from the authority person
 Advice from the bottom people may go
unnoticed
 Lack of specialized skill of experts.
Line and Staff Type Organization
Line & Staff Organization
Advantages
 Line employees execute on staff advices
 Opportunity for the growth of employees
 Higher quality in decisions
 Line & Staff Organization
Disadvantages
 Lack of well-defined structure
 Mostly suitable for large organizations
 Conflict may arise
 Difficult to differ line function vs staff function
Departmental
Organization
Centralized Functional
Advantages
 Simple reporting
 Functions were logically organized
 Strategic direction is easy to attain
 Minimized duplication of efforts
 Tight control at top
Centralized Functional
Disdvantages
 Over-specialization and narrow vision
 Limited development of PM’s
 Difficulty in achieving economic growth
 Lack of coordination between functional
departments
Decentralized Multidivisional
Advantages
 Decision making is quick and simple
 Focus is on end result
 Output and responsibility easy to identify
 Each division can be a profit centre
 Corporate executives can be removed
 Motivation and development enhances
Decentralized Multidivisional
Disdvantages
 May not be cost-effective
 Lack of coordination
 Difficulty in customer relations and R and D
activities
ORGANIZING FOR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Classical (Functional)
 Pure Project or Product Management
 Matrix Organizations
MANAGEMENT LEVELS

 DIRECTOR
 PRESIDENT
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGER

 Know how company works

 Provide aid to project and support companies
 Independent assessment of project
 Ensure planning and milestones
 Ensure control procedures
PROJECT MANAGER SKILLS

 Human  Adaptability
 Conceptual  Inventiveness
 Technical  Prudent risk-taker
 Attitude  Fairness
 Common sense  Commitment
 Open-Mindedness  Conflict resolution
 Adaptability
Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of a Project Manager

 To Increase the Pre-appointment Training

 To Establish a Mentor System

 Careful Selection of Potential Project Manager

 To Identify the Career Path Requirement Early

 Determining Which Key Skills to Foster

PROJECT MANAGER
Important Traits
 Team building skill
 Contract Implementation Skill
 Project Organization Skill
-End