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Dip Questions

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Soham Mukherjee
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19 views3 pages

Dip Questions

Uploaded by

Soham Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) Difference btw PPI and DPI.

>> DPI reffers to Dots Per Inch. It is mostly used in printing media to measure the
intensity of the image being printed per inch of paper.
PPI reffers to Pixels Per Inch. It is used in digital displays and is a measure
for the pixel concentration per inch of the display.

2) Fundamental steps of Image processing.


>> Collecting the image -> Analyzing and Manipulating the image ->
Saving/Outputting the image + all 10 stages

3) Importance of Scikit Image in image processing.


4) Difference between Bitmap and Vector image.
5) Find mean intensity and number of bits.
6) Rotate a 8-bit grayscale image by 45 degree clockwise around it's centre.
7) Translate a color image 40 pixels downward and 30 pixels to the right.

hue, saturation, intensity, color spaces, python basics, why python, conversions

digital image -> f(x,y) -> f is intensity, x is for sampling, y is for quantization

Sampling + Quantization = Digitization


x(intensity) + y(amplitude)

example:
0 - black LOWEST AMPLITUDE
gray |
blue |
light blue V
1 - white HIGHEST AMPLITUDE

* All samples while sampling should be of distributed equally.


* Conversion of analog to digital image will have fluctuations in graph due to
NOISE.
* Sampling always happens before quantization.

>> 13/03/24
1) What are the basic steps involved in FFT and DFT?
2) Sampling and Quantization.
3) What are filters? (LPF, HPF, BPF)
4) What is image enhancement?
5) What is smoothing? What are smoothing techniques?(Low-Pass Filter; LPF for
smoothing and High-Pass Filter; HPF for sharpening)
6) What is image processing pipelining?
7) Image pyramids - Gradient, Gaussian, Laplace.
8) Spatial Domain vs Frequency Domain.
>> In a spatial domain, we place a mask [h(x,y)] on each pixel [f(x,y)] to obtain
an enhanced image [g(x,y)]
In a frequency domain, we use Fourier Transform to convert spatial domain to
frequency domain and obtain [f(u,v)], then an enhanced image [g(u,v)] is
obtained via inverted Fourier Transform.
Input Image > Preprocessing > Fourier Transformation > filteration
> Inverse Fourier Transform > Post-Processing > Enhanced Image
f(x,y) > > f(u,v) > h(u,v)
> g(u,v) > > g(x,y)

9) OpenCV vs Scikit Image.

>> 03/04/24
Blending of Images:
It is a process of combining 2 images to create a new image. For example

Python functions:
cv.addweight()
cv2.convertscaleabs() #contrast
cv2.puttext() #for adding text in image
cv2.MedianBlur() #for median filter
cv2.GaussianBlur() #for gaussian blur
cv2.BilateralBlur() #for bi-lateral filter

>> 10/04/24
Thresholding
= Single vs Multi level Thresholding
= Local | Global | Adaptive

>> 11/04/24
Smoothness Filter
= Blurring + Noise Reduction
> Preprocessing step

Smoothing

Linear Non-Linear

Mean Weighted_Avg Gaussian Box

Box filter:
square mask (3x3, 5x5, 6x6, etc) where all the co-efficients as the same.

Weighted AVG:
average nearby pixel by adding the values then dividing by size of mask to obtain
average. Put that average in the pixel being operated on.

Consider a image and calculate the output:


7 9 5
4 6 8
2 0 1

If smooothing is done using 3x3 mask, apply a box filter, weighted avg filter for
noise reduction and smoothing

>>
Let the mask for box filter be:
1 1 1
1 1 1 X (1/9)
1 1 1

so after applying box filter, image becomes:


(7+9+5+4+6+8+2+0+1)/9
= 42/9
= 4.67

since the mask size and box size are same, image will be:
4.67 4.67 4.67
4.67 4.67 4.67
4.67 4.67 4.67

Mask for weighted average filter:


1 2 1
2 4 2
1 2 1

value of top left pixel (7)


= ((7*4)+(9*1)+(4*2)+(6*1))/16
= (32+9+8+6)/16
= 55/16
= 3.43

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