Java Programming | CCIT

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Table of Contents
Applets .................................................................. 3
Applet Tag ........................................................... 3
Life cycle methods for Applet .............................. 4
Class Applet ......................................................... 5
Class Applet Hierarchy ......................................... 6
AppletViewer ....................................................... 8
Class Graphics ...................................................... 9
class Color .......................................................... 14
RGB Color Modal ............................................... 20
HSB Color Modal ............................................... 20

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Applets

 A Java applet is a specially designed Java class which can be used within web
pages to enhance them.
 A browser enabled with Java technology can download the applet from the
internet and run it.
 Applets have strict security rules that are enforced by the Web browser.

Applet Tag
 Applets can be added into web pages by using applet tag.
Example:-
<APPLET code=className width=w height=h alt="alternate Text" >
<PARAM name=pname value=val >
-----
</APPLET>
where
Code - A URL of applet class.
Height - Height to display the applet.
width - Width to display the applet.
al - Alternate text to be displayed in case browser does not support applet.
 Param tag is used to pass additional parameters to applet

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Life cycle methods for Applet

 When Browser finds Applet tag in webpage.
 It downloads the specified Applet class.
 It loads the Applet class.
 It creates Object of Applet Class.
 It calls its different methods on different events

 There are 5 main events in life of Applet

1] init 2]start 3] paint 4] stop 5] destroy
According to these event applet container call its 5 different methods.
 public void init()
o is used to initialized the Applet.
o It is invoked only once.
 public void start()
o is invoked when Applet scrolls into View or Restored.
o It is used to start the Applet.
 public void stop()
o is used to stop the Applet.
o It is invoked when Applet scrolls out of view or browser is minimized.
 public void destroy()
o is used to destroy the Applet.
o It is invoked only once.
 public void paint(Graphics g)
o is used to paint the Applet. It provides Graphics class object that can be used
for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.
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 Java Programming | CCIT

Class Applet [ java.applet ]

 This is the base class from which all applets are derived.
Methods:-
 public void init()
o is used to initialized the Applet.
o It is invoked only once.
 public void start()
o is invoked when Applet scrolls into View or Restored.
o It is used to start the Applet.

 public void stop()

o is used to stop the Applet.
o It is invoked when Applet scrolls out of view or browser is minimized.
 public void destroy()
o is used to destroy the Applet.
o It is invoked only once.
 public void paint(Graphics g)
o is used to paint the Applet. It provides Graphics class object that can be used
for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.
NOTE: - we can override these above methods to perform our task on these events.
 public void showStatus( String msg)
o Will display msg into applet containers status bar
 public URL getCodeBase()
o Gets the base URL.
o This is the URL of the directory which contains this applet.
 public URL getDocumentBase()
o Gets the URL of the document in which this applet is embedded.
 public String getParameter(String name)
o Returns the value of the named parameter.
 public Image getImage(URL url)

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o Returns an Image object that can then be painted on the screen.

 public void play(URL url)
o Plays the audio clip at the specified URL.

Class Applet Hierarchy

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Example:-
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
String s="";
public void destroy()
{
s=s+"destroy ";
showStatus(s);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
s=s+"paint ";
showStatus(s);
}
public void stop()
{
s=s+"stop ";
showStatus(s);
}
public void start()
{
s=s+"start ";
showStatus(s);
}
public void init()
{
s=s+"init ";
showStatus(s);
}
}
//<applet code=MyApplet width=300 height=300 ></applet> 7
 Java Programming | CCIT

init start paint

NOTE: -
 Applet is an old technology.
 In old days they were supported by browsers.
 Now browsers have stopped supporting Applets.
 But still we can test our Applet by using a tool AppletViewer.
 This tool was available till jdk1.8.

AppletViewer
 It is a tool generally used by developers for testing their applets before deploying
them to a website.
Syntax :
appletviewer filename

 It loads the applet class specified in applet tag of the file and calls applet different
life cycle methods of applet on different events.

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Class Graphics [ java.awt ]

 This class provides us different methods to perform drawing and painting
operations.
Methods:-
 void drawRect(int x,int y,int w,int h)
 void fillRect(int x,int y,int w,int h)
 void drawOval(int x,int y,int w,int h)
 void fillOval(int x,int y,int w,int h)
 void drawRoundRect(int x,int y,int w,int h,int rx,int ry)
 void fillRoundRect(int x,int y,int w,int h,int rx,int ry)
 void drawArc(int x,int y,int w,int h,int startAngle,int arcAngle)
 void fillArc(int x,int y,int w,int h,int startAngle,int arcAngle)
 void drawLine(int x1 , int y1 , int x2 , int y2)
 void drawPolygon(int x[ ] , int y[ ] , int n)
 void fillPolygon(int x[ ] , int y[ ] , int n )
 void drawString(String text , int x , int y)
 void setColor(Color c)
 void setFont(Font f)
 drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver obj)
 drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, int w, int h,
ImageObserver obj)

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet to display 2 concentric Circles in Applet of size 200 X 200.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(0,0,200,200);
g.drawOval(50,50,100,100);
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing 10 concentric circles.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
g.drawOval(i*10,i*10,200-i*20,200-i*20);
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing 4 squares.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.fillRect(5,5,90,90);
g.fillRect(105,5,90,90);
g.fillRect(5,105,90,90);
g.fillRect(105,105,90,90);
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing a Smile Face.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(0,0,200,200);
g.drawArc(30,30,140,140,180,180);
g.fillOval(50,50,30,30);
g.fillOval(120,50,30,30);
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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class Color [ java.awt ]

 An Object of this type represents a Color.
 This class provides us 12 ready made color objects
Data member:-
 public static final Color red;
 public static final Color blue;
 public static final Color green;
 public static final Color yellow;
 public static final Color orange;
 public static final Color pink;
 public static final Color magenta;
 public static final Color cyan;
 public static final Color white;
 public static final Color black;
 public static final Color darkGray;
 public static final Color lightGray;
For ex:-
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(10,20,200,100);
Constructors:-
 Color(int r, int g, int b)
o Creates a color with specified RGB components
o values are in range 0 – 255
For ex: Color c=new Color(0,0,255);
g.setColor(c);

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 Java Programming | CCIT

 Color(float r, float g, float b)

o creates a color with specified RGB components
o values are in range 0.0 – 1.0
For ex: Color c=new Color( 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
g.setColor(c);
Methods:-
 Color darker()
o Creates a new Color that is a darker version of this Color.
For ex: Color c1=Color.red;
Color c2=c1.darker();
 Color brighter()
o Creates a new Color that is a brighter version of this Color.
Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing 10 concentric circles.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{ public void paint(Graphics g)
{
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
if(i%2==0)
g.setColor(Color.blue);
else
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(i*10,i*10,200-i*20,200-i*20);
}
}
}
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//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>
 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing 4 squares.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillRect(5,5,90,90);
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(105,5,90,90);
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillRect(5,105,90,90);
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillRect(105,105,90,90);
}
}
//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing the following figure.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int xp[]={100,200,0};
int yp[]={0,170,170};
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillPolygon(xp,yp,3);
g.setColor(Color.orange);
g.fillOval(75,75,50,50);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("CCIT Amravati",65,190);
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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 Java Programming | CCIT

Design an Applet of size 200 X 200 containing 12 Pie Slice.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
Color co[]={Color.red,Color.blue,Color.green,
Color.magenta,Color.cyan,Color.yellow };
for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
{
g.setColor(co[i%6]);
g.fillArc(0,0,200,200,i*30,30);
}
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=200 height=200 ></applet>

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Design an Applet of size 256 X 200 containing 256 lines of different colors from
red to blue.

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Color;
public class MyApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
for(int x=0;x<256;x++)
{
Color clr=new Color(255-x,0,x);
g.setColor(clr);
g.drawLine(x,0,x,200);
}
}
}

//<applet code=MyApplet width=256 height=200 ></applet>

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 Java Programming | CCIT

RGB Color Modal

 It is used to create color object by using the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color model.
Syntax :
Color c=new Color(red, green,blue)

o red : a value from 0 and 255 to indicate the amount of red.

o green : a value from 0 and 255 to indicate the amount of green.
o blue : a value from 0 and 255 to indicate the amount of blue.
For ex:- Color c=new Color(255, 0, 255);

HSB Color Modal

 It is used to create color object by using the HSB color model .
Syntax :
static Color getHSBColor(hue,saturation,brightness)

 Hue
o It is number between 0.0 and 1.0 which indicates the hue of the color.
 Saturation
o It is number between 0.0 and 1.0 which indicates color depth.
o 1 will make the color as deep as possible.
o 0 will take all the color out of the mixture and make it a shade of gray.
 Brightness
o Is is decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0 which indicates brightness.
o 1 will make the color as light as possible.
o 0 will make it very dark.

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