Chapter 1

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From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems
Analysis and Design

Chapter 1
Systems Analysis and Design in a
Changing World 7th Ed
Satzinger, Jackson & Burd
 Chapter 1: Outline

• Software Development and Systems Analysis and Design

• Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
• Iterative Development

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 Learning Objectives

• After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• Describe the purpose of systems analysis and design
when developing information systems
• Explain the purpose of the system development life cycle
and identify its six core processes
• Explain how information system methodologies provide
guidelines for completing the six core processes
• Describe the characteristics of Agile methodologies and
iterative system development

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 Software Development (1 of 3)
• Computer application (app) – a computer software
program that executes on a computing device to
carry out a specific set of functions
• Modest scope
• Information system – a set of interrelated
components that collects, processes, stores, and
provides as output the information needed to
complete business tasks
• Broader in scope than “app”
• Includes database and related manual processes

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 Software Development (2 of 3)

• Systems analysis – those activities that enable

a person to understand and specify what an
information system should accomplish
• Systems design – those activities that enable a
person to define and describe in detail the
system that solves the need

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 Software Development (3 of 3)
1. Understand the need (business need)
2. Capture the vision
3. Define a solution
4. Communicate the vision and solution
5. Build the solution
6. Confirm that the solution meets the need
7. Launch the solution system

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 System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (1 of 3)
• The process consisting of all activities required to build,
launch, and maintain an information system. Six core
processes are:
1. Identify the problem or need and obtain approval
2. Plan and monitor the project
3. Discover and understand the details of the problem or need
4. Design the system components that solve the problem
5. Build, test, and integrate system components
6. Complete system tests and then deploy the solution

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 System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (2 of 3)
• Project – a planned undertaking that has a
beginning and end and that produces some
definite result
• Used to develop an information system
• Requires knowledge of systems analysis
and systems design tools and techniques

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 System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (3 of 3)
• System development process or
methodology: a set of comprehensive
guidelines for carrying out all of the activities of
each core process of the SDLC
• Unified process (UP)
• Extreme programming (XP)
• Scrum
• Most processes/methodologies now use Agile
and Iterative development

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 Iterative Development

• Agile development – an information system

development process that emphasizes flexibility to
anticipate new requirements during development
• Fast on feet; responsive to change
• Iterative development -- an approach to system
development in which the system is “grown” piece
by piece through multiple iterations
• Complete small part of system (mini-project), then
repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to
refine and add more, until done

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 Iterative and Agile Systems
Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

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 Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters
(RMO) (1 of 2)
• Large Retail Company
• Outdoor and sporting clothing and accessories
• Skiing, mountain biking, water sports
• Hiking, camping, mountain climbing
• Rocky Mountain and Western States
• Started mail order and phone order
• Added retail stores
• Added extensive E-business component

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 Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters
(RMO) (2 of 2)

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 RMO Tradeshow System (1 of 2)

• Sample project for chapter

• Small information system (app)
• Being added to larger supply chain management system
• Demonstrates one iteration of the small project –
assumes more iterations in total project
• Goes through all six core processes of SDLC
• The plan for this chapter is to complete iteration in six
days

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 RMO Tradeshow System (2 of 2)

• Problem-- purchasing agents attend apparel and

fabric trade shows around the world to order new
products from suppliers
• Need– information system (app) to collect and
track information about suppliers and new
products while at tradeshows
• Tradeshow Project– is proposed
• Supplier information subsystem
• Product information subsystem

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 Initial Activities – pre-project

• Identify the problem and document the objective of the

system (core process 1)
• Preliminary investigation
• System Vision Document
• Obtain approval to commence the project (core process 1)
• Meet with key stakeholders, including executive management
• Decision reached, approve plan and budget

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 System Vision
Document

Problem description
System capabilities
Business benefits

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 Problem Description
Trade shows have become an important information source for new
products, new fashions, and new fabrics. In addition to the large
providers of outdoor clothing and fabrics, there are many smaller
providers. It is important for RMO to capture information about these
suppliers while the trade show is in progress. It is also important to
obtain information about specific merchandise products that RMO
plans to purchase. Additionally, if quality photographs of the products
can be obtained while at the trade show, then the creation of online
product pages is greatly facilitated.
It is recommended that a new system be developed and deployed so
field purchasing agents can communicate more rapidly with the home
office about suppliers and specific products of interest. This system
should be deployed on portable equipment.

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 System Capabilities

The new system should be capable of:

• Collecting and storing information about the manufacture/wholesaler
(suppliers)
• Collecting and storing information about sales representatives and other
key personnel for each supplier
• Collecting information about products
• Taking pictures of products (and/or uploading stock images of products)
• Functioning as a stand-alone without connection
• Connecting via Wi-Fi (Internet) and transmitting data
• Connecting via telephone and transmitting data

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 Business Benefits

It is anticipated that the deployment of this new system will provide the
following business benefits to RMO:
• Increase timely communication between trade show attendees and
home office, thereby improving the quality and speed of purchase order
decisions
• Maintain correct and current information about suppliers and their key
personnel, thereby facilitating rapid communication with suppliers
• Maintain correct and rapid information and images about new products,
thereby facilitating the development of catalogs and Web pages
• Expedite the placing of purchase orders for new merchandise, thereby
catching trends more rapidly and speeding up product availability

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 Day 1: Activities

• Core Process 2: Plan the Project

• Determine the major components (functional areas) that are
needed
• Supplier information subsystem
• Product information subsystem
• Define the iterations and assign each function to an iteration
• Decide to do Supplier subsystem first
• Plan one iteration as it is small and straight forward
• Determine team members and responsibilities

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 Work Breakdown
Structure for
Iteration
Describes the work and
covers Core Processes 3, 4,
5, and 6

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 Work Sequence Draft
for Iteration
Elaborates the Work Breakdown
Structure

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 Day 2: Activities

• Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details

• Do preliminary fact-finding to understand requirements
• Develop a preliminary list of use cases and a use case
diagram
• Develop a preliminary list of classes and a class diagram

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 Identify Use Cases: Both subsystems

Use Case Description

Using supplier name, find supplier information and
Look up supplier
contacts
Enter/update supplier information Enter (new) or update (existing) supplier information

Look up contact Using contact name, find contact information

Enter/update contact information Enter (new) or update (existing) contact information

Using description or supplier name, look up product
Look up product information
information
Enter/update contact information Enter (new) or update (existing) product information

Upload product image Upload images of the merchandise product

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 Identify Object Classes: Both subsystems

Object Classes Attributes

Supplier Supplier name, address, description, comments
name, address, phone(s), e-mail address(es), position,
Contact
comments
Product Category, name, description, gender, comments

ProductPicture ID, image

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 Preliminary Class Diagram: Both
subsystems

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 Day 3: Activities

• Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details

• Do in-depth fact-finding to understand requirements
• Understand and document the detailed workflow of each
use case
• Core Process 4: Design System Components
• Define the user experience with screens and report
sketches

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 Supplier Information Subsystem

• Use cases:
• Look up supplier
• Enter/update supplier information
• Lookup contact information
• Enter/update contract information

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 Use Case Diagram: Supplier
information subsystem

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 Activity Diagram
(Workflow)

Look up supplier use case

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 Draft Screen Layout: Look up supplier
use case

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 Day 4: Activities

• Core Process 4: Design System Components

• Design the database (schema)
• Design the system’s high level structure
• Browser, Windows, or Smart phone
• Architectural configuration (components)
• Design class diagram
• Subsystem architectural design

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 Database Schema (1 of 2)
Table name Attributes
Supplier SupplierID: integer {key}
Name: string {index}
Address1: string
Address1: string
City: string
State-province: string
Postal-code: string
Country: string
SupplierWebURL: string
Comments: string

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 Database Schema (2 of 2)
Table name Attributes
Contact ContactID: integer {key}
SupplierID: integer {foreign key}
Name: string {index}
Title: string
WorkAddress1: string
WorkAddress2: string
WorkCity: string
WorkState: string
WorkPostal-code: string
WorkCountry: string
WorkPhone: string
WorkPhone: string
EmailAddress1: string
EmailAddress2: string
Comments: string

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 Architectural Configuration
Diagram

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 Preliminary Design
Class Diagram
Includes View Layer Classes
and Domain Layer Classes

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 Subsystem
Architectural
Design Diagram

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 Notes on Managing the Project

• Lots of design diagrams shown

• Design in a complex activity with multiple levels
• One diagram builds on/complements another
• Not everything is diagrammed, especially for a small
project. Pick and choose.
• Programming is also done concurrently
• You don’t design everything then code
• You do some design, some coding, some design, some
coding

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 Day 5: Activities
• Core Process 4: Design System Components
• Continue with design details
• Proceed use case by use case
• Core Process 5: Build, Test, and Integrate System
Components
• Continue programming (build)
• Build use case by use case
• Perform unit and integration tests

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 Code Example
for One Class

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 Day 6: Activities

• Core Process 6: Complete System Testing and

Deploy the System
• Perform system functional testing
• Perform user acceptance testing
• Possibly deploy part of system

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 Workflow of Testing Tasks

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 First Iteration Recap

• This was a 6 day iteration of small project

• Most iterations are longer (2 to 4 weeks)
• This project might be 2 iterations
• Most projects have many more iterations
• End users need to be involved, particularly in day
1, 2, 3 and 6.
• Days 4 and 5 involved design and programming
concurrently.

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 This Book is about Activities and
Tasks in the SDLC

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 Summary

• This text is about developing information systems

that solve an organization need
• Chapter 1 takes you through the whole process for
one small information system
• System development involves 6 core processes,
known as the SDLC
• The rest of the text elaborates on the basic
processes shown in chapter 1

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 Summary – Terms (1 of 3)

• Terms to review and know include:

• Computer application
• Information system
• Project
• Systems analysis
• System design
• System development lifecycle (SDLC)
• Information system development process (methodology)

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 Summary – Terms (2 of 3)

• Agile development
• Iterative development
• System vision document
• Work breakdown structure
• Work sequence draft
• Use cases
• Use case diagram
• Object classes (domain classes)

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 Summary – Terms (3 of 3)

• Class diagram
• Design class diagram
• High level structural design (architectural design)
• Database schema
• Screen layout

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