ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS TUTORIAL

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS
Adobe Photoshop CS is a popular image editing software that provides a work
environment consistent with Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe
ImageReady, and other products in the Adobe Creative Suite. This tutorial is
an introduction to using Adobe Photoshop. Here you will learn how to get
started, how to use the interface, and how to modify images with basic
Photoshop tools.

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 GETTING STARTED

OPENING
Begin by opening Adobe Photoshop CS.

On a PC, click Start > Programs > Adobe > Photoshop CS, or click on the
shortcut on the desktop.

On a Mac, click Macintosh HD > Application > Adobe Photoshop CS > Adobe
Photoshop CS shown in Figure 1, or click the icon in the Dock.

Figure 1. Navigation to Photoshop CS on a Mac

SETTING UP THE DOCUMENT

Setting up your document correctly from the start will make your job much
easier as you work through your project. This will require some advanced
planning. For example, if your final output will be a brochure, you may need
to set up your document to be horizontal and double-sided.

To create a new document, click File > New. This will open the Document
Setup dialog box (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Document Setup dialog box

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Here you will be able to name your file, set up the correct page size, and
orientation for your document. Options include, but are not limited to:

Page Size and Orientation

Change the page size by typing in new values for width and height. Page size
represents the final size you want after bleeds or trimming other marks
outside the page. In the Preset dropdown menu you can find such common
sizes as letter, legal, tabloid, etc. Typing in exact values for Height and Width
gives you more control over the size and orientation of your page.

Resolution

Resolution is a number of pixels on a printed area of an image. The higher

the resolution, the more pixels there are on the page, the better is the
quality of the image. However, high resolution increases the size of the file.
The standard recommended resolution for printed images is 150 - 300, for
web images - 72.

Color Mode

Choose a color mode that will best fit your project. For example, when
making a graphic for a web site, choose RGB. When making an image for
print, choose CMYK.

Background Contents

Choose the background: white, color, or transparent.

When you have entered all of your document settings, click OK.

OPENING AN IMAGE FROM A DISK

If the image you have is saved on a disk, select File > Open, and then
navigate to the disk drive where your image is saved. Choose the image file
and click Open. At this point, you may want to save your image under a
different name so that you can always have the original to fall back on in
case of a mistake. To save you r file, select File > Save As and type in the new
name of the file in the dialogue box. Now you should be ready to go.

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 INTERFACE LAYOUT
This is the layout of Adobe Photoshop interface.

Menu Bar

If you look at the top of the screen you will see the Menu bar which contains
all the main functions of Photoshop, such as File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select,
Filter, View, Window, and Help.

Tool Bar

Most of the major tools are located in the Tool bar for easy access.

Options Bar

The Options bar contains extra options for most tools. The options change as
different tools are selected. Some tools share the same settings in the
options bar, for example, painting modes and opacity, the others have
specific options, for example, the Auto Erase setting for the Pencil tool.

The Image

The image will appear in its own window once you open a file.

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Image Name

The name of any image that you open will be at the top of the image window
as shown above.

Palettes

Palettes contain functions that help you monitor and modify images. By
default, palettes are stacked together in groups. These are the palettes that
are usually visible: Navigator, Color, Histogram, Layer. If none of the palettes
are visible, go to Window in the Menu bar and choose palettes you need to
work with.

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 PALETTES
Below is the description of the most commonly used palettes in Adobe
Photoshop CS. Palettes used for more advanced image editing will be
covered in the Adobe Photoshop CS Tutorial - Intermediate.

NAVIGATOR
The Navigator palette (Figure 1) allows you to resize and move around within
the image. Drag the slider, click on the Zoom In and Zoom Out icons, or
specify the percentage to navigate in the image.

Figure 1. Navigator palette

COLOR, SWATCHES, STYLE

The Color palette (Figure 2) displays the current foreground and background
colors and RGB values for these colors. You can use the sliders to change the
foreground and background colors in different color modes. You can also
choose a color from the spectrum of colors displayed in the color ramp at the
bottom of the palette.

Figure 2. Color palette

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In the Swatches palette (Figure 3) you can choose a foreground or
background color or add a customized color to the library.

Figure 3. Swatches palette

The Styles palette (Figure 4) allows you to view, select, and apply preset
layer styles. By default, a preset style replaces the current layer style. You
can use the styles in the palette or add your own using the Create New Style
icon.

Figure 4. Styles palette

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HISTORY
The History palette (Figure 5) stores and displays each action performed
allowing you jump to any recent stage of the image alteration. The
alterations should be created during the current working session; after saving
or closing the document the History palette clears all the contents. Each time
you apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to the
palette. The History palette can store up to 20 stages.
However, you can always go back to the first stage, for example opening the
document. It is important to know that once you click on any of the previous
stages, all the changes that were made after it will be lost.

Figure 5. History palette

LAYERS
Layers let you organize your work into distinct levels that can be edited and
viewed as individual units. Every Photoshop CS document contains at least
one layer. Creating multiple layers lets you easily control how your artwork is
printed, displayed, and edited. You will use the Layers palette (Figure 6) often
while creating a document, so it is crucial to understand what it does and
how to use it.

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A) Layer Visibility - the eye shows
that the selected layer is visible.
Click on or off to see or to hide a
layer.

B) Layer Locking Options - click the

checkered square icon to lock
Transparency; click the brush icon to
lock the Image; click the arrow icon to
lock the Position; click the lock icon
to lock all options.

C) Layer Blending Mode - defines

how the layer's pixels blend with
underlying pixels in the image. By
choosing a particular blending mode
from the dropdown menu you can
create a variety of special effects.

D) Fill - by typing in a value or

dragging the slider you can
specify the transparency of the
color of the image or object.

E) Opacity - by typing in a value or

dragging a slider you can specify
the transparency of the entire
layer.

F) Layer Lock - the icon shows

when the layer is locked and
disappears when it is unlocked.
Double-click the icon to unlock the
layer.

G) Layer Options Menu - click the

black triangle to see the following
options: New Layer, Duplicate Layer,
Delete Layer, Layer Properties, etc.
Some of the options are presented as
icons at the bottom of the Layers
palette.

H) Layer Styles - if a layer has a

style, an "F" icon shows at the
bottom of the Layers palette. Click
the little black triangle to see style
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options.

I) Layer Mask - a grayscale image,

with parts painted in black hidden,
parts painted in white showing,
and parts painted in gray shades
showing in various levels of
transparency.

J) Layer Set - this option helps to

organize images with multiple
layers. Click the icon to create a
folder for several layers.

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K) Create New Fill or Adjustment Layer
- have the same opacity and blending
mode options as image layers and
can be rearranged, deleted, hidden,
and duplicated in the same manner
as image layers. Click the icon and
select an option to create a new fill
or adjustment layer.

L) Create New Layer - click this icon

to create a new layer.

M) Delete Layer - to delete a layer,

select a layer in the Layers palette
and drag it to the trash can icon;
or, select a layer and click the
icon.

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 TOOLBOX
If you used other Adobe products, such as Illustrator or InDesign, you should
be familiar with the toolbox in Photoshop CS as it shares some of the tools
from these applications. If you are a novice user of Adobe products you
should keep in mind that you might not need to use all the tools. In this
tutorial, only the basic tools will be discussed in depth.

To view detailed descriptions of the tools in the toolbox click on section of

tools you wish to learn about.

Link to : www.adobe.com

Selection tools

Alteration tools

Drawing and Selection tools

Assisting tools

Color boxes and Modes

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Some tools in the toolbar have additional "hidden" tools. These tools have
small black triangles in the right-hand corner. To view the "hidden" tools,
click and hold down on any tool that has a black triangle in the corner (Figure
1).

Figure 1. "Hidden" tools

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 SELECTION TOOLS
BUTTON TOOL DESCRIPTION

Marquee Selects an object by drawing a rectangle or an ellipse

around it.
Click the tool button, choose a rectangular or an
elliptical marquee. Drag the marquee over the area of
the image you wish to select.
Move Used to select and move objects on the page.
Click the tool button, then click on any object on the
page you wish to move.
Lasso Selects an object by drawing a freehand border
around it. Click the tool button, drag to draw a
freehand border around the are of the image you wish
Polygonal to select.
Lasso Selects an object by drawing a straight-edge border
around it. Click the tool button, click on the starting
point on the image, drag to draw a straight-edge
border, click and drag again to select the are of the
Magnetic image you wish to select. Double-click to finish.
Lasso Selects an object by drawing a border that snaps to
the edges of the defined area of the object.
Click on the starting point on the image, drag around
the are of the image. The tool will make fastening points
at the edges. To finish selecting, drag the border to the
Magic starting point and click precisely in the point.
Wand Selects all objects in a document with the same or
similar fill color, stroke weight, stroke color, opacity,
or blending mode. By specifying the color range, or
tolerance, you can control what the Magic Wand tool
selects.
Crop Tool Click the tool button, then click on the area of the
image you wish to select.
Selects and cuts parts of an image.
Click the tool button, then click and drag the tool over
the part of the image that you want to keep. Resize
Slice Tool the selected area dragging the squares at the sides
and corners. Click the RETURN key when your crop
box is sized correctly.
Used to cut images into slices, which can be exported to
a web
page.

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 ALTERATION TOOLS
BUTTON TOOL DESCRIPTION

Healing Corrects small blemishes in scanned photos.

Brush Select the tool, hold down the ALT key and left-click
on the base color you need to heal. Then left-click
over the blemish.

Brush Tool Draws lines of different thicknesses and colors.

Select the tool. Then click on the selected area,
drag to draw lines. Use the Options bar to change
the Brush, Mode, Opacity, and Flow.

Clone Stamp Takes a sample of an image and applies over

another image, or a part of the same image.
Select the tool. Hold down the ALT key and left-
click on a certain point of the document where you
want to start your copy point. Then, put your
mouse over whatever part of the new document
you want the picture to go to. Hold down the left
mouse button and drag the mouse across the page
to copy the picture.

Art History Paints over an image using the source data from a
Brush specified history state or snapshot.
Select the tool, specify the Brush, Blending Mode,
Opacity, Style, Area, and Tolerance.

Erase Tool Removes part of an existing path or stroke. You

can use the Erase tool on paths, but not on text.
Select the tool, click on the part of the image you
wish to erase. Drag to erase pixels.

Paint Bucket Fills and entire area with a specific color of your
Tool choice. Select the tool. Choose a foreground
color in the Color Box. Select an area you wish to
apply the color to. Click the tool button, then
click on the selected area.

Gradient Tool Applies a gradient fill to a selected part of the

image or to an entire layer.
Select an area you wish to apply gradient to, click the
tool button, choose a fill in the Options bar, click on
the starting point, hold the mouse down and drag to
the end point.

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Blur Tool Blurs the sharp edges of an image.
Select an area where you wish to apply the tool.
Click the tool button, choose the Brush, Mode, and
Strength. Drag the brush along the edges.

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 Dodge Tool Lightens areas in an image.
Select the area where you wish to apply the tool.
Choose

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 DRAWING AND SELECTION TOO
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BUTTON TOOL DESCRIPTION

Direct Selects paths and path segments.

Selection
Tool Select the tool, click anywhere on the path.

Type Tool Types text on a page. Every time you click the Type
Tool
on a new portion of the page a new layer will be
created.

Select the tool, click on the page and begin to

type. You can specify the font and size in the
Options bar. You can also resize and transform the
text box by dragging the squares at the sides and
Pen Tool corners. Use the Move Tool to move the text on the
page.

Draws smooth-edged paths.

Rectangle Select the tool, click on the page, drag to draw a

Tool path. Click and drag the anchor points to modify
the path.

Draws a rectangle shape. Other shapes that are

hidden in this tool are: Rounded Rectangle Tool,
Ellipse Tool, Polygon Tool, Line Tool, and Custom
Shape Tool.

Select the tool, click and drag on the page to

draw a shape. The shape will be
automatically filled with the current
foreground color.

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 ASSISTING TOOLS
BUTTON TOOL DESCRIPTION

Notes Tool Serves as a comment feature. Usually used for

electronic text edits.

Select the tool, click on the spot on the page

where you wish to make a comment. Type in the
text box.
Eyedropper Takes color samples from colors on the page and
Tool displays them in the Color Boxes.

Select the tool, click on the color in the image you

wish to sample. The Color Box will display this color.

Hand Tool Allows you to move around within the image.

Select the tool, click on the spot on the page, hold

the mouse button down, drag to move in the area.

Magnifying Magnifies or reduces the display of any area in your

Glass Tool image window.

Select the tool, choose Zoom In or Zoom Out in the

Options bar, click on the area of the image you wish
to magnify or reduce.

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 COLOR BOXES AND MODES
BUTTON TOOL DESCRIPTION

Color Boxes The foreground color appears in the upper color

selection box and represents a color that is
currently active. The background color appears in
the lower box and represents an inactive color.
To change the foreground color, click the upper color
selection box in the toolbox.
To change the background color, click the lower
color selection box in the toolbox.
To reverse the foreground and background colors,
click the
Switch Colors icon (the arrow) in the toolbox.
To restore the default foreground and background
colors, click the Default Colors icon (the little black
and white boxes) in the toolbox.

NOTE: If you are using the Gradient Tool, the

currently selected foreground and background colors
will be the default colors of the gradient.
Modes
Edit in Standard Mode and Edit in Quick Mask Mode
are used for modifying images in the unmasked or
masked area.

Standard Screen, Full Screen with Menu Bar, Full

Screen are used for viewing larger or smaller are of
the image.

Edit in ImageReady is used to transfer the file for

editing in Adobe ImageReady.

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 BASIC IMAGE EDITING
Now that you know how to find your way around in the Photoshop interface
and are familiar with the most common commands, pallets, and tools, you
can start doing some basic image editing. In the next few chapters of this
tutorial you will learn how to crop, resize, correct, and sharp/blur your
images.

Click on one of the links below to connect to a corresponding chapter.

Cropping

Resizing

Correcting

Sharpening/Softening

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 CROPPING
Cropping is one of the most basic editing techniques that can improve
your images. Cropping helps to bring out the most important features in
your image and focus the viewers' attention on these features. Cropping
also allows you to make your image a standard photo size.

There are several ways to crop images in Adobe Photoshop:

1. Cropping with the Crop Tool

2. Cropping to a specific size

3. Cropping with the Marquee Tool

CROPPING WITH THE CROP TOOL

The Crop Tool allows you to make a precise selection of an image you wish to
edit. To crop with the Crop Tool, follow these steps:

1. Open the image you wish to crop (see Getting Started for detailed
instructions).

2. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox (see Selection Tools for
location and description).

3. Click on your image once and drag the mouse out to make a cropping
border (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Cropping border

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 4. Resize the border by dragging the squares at the sides and corners
till you are satisfied with the way your image looks.

NOTE: You can also rotate your cropping border. Move the cursor outside
the border, you will see how it turns into a double-headed arrow (Figure 2).
Drag the arrows in the directions you wish to rotate your selection.

Figure 2. Rotating the cropping border

5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press
ENTER.

CROPPING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE

If you wish to print your digital photos or other images on standard size photo
paper, you will have to crop your images to a specific size, such as 8x10. To
crop an image to a specific size, do the following:

1. Open the image you wish to crop.

2. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox.

3. In the Options bar, specify the values for Width and Height (Figure 3).

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Figure 3. Crop Tool Options bar

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 4. Click in your image and drag the cropping border. Notice that the
border is constrained - you cannot make it wider or longer than the
specified values (Figure 4). For example, if you entered 8 for Width
and 10 for Height, whatever size you make the border, the area
within it will fit on an 8x10 photo.

Figure 4. Cropping to a specific size

5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press
ENTER.

CROPPING WITH THE MARQUEE TOOL

If you are in a hurry and need just a simple crop, you can use the Marquee
Tool and a menu command. To crop with the Marquee Tool, follow the steps
below:

1. Open the image you wish to crop.

2. Select the Rectangular Marquee Tool from the Toolbox (see Selection
Tools).

3. Click in your image and drag the mouse to draw a marquee around
the area you wish to crop (Figure 5).

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Figure 5. Drawing a marquee
4. In the main menu, go to Image > Crop (Figure 6). The image will be
immediately cropped.

Figure 5. Image > Crop menu

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 RESIZING
Resizing in Photoshop can help you print your images in standard photo
sizes, resize and preserve the high quality of digital photos, and enlarge
small images to a poster size.

RESIZING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE

To resize your image to a preset size, follow the steps below:

1. In the main menu, go to File > New.

2. In the New dialog box, click on the Preset dropdown menu. You will
see several preset sizes, such as 2x3, 4x6, 5x7, 8x10 with the preset
resolution of 300 ppi (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Preset size in the New dialog box

3. Choose the size that you wish and click OK.

NOTE: All the preset sizes are in portrait orientation. If you wish to resize an
image with the landscape orientation, you need to create your own preset.
To create your own size, do the following:

1. Type in the values for Width and Height, for example 7x5.

2. Type in your desired resolution (150 ppi is enough for high quality
printing, and 72 ppi is good for the web images).

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 3. Click the Save Preset button (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Saving a preset size

RESIZING DIGITAL PHOTOS

Digital photos usually have large dimensions but low resolution, 72 ppi, which
effects their quality when their size is decreased or increased. When printed,
the photos with the changed size will look pixilated. To resize the digital
photos without loosing the quality, follow these steps:

1. Open the digital photo you wish to resize.

2. In the main menu, go to View > Rulers. You will be able to see the
dimension of your photo (Figure 3).

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Figure 3. Dimensions of a digital photo - 11.111 x 8.333
3. In the main menu, go to Image > Image Size.

4. In the Image Size dialog box, check the Resample Image box off (Figure
4). Type in your desired resolution (anything between 150 and 300
ppi). The photo is now 6.667 x 5 inches.

Figure 4. Changing resolution.

ENLARGING

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If you want to make your digital photo into a poster size image, you can do it
in the Image Size dialog box. However, just increasing the dimensions will
make the image appear blurry and pixilated. To enlarge the image without
loosing the quality, follow these steps:

1. Open the digital image you wish to enlarge.

2. In the main menu, go to Image > Image Size.

3. In the Image Size dialog box, make sure the Resample Image box is
checked off and choose Bicubic Smoother from the dropdown box
(Figure 5).

Figure 5. Increasing the size by 10 percent

4. Change the Document Size measurements to Percent. Type in 110;

this will increase the size of the image by 10 percent (Figure 5).

5. Continue enlarging by 10 percent till you are satisfied with the size.

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 CORRECTING
Digital cameras tend to cause various problems, such as "red eye" or "hot
spots", if you use flash, or underexposure, if you don't. In Photoshop, you can
correct these problems, as well as adjust the overall color of your digital
photo.

RED EYE REMOVAL

The digital camera flash is located right above the lens, which causes the
"red-eye"; however, you can fix your photos easily in Photoshop. To remove
the "red eye", follow the steps below:

1. Open a photo you wish to correct.

2. Select the Zoom Tool from the Toolbox. Click and drag to draw a
rectangle around the eye (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Red eye zoomed in

3. Make sure your default Foreground and Background colors are black
and white (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Foreground and Background colors set to black and white

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 4. Click on the little black triangle of the Heeling Brush Tool button and
select the
Color Replacement Tool.

5. Click on the red and paint, holding down the mouse button. You will
see how the red will disappear (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Red eye corrected

6. Repeat the steps for the other eye.

HOT SPOT REMOVAL

Using a flash can also cause another problem - shiny areas on people's faces
or the flash reflection in the shiny surfaces. To correct this problem, follow
the steps below:

1. Open the photo you wish to correct.

2. Select the Clone Stamp Tool from the Toolbox.

3. In the Options bar, change the Blend Mode from Normal to Darken (Figure
4).

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Figure 4. Setting the options for the Clone Stamp Tool

4. Set the Opacity to 50 percent.

5. Choose a soft-edged brush, set the diameter to 40 or 50 (Figure 5).

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Figure 5. Brush settings
6. Hold down the SHIFT key and click in the clean area (without "hot
spots") to get a sample of color (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Clone Stamp selection

7. Paint over the "hot spot", the light area will gradually darken (Figure 7).

Figure 7. Corrected image

ADDING FLASH
If you took pictures indoors without a flash they will turn out underexposed
and dark; in Photoshop, you can make your photos lighter. To fix
underexposed photos, follow these steps:

1. Open a digital photo you wish to correct (Figure 8).

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Figure 8. Underexposed photo
2. In the main menu, go to Layers > Duplicate. In the Duplicate Layer
dialog box, name the layer Layer 1.

3. Make sure Layer 1 is selected in the Layers palette. In the Blending

Mode dropdown box, change the Blending Mode to Screen (Figure
9). The whole image will lighten.

Figure 9. Changing the Blending Mode

4. Keep duplicating Layer 1 till you are satisfied with the quality of your image
(Figure 10).

Figure 10. Corrected photo

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COLOR ADJUSTMENT
Color adjustment options in Photoshop CS can help you to make your digital
photos look more natural. To color correct your images, follow these steps:

1. Open the image you wish to correct.

2. In the main menu, go to Image > Adjustments > Levels. You will see a
dialog box displaying a diagram of the colors in your image (Figure
11). The black triangle is for shadows, the gray is for midtones, the
white is for highlights. In the Channels dropdown menu, you can
choose between RGB, Red, Green, or Blue. These indicate whether
your changes effect all the colors, or just one (red, green, or blue).

Figure 11. Levels dialog box

3. Make sure the Preview box is checked off. Choose the channel you
wish to change and drag the triangles. Dragging the black triangle to
the right will make the shadows in your photo darker; dragging the
white triangle to the left will make the highlights in your photo lighter;
dragging the gray triangle to the left will make the midtones in your
photo lighter, dragging it to the right will make the midtones darker.
You will be able to see the changes in your image (Figure 12 a and b).
Selecting just one color channel can alter the color of your photo
completely.

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Figure 12 a. Initial image Figure 12 b. Corrected image

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 SHARPENING/SOFTENING
SHARPENING
If your digital photos are slightly out of focus, you can use the basic
sharpening technique to make your images look crisper. To sharpen your
photo, follow the steps below:

1. Open an image you wish to sharpen. Note that this technique

can sharpen images that are only slightly blurry.
2. Use the Zoom Tool to make sure you are viewing your image in its full
size, that is, at 100%.
3. In the main menu, go to Filter> Sharpen> Unsharp Mask. You will see the
Unsharp Mask dialog box (Figure 1).

4. Figure 1. Unsharp Mask dialog box

5. Enter 125 for the Amount, 1 for the Radius, and 3 for the Threshold.
6. Click OK. You will see how the image has become more in focus.

SOFTENING
Sometimes you might not want objects or people in your photos look too
sharp, in this case you can use a softening technique. To soften am image,
follow these steps:

1. Open the image you wish to soften.

2. In the main menu, choose Layer > Duplicate Layer. You will have a
new layer called Background Copy.
3. In the main menu, go to Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur. In the Gaussian Blur
dialog box, type in 4 for Radius, or drag the slider to this position (Figure
2).

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Figure 2. Gaussian Blur

4. Make sure the Background Copy layer is selected and change its
opacity to 50% (Figure 3). The objects or people in your image will
have a soft, glowing effect.

Figure 3. Opacity

5. Select the Eraser Tool from the Toolbox, choose a soft-edged brush,
and erase over the areas in the face that are supposed to be sharp,
such as eyes, eyebrows, lips, and teeth (Figure 4a and b).

Figure 4a. Before Figure 4b. After

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 SAVING
Remember to save your work often. Saving frequently lessens the risk of
losing the work you have been doing. To save your Photoshop document, do
the following:

1. Click File > Save.

2. Navigate to the place you would like your document to be saved by
using the dropdown menu and the navigation window.
3. Enter the name of your document in the Save As text field.
4. Choose a format to save your project in from the Format dropdown menu.
5. Click the Save button in the bottom right corner of the dialogue box.
6. Check to make sure that your document is saved in the place you
intended.

NOTE: If you save your file as PSD (default Photoshop saving format) your
layers will be preserved, but the file size will be large. If you save your file as
JPEG (a common image format) your layers will be flattened and become one
layer. The file size though will be significantly smaller.

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