INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

PIN FIN APPARATUS

Manufactured by :
ROORKEE EQUIPMENT & MODELS (P) LTD, ROORKEE (UK)
M : 9997200000, Tel : 01332264344
Email : [email protected], [email protected],
 PIN FIN APPARATUS

AIM

1. To draw the variation of temperature along the length of pin fin under forced convection.

2. To determine the value of heat transfer co-efficient under forced condition and to find :

(a) Theoretical values of temperatures along the length of fin.

(b) Effectiveness and efficiency of the pin-fin for insulated and boundary condition.

THEORY

The heat transfer from a heated surfaces to the ambient is given by the relation q = hA
T. In this relation h is the heat transfer coefficient. T is the temperature difference and
A is the area of heat transfer. To increase q, h may be increased or surface area may be
increased. In some cases, it is not possible to increase he value of heat transfer
coefficient and the temperature difference T and thus the only alternative is to increase
the surface area of heat transfer. The surface area is increased by attaching extra
material in the form of rod (circular or rectangular) on the surface where we have to
increase the heat transfer rate. “This extra material attached is called the extended
surface or fins”.

The fins may be attached on a plane surface, then they are called plane surface fins. If
the fins are attached on the cylindrical surface, they are called circumferential fins. The
cross-section of the fin may be circular, rectangular, triangular or parabolic.

TEMPERATURE DISTIBUTION AND HEAT TRANSFER FROM FINS FROM END

CONDITION.
Temperature distribution along the length

 T - T Cosh m (L – x)
of the fin is ------ = ------------- = ---------------------
o To - T Cosh mL

Where T = Temperature at any distance x on the fin

To = Temperature at x = 0

T = Ambient temperature

L = Length of the fin

 _____

/ hcP hc = convection heat transfer coefficient

m = / ------ p = perimeter of the fin

 KA A = area of the fin

K = thermal conductivity of the fi

_______

Heat flow q = o  hc PKA tan h mL

EFFECTIVENESS OF FINS
Effectiveness of a fin is defined as the ratio of the heat transfer with fin to the heat
transfer from the surface without fins.

For end insulated condition

______________

/ hc PKA tan h mL

 = o / -----------------------
 hc A o

_____

/ PK

 = / --------- tanh mL

 hcA

The efficiency of a fin is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transferred by the fin to the maximum
heat transferred by the fin if the entire fin area were at base temperature.
______________

o  hc PKA tan h mL

 = -------------------------------
hc PL o

tan h mL

 = -------------
mL
SPECIFICATIONS

Length of the fin = 150 mm

Diameter of the fin = 12 mm

Thermal conductivity of fin material (brass) = 110 w/mK

Diameter of the orifice = 0.02 m

Duct Length = 0.5 m

Daimeter of the duct = 0.15 m

Area of the duct = 0.0177 m2

Coefficient of discharge of the orifice = 0.68

Density of manometric fluid (Water) = 13.6 x 103 kg/m3

Type Thermocouple = Copper/Constantan wire

Heater to Distance Thermocouple T1 : 25mm

Heater to Distance Thermocouple T2 : 50mm

Heater to Distance Thermocouple T3 : 75mm

Heater to Distance Thermocouple T4 : 100mm

Schematic Diagram

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the equipment to electric power supply.

2. Keep the thermocouple selector switch to zero position.
3. Turn the dimmerstat knob clockwise and adjust the power input to the heater to
the desired value.
4. Switch on the blower.
5. Set the air flow rate to any desired value by adjusting the difference in mercury
levels in the manometer.
6. Allow the unit to stabilize
7. Turn the thermocouple selector switch clockwise and note down the temperature
T1 to T6.
8. Note down the difference in level of the manometer
9. Repeat the experiment for different power input to the heater.
 SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS
____________________

/ 2 gh (m - a) 1

Velocity at orifice = Vo = Cd / --------------------- x ---------

 a  1-4

m = density of manometric fluid = 13.6 x 103 kg/m3

a = density of air = 1.17 kg/m3

do 0.02

 = ----- = --------------- = 1.23

dp 0.0177

_________________________ ____

/ 2 x 9.81 x 0.034 (13600 – 1.17)  1

Vo = 0.61 = / ------------------------------------------ -----------

 1.17 1- 1.234

= 51.71 m/s.

Velocity at orifice x Cross-sectional area of

Va = Velocity of air in the duct x ------------------------------------------------------------------

Cross-sectional area of


Va = Vo x ---- do2

4


51.17 x ---- x (0.02)2

Va = -----------------------------

0.0177

Va = 1.083 m/s.

Average surface temperature of fin is given by

 T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5

Ts = ----------------------------------

77 + 62 + 50+ 42.9 + 43 + 38

= -------------------------------------------- = 54 oC

T = Ambient temperature = 24 oC

54 + 24

Tm = Mean temperature = ------------------- = 39 oC

Properties of air at 38.74oC

U = 16.96 x 10-6 m2/s Pr = 0.699, K = 26.56 x 10-3 wmk

Va df

Re = --------- = 1.083

Df = diameter of the fin = 0.012 m

1.083 x 0.012

Re = --------------------- - 766.273

16.96 x 10-6

The relationship for Nu is

Nu = C Ren Pr1/3

For Re = 0.4 to 4.0, C = 0.989 and n = 0.33

 Re = 4 to 40 C = 0.911 and n = 0.385

Re = 40 to 4000 C = 0.683 and n = 0.466

= 4000 to 40,000 C = 0.293 and n = 0.618

= 40,000 to 400,000 C = 0.27 and n = 0.805

For Re = 766.273, C = 0.683 and n = 0.466

Nu = 0.683 (766.273)0.466 (0.69.9)1/3

= 13.389

Nuk 13.389 x 26.56 x 10-3

hc = ------ = ------------------------------

d 0.012

= 29.634 w/m2 K

Thermal conductivity of the fin material = 110 w/ m2 K

____ _____________

/ hcP / 29.634 x 0.012

M = / -------- = /------------------------ = 9.47

 KA  0.0122

110 x  x ----------

Temperature distribution is given by

T - T Cosh m (L – x)

--------- = ---------------------

To - T Cosh mL

Cosh m (L-x)

T = T + (To - T) -------------------

Cosh mL

Cosh m (L-x)

T = T + (To - T ) --------------------
 Cosh mL

Cosh 9.47 (0.15-x)

= 23.5 (77.2 – 23.5) = -------------------------

Cosh 9.47 x 0.15

T = 23.5 + 22 Cosh 9.47 (0.15 – x)

X1 = 0.045 T1 = 61.16oC

X2 = 0.075 T2 = 54.46 oC

X3 = 0.105 T3 = 50.276 oC

C4 = 0.135 T4 = 48.26 oC

_____

/ PK

Effectiveness of fin = / -------- tan h mL

 hcA

_____

/ dK

= / --------- tan h mL

 hc  d2

-----

_____

/ 4K

= / --------- tan h mL

 hcd

____________

/ 4 x 100

= / --------------------- tan h 9.47 x 0.15

  29.634 x 0.012

= 31.29

tan h mL

Efficiency of fin = -------------

mL

= 0.626