BBA Structure &1st Semester Draft
BBA Structure &1st Semester Draft
BBA Structure &1st Semester Draft
(BBA)
CURRICULUM
2024
ii
Table of Contents
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
Curricular Structure
The curriculum is designed to equip students with the competencies, knowledge, skills, and
attitudes needed for success in management field. The coursework gives students a broad and
holistic view of the challenges in today's business environment. The BBA program provides
students basis for career growth and prepares them for higher studies. The curriculum comprises
the following six distinct components:
• Foundation Courses: These courses develop students' communication skills and provide
them with strong foundation in economics, behavioral science, statistics, mathematics,
information technology, and legal environment of business.
• Core Courses: These courses will help students to understand principles and practices in
the basic and functional areas of management and develop their ability to synthesize and
appreciate the interrelationships among these areas of management.
• Concentration Courses: The concentration courses will help students to develop
specialized and focused skills in the areas of their choice. Students are required to select
three courses from any one of the concentration areas offered by the school/college.
• Elective Courses: The elective courses are non-business courses, based on social
sciences. A student may select any two of the listed elective courses. These courses take
place as other regular courses, and are graded in the same way. A college can also develop
and offer any other non-business elective courses with the prior approval of the Office of the
Dean, Faculty of Management Studies.
• Project Work and Internship: Students need to take project works and internship during
the study period. The projects involve fieldworks and their empirical analysis. Students
must follow the prescribed formats to prepare such reports. Besides this, students also
need to do internships in business organizations for six to eight weeks. Aimed to provide
an opportunity to gain real-life experience, this course also helps the students to apply
theoretical understanding to action.
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• Practicum Courses: Practicum courses will help students to experience the essential
practical tasks emphasized to acquire skills and knowledge in working life. The
practicum includes the areas of academic writing, technological skills, software trainings
and soft skills development for developing professional competences.
Program Features
The BBA is a four-year program structured in eight semesters. A student needs to complete 120
credit hours of course work, project work, practicum and internship for graduation.
Besides lectures, the classes are facilitated by case studies, group discussions, project
assignments, field visits, class presentations and other teaching methods. In order to develop
communication and interpersonal skills, students are emphasized to participate in class activities,
group discussions and individual presentations.
The medium of instruction and examination for this program will be English, and a student is
expected to have good English language proficiency with acceptable communication skills.
Eligibility
The entry requirement for a new student in BBA will be Intermediate or Higher Secondary level
(10+2) or Grade 12 or Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL), or equivalent as recognized by
Pokhara University. In addition, the student must pass the entrance test conducted by the
concerned college.
Documents Required
The applicant is required to submit the following documents with the application form made
available by the concerned college/school by paying a predetermined fee, completed and signed
BBA application form, official transcripts from the academic institutions previously attended.
Certificates of all degrees should be photocopied and submitted with proper attestation.
Enrolment is conditional upon completion of all admission formalities including payment of all
fees as determined by the college. Incomplete applications shall not be processed.
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Admission Procedures
A notice inviting applications for admission is publicly announced. Application forms and
information brochures are provided, on request, after the payment of the prescribed fee.
The concerned college scrutinizes the application. The eligible candidates are informed to take
the entrance test. The date and time for the entrance test are informed to the applicants by the
concerned colleges. The college may also interview the candidates for the final selection for
admission.
The candidates who are given provisional admission under special conditions are required to
submit all necessary documents within a month after their regular classes begin. A student who
fails to do so will have his/her admission cancelled.
Attendance Requirements
A student must attend every lecture, tutorial, seminar and practical class. However, to
accommodate for late registration, sickness and other contingencies, the attendance requirements
will be a minimum of 80% of the classes actually held. If a student is absent in the class for more
than four weeks without the permission of the concerned authority, his/her name will be removed
from the college roll.
Evaluation System
A student's academic performance in a course is evaluated in two phases:
Internally by the concerned faculty member through quizzes, tutorials, lab works, home
assignments, class tests, class participation, term papers, formal internal examination etc.
Externally by the Office of the Controller of Examinations through semester-end
examinations. However, the school/college has given autonomy to set question papers,
conducting semester end examinations, copy evaluations and providing final grades in
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A fifty percent weight is given to each internal and external evaluation (semester-end
examination). Pass marks in each evaluation is 45 percent and a student is required to pass the
internal and external evaluations independently. The final grade awarded on the basis of his/her
consolidated performance in both internal and external evaluations.
A student will get NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) status in the internal evaluation if his/her
performance falls below the minimum requirement. Such students will not be allowed to appear
in the semester-end examination of that particular course.
Grading System
Pokhara University follows a four-point letter grade system. The letter grades awarded to
students will be as follows:
Grade Grade Point Description
A 4.0 Excellent
A- 3.7
B+ 3.3
B 3.0 Good
B- 2.7
C+ 2.3
C 2.0 Satisfactory
C- 1.7
D+ 1.3
D 1.0 Minimum Requirement
F 0 Fail
In some rare and unusual circumstances, if a student is unable to complete all the required works
for the course, he/she may be temporarily marked with an incomplete grade "I". If all the
required works are not completed within the following semester, the letter "I" will be
automatically converted into "F". The performance of a student is evaluated in terms of the
following two indices:
• The semester grade point average (SGPA) which is the grade point average for the
semester and is given by: SGPA = Total honor points earned in a semester/ total number
of credit hours taken in a semester.
• The cumulative grade point average (CGPA) which is the grade point average for all
completed semester and is given by: CGPA = Cumulative total honor points earned/
cumulative total number of credit hours taken.
Repeating a Course
A course may be taken only once for grade. Since passing of all courses individually is a degree
requirement, the student must retake the failing course when offered and must successfully
complete the course. A student will be allowed to retake maximum of two courses to achieve a
minimum CGPA of 2.0. The grade earned on the retake examination will substitute the earlier
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grade earned by the student in that course. A student can retake a course only when it is offered
by the college/University.
A student may apply for withdrawal from the entire semester only on medical grounds. The
principal will examine the application for semester withdrawal, and depending on the gravity of
the case, he/she will make the decision. No partial withdrawal from the courses registered in a
semester will be considered.
Project Work
Students are required to do an independent capstone project that involves fieldwork and its
empirical analysis. At the end, the students must prepare a report of this work in the prescribed
format and submit it to the authorized person/body. The objective of these project works is to
develop students’ skills in research, particularly in areas of data collection, processing, analysis,
and report writing. These reports will be evaluated by the concerned authority.
Internship
Students need to do an internship as approved by the college. The purpose of internship is to
provide students with the real-life, on-the-job exposure and an opportunity to apply theoretical
concepts in real-life situation. Students' interest and intended area of concentration are taken into
account while making the internship placement decisions.
Unfair Means
Students are strictly forbidden from adopting any unfair means in class assignments, tests,
report-writing and final examination.
The following would be considered as adoption of unfair means during examination:
• Communication with fellow students for help.
• Copying from another student’s script/report/paper.
• Copying from disk, palm of hand, mobile phone, or other incriminating documents.
• Processing from any incriminating documents, whether used or not.
• Any direct or indirect approach to influence teacher for the grade.
• Unruly behavior which disrupts academic program.
If the instructor detects a student using unfair means, the student may be given an ‘F’ at the
discretion of the Examination Board. Adoption of unfair means may further result in the
expulsion of the student from the program, college and the University as well.
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Degree Requirements
For graduation a student should:
• earn at least a ‘D’ grade in each course as specified in the grading system section,
• complete the internship with ‘Pass’ grade,
• complete all the courses, project work and internship as specified in the curricular
structure, section within the maximum time period mentioned in the duration of study
section,
• maintain at least 2.0 CGPA.
Concentration/Specialization
Any three courses from any one of following concentration area (9 Credit Hours)
Concentration Code Course Title Credits
Area Hours
Accounting ACC 310 Auditing 3
ACC 311 Taxation 3
ACC 312 Advanced Management Accounting 3
ACC313 Management Control System 3
ACC 314 Accounting Reports and Financial Statement 3
Analysis
ACC 315 Accounting for Project Management 3
Marketing MKT 310 Digital and Social Media Marketing 3
MKT 311 Promotion Management 3
MKT 312 Sales Management 3
MKT 313 Retail Marketing 3
MKT 314 Service Marketing 3
MKT 315 Brand Management 3
MKT 316 Rural Marketing 3
MKT 317 Marketing Research 3
Finance FIN 310 Corporate Finance 3
FIN 311 Cooperatives Management 3
FIN 312 Microfinance
FIN 313 Fundamentals of Investment Management 3
FIN 314 International Finance 3
FIN 315 Risk Management and Insurance 3
FIN 316 Fundamentals of Financial Derivatives 3
FIN 317 Financial Institutions and Markets 3
FIN 318 Sustainable Finance 3
Human Resource HRM310 Labour Laws and Industrial Relations 3
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Electives (Any two courses from the following list) (6 Credit Hours)
The courses offered in this area are basically of non-business nature. These are offered to widen the
knowledge base of students in social and development issues. A college can also develop and offer any
other non-business elective courses with the prior approval of the Office of the Dean, Faculty of
Management Studies.
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
BBA PROGRAM
Semester I Semester II
Course Code Course Title Credits Hours Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Business
ENG 110 English 3 BUC 201 3
Communication
Basic Business
MTH 110 3 MTH 111 3
Mathematics Mathematics
IT for Introduction to
ICT 110 3 ECO 110 3
Business Microeconomics
Fundamentals of
Behavioral
BHS 110 3 MGT 112 Organizational 3
Science
Behavior
Principles of Financial
MGT 111 3 ACC 110 3
Management Accounting
Software
Soft Skills
PRC 110 Skills 1 PRC 111 1
Practicum
Practicum
TOTAL 16 TOTAL 16
Semester V Semester VI
Course Code Course Title Credits Hours Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Entrepreneurship Essentials of e-
MGT 115 3 MIS 111 3
and Innovation Business
Fundamentals of
International
MGT 116 Operations 3 MGT 118 3
Business
Management
Management
MIS 110 Information PRJ 110 Project Work 3
System 3
Project
MGT 117 3 Concentration II 3
Management
Concentration I 3 Elective I 3
Business
Fintech
PRC 113 1 PRJ 111 Development
Practicum
Project 2
TOTAL 16 TOTAL 17
English
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management Studies
1. Course Description
This course provides interdisciplinary insights to students covering wide range of disciplines
and field of experiences including ancient tales, education and intelligence, cross-cultural
bridging, cultural anthropology, natural science, critical and creative thinking, media and
technology, humor and satire, love, life and death and more. The selected reading materials
aim at enhancing the language skills, inculcate a crave for active reading, sharpen the critical
and creative thinking skills of the students, interact across diverse cultures, environments and
realm around them and finally cultivate a broader worldview as well as an understanding of
human condition, love, compassion, life and death.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are:
To enable students develop pragmatic approach of dealing with texts applying the
four levels.
To improve their basics of language skills.
To equip students with series of readings and comprehension exercises to foster a
love of extensive reading.
To make students aware of interdisciplinary approach and worldview to understand
and deal with the realms round students of management.
3. Contents in Details
Note: The figures in the parentheses indicate the approximate periods for the respective units.
4. Methods of Instruction
The principal methods of instruction for this course will be lectures, presentations, classroom
discussions, group works, extended writing workshops, quizzes etc. The class instructor is
free to customize the methods as per the classroom requirements, contexts and objectives of
the concerned units. The instructor is expected to use the mentioned topics as prompts to
invite broad discussion of extra reading materials. For instance, the discussion on television
culture (Unit 4) could go upto media, IT, smart gadgets and AI.
The internal evaluation components may consist of any combination of written test,
quizzes and oral test, workshop, assignments, term paper, project work, case study
analysis and discussion, open book test, class participation and any other test deemed to
be suitable by the faculty.
classes and complete all the assignments within the specified time period. If a student
does not attend the class(es), it is his/her sole responsibility to cover the topic(s) taught
during the period. If a student fails to attend a formal exam, quiz, test, etc. and there is not
any provision for a re-exam.
Text Book
Nisani, M., and Lohani S. .Flax Golden Tales. ( Shorter Edition) Kathmandu: Ekta
2013/latest edition.
References
Nisani, M., and S. Lohani. Adventures in English Vol I. Third Edition. Kathmandu: Ekta
(including Sounds of English and Stories and Poems cassettes)
-------------Adventures in English Vol II. Third Edition. Kathmandu: Ekta 2013. (Including
Sounds of English and Stories and Poems cassettes)
(Note: The reference books cover the missing reading texts in the prescribed textbooks.)
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Basic Mathematics
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management Studies
1. Course Description
This course provides an introduction to basic mathematical concepts and techniques that are
essential for understanding and solving problems in business and economics. The course covers
the topics including sets, equations, functions, matrices, and financial mathematics, emphasizing
their applications in business contexts.
2. General Objectives
The course is designed with the following general objectives:
To acquaint the students with the basic mathematical principles.
To enable the students for applying mathematical techniques to solve business-related
problems.
To enhance analytical and critical thinking skills of the students through mathematical
reasoning.
3. Contents in Detail
Specific Objectives Contents
Solve related problems Unit I: Fundamentals of Arithmetic's and Algebra (10
Hours)
1.1 Basic Arithmetic Operations
1.2 Fractions, Decimals, Ratio, Proportion, and Percentages
1.3 Integral Exponents, Radicals and Rational Exponents
1.4 Operations with Algebraic Expressions
1.5 Factoring
1.6 Algebraic Fractions
1.7 Permutation and combination
1.8 Sets
1.9 Real Numbers
• Solve linear equations and Unit II: Linear Equations and Functions (8 Hours)
inequalities in one variable 2.1 Solutions of Linear Equations and Inequalities in One
• State the domains and Variable
ranges of functions 2.2 Functions
• Use a graphing utility to 2.3 Graphs and Graphing Utilities
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4. Methods of Instruction
The course will be taught by lecture method, group discussion, class work, assignments,
project work, case studies. Students will require to utilize computer for computational works.
The internal evaluation components may consist of any combination of written test,
quizzes and oral test, workshop, assignments, term paper, project work, case study
analysis and discussion, open book test, class participation and any other test deemed to
be suitable by the faculty.
5.1.2 Semester End Examination
There will be semester end examination at the end of the semester conducted by the
Office of the Controller of Examinations, Pokhara University. It carries 50 % weight of
total evaluation.
5.2 Students’ Responsibilities
Each student must secure at least 45% marks in the internal evaluation with 80%
attendance in the class to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to obtain such
score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) and the student will not be eligible to appear
in the Semester End Examination. Students are advised to attend all the classes and
complete all the assignments within the specified time period. If a student does not attend
the class(es), it is his/her sole responsibility to cover the topic(s) taught during the period.
If a student fails to attend a formal exam, quiz, test, etc. and there is not any provision for
a re-exam.
IT for Business
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management Studies
1. Course Description
IT for Business is a basic course for bachelor level students who intend to develop their
conceptual knowledge in IT use for business and management with its application in real life
practice. This course creates the conceptual knowledge of computers used in business in the day-
to-day operations of any type of work in the office and personal life as well. This course has five
units. The first unit explains the concept of computers and their organization. The second unit
provides knowledge about computer number systems. The third unit describes the various
accessories used in the computer system, mainly input output devices. The fourth unit provides
various outlines about data communication and computer network. The fifth unit explains about
operating systems, email and internet and security system.
2. General Objectives
The general course objectives are to enhance the ability of students with the conceptual of
fundamental knowledge about the computer system, IT and business application and hardware
components of computer as well. After completing this course, the students will be able:
To understand basic computer concepts, functions, and components.
To explore number systems, conversions, and computer codes.
To identify various computer accessories and their uses.
To learn about data communication, computer networks, and their topologies.
To understand computer software, operating systems, internet protocols, and security
measures.
3. Contents in Details
4. Methods of Instruction
Class Room based Lecture, Discussion-based lecture, Problem-based Learning (PBL), Flipped
Classroom-based, Active Learning, Socratic Method, Cooperative Learning, Experimental
Learning, Gamification, Inquiry-based Learning, Constructivist Approach, Collaborative
Learning, Direct Instruction, Differentiated Instruction, Montessori Method, Reggio Emilia
Approach, Waldorf Education, Peer Teaching etc.
and fifty percent weight to the Semester-end examination conducted by the Office of the
Controller of Examinations, Pokhara University.
The internal evaluation components may consist of any combination of written test,
quizzes and oral test, workshop, assignments, term paper, project work, case study
analysis and discussion, open book test, class participation and any other test deemed to
be suitable by the faculty.
Text Books
Turban, E., Pollard, C., & Wood, G. Information Technology for Management: Digital Strategies
for Insight, Action, and Sustainable Performance. Wiley.
Faithe, W. Computing Fundamentals: Introduction to Computers, Sybex, ISBN: 9781119039716
Henderson, H. (2009). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology (Rev. ed.). Facts on
File, Inc.https://ebooks.allfree-stuff.com/eBookShow/1902/72/Computer-
Fundamentals/Encyclopedia-of-Computer-science-and-technology-Revised-Edition-
harry-henderson/
References
Sinha, P.K. & Sinha, Priti, Foundations of Computing. BPB Publications (Third Edition).
Balagurusamy, E. Fundamental of Computers. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
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Behavioral Science
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management Studies
1. Course Description
This undergraduate course in Behavioral Science has been designed to provide students with
an important insight into understanding human behavior in the social environment from an
interdisciplinary perspective. Basically, the course is divided into 6 different units that covers
varied topics from concepts of Behavioral science, to understanding self, interpersonal
behavior, social influence, managing diversity as well as behaviors. The course provides both
theoretical principles as well as practical applications of Behavioral science in the context of
organizations. Apart from using lectures and readings, other methods like experiential
exercises, case studies and class simulations will be used to provide skills for the students’
enduring careers.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are:
• To acquaint students with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles of
Behavioral Science and its relations with Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology
• To make students knowledgeable about the importance of behavior in the workplace
• To develop students skills on analyzing behaviors at individual and group and
structural levels in and outside the workplace
• To enable students to critically understand oneself in relation to others
• To equip students with competencies of being able to work independently as well as
in collaboration with others
• To expose the students to cross-cultural diversity & enhance their respect for
diversity.
• To make students aware of changes in behaviors with technology.
3. Contents in Detail
Specific Objectives Contents
Define and explain the concept of Unit I: Introduction to Behavioral Science (7 Hours)
Behavioral Science 1.1 Meaning and definition of Behavioral Science
Describe the importance and 1.1.1 Differences between Behavioral Science and
goals of Behavioral Science Social Science.
Recognize Behavioral Science as 1.1.2 Disciplines comprising Behavioral Science
a multi-disciplinary science. (Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology)
Recognize the importance of 1.1.3 Importance of Behavioral Science
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semester-end examination. Fifty percent weight is given to the internal evaluation and fifty
percent weight to the Semester-end examination conducted by the Office of the Controller
of Examinations, Pokhara University.
5.1.1 Internal Evaluation
The internal evaluation is based on continuous evaluation process. The internal
evaluation components and their respective weights may vary according to the nature
and objectives of the course. An evaluation plan should be prepared by the faculty and
should share with the students in the beginning of the course.
The internal evaluation components may consist of any combination of written test,
quizzes and oral test, workshop, assignments, term paper, project work, case study
analysis and discussion, open book test, class participation and any other test deemed to
be suitable by the faculty.
5.1.2 Semester End Examinations
There will be semester end examination at the end of the semester conducted by the
Office of the Controller of Examinations, Pokhara University. It carries 50 percent
weight of total evaluation.
5.1 Students’ Responsibilities
Each student must secure at least 45 percent marks in the internal evaluation with 80
percent attendance in the class to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to obtain
such score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) and the student will not be eligible to
appear in the Semester End Examination. Students are advised to attend all the classes and
complete all the assignments within the specified time period. If a student does not attend
the class(es), it is his/her sole responsibility to cover the topic(s) taught during the period. If
a student fails to attend a formal exam, quiz, test, etc. and there is not any provision for a re-
exam.
6 Prescribed Books and References
Text Books
Chataway, R. The Behavior Business How to apply behavioral science for business success.
Harriman House Limited.
Ciccarelli, S. K., & Meyer, G. E. Psychology. Pearson.
McShane, S. L., Glinow, M. A. V., & Sharma, R. R. Organizational Behavior. McGraw Hill.
References
Greenberg, J. Behavior in Organizations. Pearson.
Griffin, R. W. & Moorhead, G. Organizational Behavior Managing People and Organizations.
Cengage Learning.
Khan, Z., & Newman, L. Building Behavioral Science in Organization. Action Design Network.
Konopaske, R., Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T. Organizational Behavior and
Management. McGraw Hill.
Luharia, A., Kadam. S., Tilwani, M., & Vyas, P. Behavioural Sciences in Organizations.
Innovative Publication.
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Principles of Management
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management Studies
1. Course Description
This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of management,
equipping students with the foundational knowledge and skills necessary for effective leadership
in the diverse industries and sectors. Through an exploration of key management concepts,
theories, and techniques, students will delve into the evolution of management thought and the
core functions that drive organizational success. This course is designed to be dynamic and
forward-looking, incorporating competitive management concepts that address the rapidly
evolving demands of modern business environment. By the end of the course, students will be
prepared to navigate the complexities of contemporary management, with a strong understanding
of management principles and emerging trends.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are:
To provide an overview of the fundamental principles, roles, and methods
involved in management.
To outline the evolution and development of management theories over time.
To assess and utilize various management theories to inform decision-making and
address challenges within organizations.
To recognize and understand modern perspectives, issues, and challenges in the
management to meet the evolving demands of contemporary businesses and
organizations.
3. Contents in Detail
Specific Objectives Contents
Explain the key aspects and characteristics Unit I: Introduction to Management (12 Hours)
of management. 1.1 Concept of management
Describe the basic management functions 1.2 Basic management functions
and discuss the managerial roles. 1.3 Managerial roles and skills
Review contemporary challenges for 1.4 The historical context of management
managers. 1.5 Contemporary managerial challenges and
Discuss the basic concept of business their way outs.
environment. 1.6 Business environment: concept, types and
Review emerging issues of business components
environment in Nepal 1.7 Emerging issues of business environment in
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4. Methods of Instructions
Lectures, readings, classroom discussions, experiential exercises, quiz, article review, case
analysis, simulations, group project and presentations.
The internal evaluation components may consist of any combination of written test,
quizzes and oral test, workshop, assignments, term paper, project work, case study
analysis and discussion, open book test, class participation and any other test deemed to
be suitable by the faculty.
1. Course Description
This introductory course is intended for students interested in learning to use the computer as a
productivity tool. Course content includes the fundamentals of basic software like Operating
System, Ms Word, Ms PowerPoint and Ms Excel.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives are:
To familiarize the students with fundamental computing software and their basic
functions
To equip the students with practical knowledge of MS Windows, MS Word, MS
Excel and MS Power Point
3. Contents in Detail
The suggested course contents are as follows:
Specific Objectives Contents
Enable in understanding and Unit I: Installing Software in a Computer (2 Hours)
recognizing various types of 1.1 Introduction to Software and types
software in a computer. 1.2 Installing of Software ( SPSS, MSOffice etc)
Develop skills in installing 1.3 Network Setup (IP Address, Firewall, Antivirus, Internet
an Operating System and and Email)
other software in a
Computer.
Make competent in using MS Unit II: MS Word (4 Hours)
word application 2.1 Font and paragraph formatting
2.2 Inserting charts, hyperlink, headers, footer, page number,
text box, equations, symbols
2.3 Page Margins, orientation, size, indent, spacing, page break
,section break
2.4 Automated table of contents, footnotes, citations and
automated bibliography, table of figures
2.5 Mail merge (letters and emails)
2.6 Proofing and comments, track changes
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4. Methods of Instruction
Interactive sessions, discussion, group work, role plays, feedback and coaching.
Students are advised to attend all the classes/sessions and complete all the assignments within the
specified time period. If a student does not attend the sessions, it is his/her sole responsibility to
cover the topic(s) taught during the period. If a student fails to attend a formal exam, quiz, test,
etc. and there is not any provision for a re-exam.