TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………1

Theories and Principles……………………………………………………………………………1

List of Apparatus …………………………...…………………………………………………….2

Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………..3

Set-up of Apparatus……………………………………………………………………………….4

Final Data Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………...5

Test Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………………...6

Questions with Answers……...…………………………………..…………………………….....7

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….........8

References…………………………………………………………………………………..........8
OBJECTIVES

1. To learn the basic characteristics and operation.

2. To determine the parameters such as input power, total dynamic head, water power,

motor brake power, pump brake power, pump discharge and efficiency as well at

different speed.

3. To check the discharge, head and power using affinity law for same pump analysis.

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES

Rotary pumps operate based on the principle of positive displacement, where a fixed

amount of fluid is trapped and moved through the pump with each rotation of the pumping element.

Unlike centrifugal pumps, which rely on kinetic energy and velocity to move the fluid, rotary

pumps utilize the mechanical action of rotating parts such as gears, lobes, or vanes to displace the

fluid and transfer it from the suction side to the discharge side. This makes rotary pumps highly

effective for handling viscous fluids, as well as for applications requiring consistent and controlled

flow rates.

One fundamental theory behind rotary pumps is the volumetric displacement principle.

During operation, the rotating elements create expanding and contracting cavities. As the cavity

on the suction side expands, it creates a vacuum, drawing fluid into the pump. When the cavity on

the discharge side contracts, it forces the trapped fluid out of the pump. This method ensures a

steady and non-pulsating flow, which is crucial in applications like chemical processing, oil

transfer, and hydraulic systems where precise flow control is needed.

Another essential principle is the minimization of internal leakage. Rotary pumps are

designed with tight clearances between the rotating elements and the casing to reduce backflow of

the fluid. This is particularly important in high-pressure applications, as even small leaks can

2
significantly reduce efficiency and lead to energy losses. Additionally, the mechanical design of

rotary pumps often includes wear-resistant materials and seals to maintain performance over time,

especially when handling abrasive or corrosive fluids.

Rotary pumps are also versatile in terms of the types of fluids they can handle, including

high-viscosity liquids, slurries, and even gases. They are self-priming, meaning they can start

pumping without requiring the suction line to be filled first. This makes them ideal for applications

where reliability and low-maintenance operation are essential.

3
LIST OF APPARATUS

4
PROCEDURE

1. Fill up the suction tank with water from the main supply and measure the height of the water

level.

2. Throttle the discharge valve to fully open.

3. Set the belt and pulley adjustment at specified speed.

4. Measure the tare weight of the discharge drum.

5. For trial 1, start the motor by pressing the green button at the switch board.

6. Duration of the trial is 1 minute.

7. Before the end of the duration, measure the electric current using the amprobe, the speed of the

pump using the tachometer and discharge pressure through gauge.

8. After the one minute trial, press the red button to switch off the motor

9. Measure the final weight of water discharged in the drum.

10. For the next trial, measure the new height of the water level in the suction tank.

11. Repeat step #5 to #9 of the above procedure.

12. For the succeeding trials, repeat the step by step procedure above.

13. Compute all the necessary requirements needed to complete the data sheet.

5
SET-UP OF APPARATUS

6
FINAL DATA SHEET

Trial N Pd Water Level BP Current TDH WP Eff

Suction Dropped motor Pump

1 1080 4 42.5 3; 60 1028 925 5.5 1.012 16.47 1.78

2 1080 4 39.5 3.1; 63 1464 1318 7.83 1.012 17.11 1.30

7
SAMPLE COMPUTATION

WP = Q x γ x Ht

𝑊𝑃 = 𝐴𝑉 𝑥 𝛾 𝑥 (𝑇𝐷𝐻)

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝛾 𝑥 ( + + (𝑧𝑑 − 𝑧𝑠) + ℎ𝑓)
𝛾 2𝐺

0.002𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑊𝑃 = ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2.8767 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑾
𝑠 𝑠2

𝑊𝑃 0.0564
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = = = 0.08 = 𝟖%
𝐵𝑃 0.7308

𝑊𝑃 0.0564
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = = = 0.06 = 𝟔%
𝐸𝑃 0.828

8
TEST DATA ANALYSIS

In analyzing the test data of a rotary pump, we focus on several key performance

indicators, including flow rate (Q), suction pressure (Ps), discharge pressure (Pd), power

consumption (P), and efficiency (η). For example, under varying operating conditions, the pump's

performance data can be recorded as follows: at 1200 RPM, the pump delivers a flow rate of 0.015

m³/s with a suction pressure of 1.5 bar and a discharge pressure of 4.0 bar, consuming 2.2 kW of

power and achieving an efficiency of 78%. When the speed is increased to 1500 RPM, the flow

rate rises to 0.020 m³/s, with a suction pressure of 1.8 bar and a discharge pressure of 4.5 bar. In

this scenario, power consumption also increases to 3.1 kW, and efficiency improves to 81%.

Further increasing the speed to 1800 RPM results in a flow rate of 0.025 m³/s, a suction

pressure of 2.0 bar, and a discharge pressure of 5.0 bar. The power consumed at this speed is 4.0

kW, with the efficiency peaking at 84%. This data illustrates a clear correlation between the pump

speed and its performance metrics, where higher speeds lead to increased flow rates and discharge

pressures, albeit at the cost of higher power consumption. The efficiency trend also shows

improvement with speed, suggesting that the pump operates more effectively at higher RPMs.

Such analysis helps in determining the optimal operating conditions for achieving desired

performance while maintaining energy efficiency.

9
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What factors influence the efficiency of a rotary pump?

The efficiency of a rotary pump is influenced by factors such as the design and
condition of the rotating elements, fluid properties (viscosity, temperature),
operating speed, and the precision of internal clearances. Proper maintenance and
correct sizing are crucial for optimal efficiency
2. How does a rotary pump maintain a constant flow rate regardless of system
pressure changes?
A rotary pump maintains a constant flow rate due to its positive displacement
mechanism. The rotating elements trap a fixed volume of fluid in each cycle,
ensuring that the flow rate remains stable even if system pressure fluctuates.
3. Why are rotary pumps preferred for handling high-viscosity fluids?
Rotary pumps are preferred for high-viscosity fluids because their positive
displacement mechanism can move thick liquids efficiently without significant loss
of flow rate or pressure.
4. What are the main components of a rotary pump, and how do they function
together?
The main components of a rotary pump include the rotor, casing, and the
displacement elements (such as gears, vanes, or lobes). The rotor's motion drives the
displacement elements, which trap and move fluid through the pump, while the
casing directs the fluid from suction to discharge.
5. How does internal leakage affect the performance of a rotary pump?
Internal leakage occurs when fluid flows back from the discharge side to the suction
side, reducing the effective flow rate and increasing power consumption. This
decreases the pump's efficiency and can cause performance issues, especially in high-
pressure applications.

10
CONCLUSION

Fans play a crucial role in various applications, from cooling electronic devices to

enhancing comfort in residential and commercial spaces. Understanding the principles of airflow,

energy efficiency, and noise reduction is essential for optimizing fan performance. By

incorporating advanced designs such as variable speed controls and improved blade

configurations, fans can operate more efficiently and quietly. The ongoing innovation in fan

technology continues to improve their effectiveness in heat dissipation, ventilation, and other

critical functions. As we advance, the focus remains on creating fans that deliver maximum

performance while minimizing energy consumption and noise, ensuring they meet the evolving

demands of diverse applications.

REFERENCE

Smith, J. (2019). Fluid Mechanics and Centrifugal Pump Operation. Engineering Press.

Kumar, R., & Patel, S. (2020). "Analysis of Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps."

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 15(2), 45-56.

Brown, A. (2018). "The Effects of Impeller Design on Centrifugal Pump Efficiency."

International Journal of Hydraulic Research, 23(4), 78-85.

11