Bacte Notes Lecture
Bacte Notes Lecture
Bacte Notes Lecture
● Louis Pasteur
Dina’s - Domain
- “Microorganisms are in the air”
Kids - Kingdom
- Pasteurization & Inoculation
Prefer - Phylum
Candies - Class
Over - Order ● John Tyndall & Ferdinand Cohn
Fresh - Family - discovered that some
Green - Genus microorganisms are heat
Spinach - Species resistant
Chynna’s Transes
CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY - LECTURE
Bacteria
- unicellular organisms that lack a nuclear Gram (+) Gram (-)
membrane and true nucleus
- lacks mitochondria, ER, or Golgi bodies Outer No Acts as a barrier to
Membrane hydrophobic compounds
and harmful substances
Archaea
- appears to be more closely related to Porins - a protein pore to
eukaryotic cells than to prokaryotic cells transfer molecule
and is found in microorganisms that grow
under extreme environmental conditions LPS - acts as an endotoxin
which is toxic to your body
- lacks peptidoglycan, a major reason they Three Components of LPS:
are placed in a domain seperate from ● Lipid A (endotoxin) -
bacteria responsible for
producing fever and
- The structure of the cell envelope and shock conditions.
enzymes of archaea allows them to survive ● Core Polysaccharide
● O-Polysaccharide -
under stressful or extreme.
antigen
● Extremophiles - lovers of the
extreme conditions
Periplasmic No Contains peptidoglycan
● Halophiles - salt-loving cells in space
Utah’s Great Salt Accumulates some molecules
● Thermophiles - heat-loving cells leaving the cell
CELL STRUCTURE
- Divided into two subtypes: Cocci & Rods
[bacilli]
➢ Bacteria have a cell wall (HUMANS DON'T) - Appear as PURPLE in the microscope
➢ Some medications like B-lactam - SOME GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA ARE
antibiotics, for example; penicillin, can kill CAPABLE OF MAKING SPORES
the bacteria without killing you because - Composed of alternating disaccharides
these medications are cell wall synthesis NAG/NAM bonded together with peptide
inhibitors which means they go into the bond
bacteria to destroy the cell wall and the ● N-acetylglucosamine
bacteria will most likely die, but since ● N-acetylmuramic acid
humans do not have a cell wall, penicillin
will not kill you
➢ Cell Wall is made of Peptidoglycan. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA (-)
MAINTAINS the shape of the cell and
PROTECTS cell from osmotic pressure
➢ Cell Membrane is made of (lipid bilayer, - Divided into two subtypes: Cocci & Rods
protein, carbohydrates) [bacilli]
- Appear as PINK in the microscope
- THEY DO NOT MAKE SPORES
Chynna’s Transes
CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY - LECTURE
FLAGELLA
- Major component: Mycolic acid
● Waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids
- For motility
● It is strongly hydrophobic
- Four Flagellar Arrangement:
● Cannot be identified microscopically using
1. Monotrichous - single polar
gram stain.
flagellum
2. Amphitrichous - single of flagella
- This kind of cell wall can only be found in
at each end of the cell
Mycobacterium and Nocardia species.
3. Lophotrichous - two or more
flagella at one pole of the cell
Carbol Fuchsin - primary stain which targets and
4. Peritrichous - flagella distributed
attaches the mycolic acid in the cell wall
over the entire cell
Pili
- Conjugation pili
Chynna’s Transes
CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY - LECTURE
Chynna’s Transes
CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY - LECTURE
CHAPTER 2
Chynna’s Transes