Class 12 Mathematics Topic Wise Line by Line Questions Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions
Class 12 Mathematics Topic Wise Line by Line Questions Chapter 1 Sets, Relations and Functions
Chapter 05 9
SETS For example, the set A of all prime numbers less than 10 in
the set-builder form is written as
1. SET A = {x | x is a prime number less that 10}
The symbol '|' stands for the words 'such that'. Sometimes,
A set is a collection of well-defined and well distinguished we use the symbol ':' in place of the symbol '|'.
objects.
1.1 Notations
3. TYPES OF SETS
The sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C, etc. 3.1 Empty Set or Null Set
and the members or elements of the set are denoted by lower-
case letters a, b, c, etc. If x is a member of the set A, we write A set which has no element is called the null set or empty
x Î A (read as 'x belongs to A') and if x is not a member of the
set. It is denoted by the symbol f or { }.
set A, we write x Ï A (read as 'x does not belong to A,). If x
and y both belong to A, we write x, y Î A. For example, each of the following is a null set :
2. REPRESENTATION OF A SET (a) The set of all real numbers whose square is –1.
(b) The set of all rational numbers whose square is 2.
Usually, sets are represented in the following two ways :
(c) The set of all those integers that are both even and odd.
(i) Roster form or Tabular form
A set consisting of atleast one element is called a
(ii) Set Builder form or Rule Method
non-empty set.
2.1 Roster Form
3.2 Singleton Set
In this form, we list all the member of the set within braces
(curly brackets) and separate these by commas. For example, A set having only one element is called singleton set.
the set A of all odd natural numbers less that 10 in the Roster
For example, {0} is a singleton set, whose only member is 0.
form is written as :
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} 3.3 Finite and Infinite Set
In this form, we write a variable (say x) representing any The number of elements in finite set is represented by n(A),
member of the set followed by a property satisfied by each and is known as Cardinal number of set A.
member of the set.
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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3.6 Equivalent Sets The union of two sets A and B, written as A È B (read as 'A
union B'), is the set consisting of all the elements which are
Two finite sets A and B are said to be equivalent, if
either in A or in B or in both. Thus,
n (A) = n (B). Clearly, equal sets are equivalent but equivalent
sets need not be equal. A È B = {x : x Î A or x Î B}
NOTES :
x Ï A Ç B Þ x Ï A or x Ï B.
4.1 Power Set
The set of all subsets of a given set A is called the power set
of A and is denoted by P(A).
For example, if A = {1, 2, 3}, then
P(A) = { f , {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2} {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
Clearly, if A has n elements, then its power set P (A) contains For example, if A = {a, b, c, d) and B = {c, d, e, f}, then
exactly 2n elements. A Ç B = {c, d}.
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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5.3 Disjoint Sets For example, if A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {1, 3,5,7,9} then
A D B = (A – B) È (B – A) = {2,4} È {7,9} = {2,4,7,9}.
Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if A Ç B = f , i.e. A
and B have no element in common. 5.6 Complement of a Set
Ac = {x : x Î U and x Ï A}
For example, if A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 4, 6}, For example, if U = {1,2,3,4 ...} and A ={2,4,6,8,...}, then,
then A Ç B = f , so A and B are disjoint sets. Ac = {1,3,5,7, ...}
If A and B are two sets, then their difference A - B is defined (a) Uc = f (b) f c = U
as :
A – B = {x : x Î A and x Ï B}. (c) A È Ac = U (d) A Ç Ac = f
Similarly, B – A = {x : x Î B and x Ï A }.
6. ALGEBRA OF SETS
(a) A È f = A (b) A Ç f = f
(c) A È U = U (d) A Ç U = A
For example, if A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} then
A - B = {2, 4} and B - A = {7, 9}. 3. For any two sets A and B, we have
3. FUNCTIONS
3.1 Definition
(i) Expression under even root (i.e. square root, fourth root etc.)
should be non–negative.
(ii) Denominator ¹ 0.
(iii) logax is defined when x > 0, a > 0 and a ¹ 1.
An element of set A is not associated with a unique (iv) If domain of y = f (x) and y = g(x) are D1 and D2 respectively,
element of set B. then the domain of f (x) ± g(x) or f (x) . g(x) is D1 Ç D2. While
f x
Notations domain of is D1 Ç D 2 – {x: g(x) = 0}.
g x
Put y = f(x)
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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(iii) If domain Î a finite interval, find the least and greater value
for range using monotonocity. (a) One-to-One functions are also called Injective functions.
(b) Onto functions are also called Surjective
NOTES : (c) (one-to-one) & (onto) functions are also called Bijective
Functions.
1. Question of format :
Methods to check one-one mapping
æ Q L Q ö Q ® quadratic
ç y = ; y = ; y = ÷ L ® Linear
è Q Q Lø 1. Theoretically : If f (x1) = f (x2)
Range is found out by cross-multiplying & creating a
Þ x1 = x2, then f (x) is one-one.
quadratic in ‘x’ & making D ³ 0 (as x Î R)
2. Questions to find range in which-the given expression 2. Graphically : A function is one-one, iff no line parallel
y = f(x) can be converted into x (or some function of x) = to x-axis meets the graph of function at more than one
expression in ‘y’. point.
Do this & apply method (ii).
3. By Calculus : For checking whether f (x) is One-One,
NOTES : find whether function is only increasing or only
decreasing in their domain. If yes, then function is
Two functions f & g are said to be equal iff
one-one, i.e. if f ' x ³ 0, " x Î domain or i.e.,
1. Domain of f = Domain of g
2. Co-domain of f = Co-domain of g if f ' x £ 0 , " x Î domain, then function is one-one.
3. f(x) = g(x) " x Î Domain.
ì 1; x > 0
ï
f (x) = í 0; x = 0
ï -1; x < 0
î
is called signum function. It is usually denoted by
y = f(x) = sgn(x).
ì x; x ³ 0
f (x) = í
î- x; x < 0
NOTES :
ìx
ï ; x¹0
Sgn(x) = í x
ï 0; x = 0
î
x |x|
2. xy = x y, =
y |y|
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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If n is an integer and x is any real number between n and n + 1, f (x) = logax, a > 0, a ¹ 1
then the greatest integer function has the following properties : Domain : x Î (0, ¥)
Range : y Î R
(1) [–n] = – [n]
(2) [x + n] = [x] + n
(3) [–x] = – [x] –1
ì-1, if x Ï I
(4) [x] + [– x] = í
î 0, if x Î I
NOTES :
ì x - 1; 1 £ x < 2
ï
x =x - x = í x ; 0 £ x <1
ï x + 1; - 1 £ x < 0
î
NOTES :
(a) loga a = 1
(b) logb a . logc b . loga c = 1
(c) loga 1 = 0
x
(d) e x ln a = e ln a = a x
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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NOTES :
5. EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS
If the exponent and the base are on same side of the unity,
then the logarithm is positive. Even Function : f (–x) = f (x), " x Î Domain
If the exponent and the base are on different sides of unity, The graph of an even function y = f (x) is symmetric about the
then the logarithm is negative. y–axis. i.e., (x, y) lies on the graph Û (–x, y) lies on the graph.
6.1 Drawing graph of y = f(x) ± b, b Î R+ from known graph We know that the corresponding points (points with the
of y = f(x) same x-coordinates) have their ordinates in the ratio of 1:a
(where a > 0). Figure depicts the procedure.
It is obvious that the domain of f(x) and f(x) + b are the same.
The graph of f(x) + b can be obtained by translating the
graph of f(x) in the positive direction on y-axis and the graph
of f(x) - b can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) in
the negative direction on y-axis.
If 0 < a < 1, then f(x) will stretch by a times along x - axis, and
if a > 1, then f(x) will compress by a times along x - axis.
Figure depicts the procedure.
We have |f(x)| = f(x) if f(x) ³ 0 and |f(x)| = -f(x) if f(x) < 0 which
means that the graph of f(x) and |f(x)| would concide if
f(x) ³ 0 and the sections, where f(x) < 0, get inverted in the
upwards direction. Figure depicts the procedure.
7. PERIODIC FUNCTION
Definition :
The graph of f(x - a) can be obtained by translating the Graphically, if the graph repeats at fixed interval, then function is
graph of f(x) in the positive direction on x-axis and the graph said to be periodic and its period is the width of that interval.
of f(x + a) can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) in Some standard results on periodic functions
the negative direction on x-axis. The procedure is depicted
in figure. Functions Periods
n n n n
(i) sin x, cos x, sec x, cosec x p ; if n is even.
2p ; (if n is odd or fraction)
(ii) tann x, cotn x p ; n is even or odd.
(iii) |sin x|, |cos x|, |tan x| p
|cot x|, |sec x|, |cosec x|
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
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SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example – 1 Example – 5
Write the set of all positive integers whose cube is odd. State which of the following sets are finite and which are
Sol. The elements of the required set are not even. infinite
[Q Cube of an even integer is also an even integer] (i) A = {x : x Î N and x2 – 3x + 2 = 0}
Moreover, the cube of a positive odd integer is a positive (ii) B = {x : x Î N and x2 = 9}
odd integer. (iii) C = {x : x Î N and x is even}
Þ The elements of the required set are all positive odd integers. (iv) D = {x : x Î N and 2x – 3 = 0}.
Hence, the required set, in the set builder form, is : Sol. (i) A = {1, 2}.
2k + 1 : k ³ 0, k Î Z . [Q x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 Þ (x – 1) (x – 2) = 0 Þ x = 1, 2]
Hence A is finite.
Example – 2 (ii) B = {3}.
[Q x2 = 9 Þ x = + 3. But 3 Î N]
ì1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ü
Write the set í , , , , , , ý in the set Hence B is finite.
î2 3 4 5 6 7 8þ
(iii) C = {2, 4, 6, ......}
builder form.
Hence C is infinite.
Sol. In each element of the given set the denominator is one
more than the numerator. é 3 ù
(iv) D = f. êQ 2x - 3 = 0 Þ x = Ï N ú
Also the numerators are from 1 to 7. ë 2 û
Hence the set builder form of the given set is : Hence D is finite.
x : x = n / n + 1, n Î N and 1 £ n £ 7 . Example – 6
(iv) Since there is no rational number whose square is 2, Sol. (i) AC = Set of those elements of U, which are not in
\ the given set is an empty set. A = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.
(v) Since any two parallel lines have no common point, (ii) BC = Set of those elements of U, which are not in
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
\ the given set is an empty set.
(iii) (AC)C = Set of those elements of U, which are not in
Example – 7 A’ = {1, 2, 3, 4} = A.
Find the pairs of equal sets from the following sets, if any, (iv) A È B = {1, 2, 3, 4} È {2, 4, 6, 8} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}.
giving reasons : C
\ AÈB = Set of those elements of U, which are not in
A = {0}, B = {x : x > 15 and x < 5},
C = {x : x – 5 = 0}, D = {x : x2 = 25}, A È B = {5, 7, 9}.
Are the following pairs of sets equal ? Give reasons. (iii) A È B È C (iv) B È C È D
(i) A = {1, 2}, B = {x : x is a solution of x2 + 3x + 2 = 0} (b) (i) A Ç B (ii) B Ç D (iii) A Ç B Ç C.
(ii) A = {x : x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}, Sol. (a) (i) A È B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} È {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B = {y : y is a letter in the word WOLF}. = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
Sol. (i) A = {1, 2}, B = {–2, –1} (ii) B È D = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} È {7, 8, 9, 10}
[Q x + 3x + 2 = 0 Þ (x + 2) (x + 1) = 0 Þ x = –2, —1]
2
= {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.
Clearly A ¹ B. (iii) A È B È C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} È {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} È {6, 7, 8, 9}.
(ii) A = {F, O, L, L, O, W} = {F, O, L, W} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} È {6, 7, 8, 9} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.
B = {W, O, L, F} = {F, O, L, W}.
(iv) B È C È D = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} È {6, 7, 8, 9} È {7, 8, 9, 10}.
Clearly A = B.
= {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} È {7, 8, 9, 10} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.
Example – 9
(b) (i) A Ç B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Ç {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {3, 4, 5}.
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, (ii) B Ç D = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} Ç {7, 8, 9, 10} = {7}.
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}. Find :
(iii) A Ç B Ç C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Ç {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} Ç {6, 7, 8, 9}
(i) AC (ii) BC (iii) (AC)C (iv) (A È B)C = {3, 4, 5} Ç {6, 7, 8, 9} = f.
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 22
Example – 12 Example – 15
If A1 = {2, 3, 4, 5}, A2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}, A3 = {4, 5, 6, 7}, find Prove the following :
È Ai and Ç Ai, where i = {1, 2, 3}. A Ì B Û Bc Ì Ac
Sol. (i) È A i = A 1 È A 2 È A 3 = {2, 3, 4, 5} È {3, 4, 5, 6} È Sol. Let x Î Bc, where x is arbitrary.
{4, 5, 6, 7} Now x Î Bc
= {2, 3, 4, 5} È {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Þ xÏB
{4, 5, 6, 7} Þ x Î Ac
Þ x Î A Ç B (Q A Ç C = A Ç B )
From (4) and (5), A È B Ç C = A È B Ç A È C , which
Thus x Î B
verifies the result.
Again suppose x Ï A Þ x Î C È A
Example – 20
Þ xÎBÈ AÞ xÎB
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and
Thus in both cases x Î C Þ x Î B
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that
Hence C Í B ..( i )
C C
(i) A È B = A C Ç BC (ii) A Ç B = A C È BC .
Similarly we can show that B Í C ...(ii )
Combining (i) and (ii) we get B = C. Sol. We have, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {2, 3, 5, 7}.
If A and B are any two sets, prove using Venn Diagrams \ = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
C
(i) A – B = A Ç BC (ii) (A – B) È B = A È B. \ AÈB = {1, 9} ...(1)
Sol.
Also AC = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
and BC = {1, 4, 6, 8, 9}
(i)
\ A C Ç BC = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} Ç {1, 4, 6, 8, 9}
= {1, 9} ...(2)
C
From (1) and (2), A È B = A C Ç BC , which verifies the
(ii)
result.
C
Example – 19 \ AÇB = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} ...(3)
Example – 24
Let the sets, T, C and M are the students who drink tea, ì æ 7ö ü
coffee and milk respectively. This problem can be solved by Sol. R = í 8, -3 , ç 9, - ÷ , 10, -2 ý
î è 3ø þ
Venn diagram.
By taking x = 4, 5,6
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 25
ì 7 ü Find the set of values of 'x' for which the given conditions
range = í-3, - , - 2 ý
î 3 þ are true :
(a) – (x – 1) (x – 3) (x + 5) < 0
Example – 27
x -1 x-2
(b) £0
Let A = {1, 2}. List all the relations on A. x -3
Sol. Given A = {1, 2}
Ans. (a) –5, 1 È 3, ¥ (b) – ¥, 1 È 2, 3
A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
Since a relation R from set A to set A is a subset of A × A Sol. (a) - ( x - 1)( x - 3)( x + 5) < 0
f, {(1, 1)}, {(1, 2)}, {(2, 1)}, {(2, 2)}, {(1, 1), (1, 2)},
{(1, 1), (2, 1)}, {(1, 1), (2, 2)}, {(1, 2), (2, 1)}, {(1, 2),
(2, 2)}, {(2, 1), (2, 2)}, {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)}, {(1, 1),
(1, 2), (2, 2)}, {(1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2)}, {(1, 2), (2, 1), Þ x Î (-5,1) È (3, ¥ )
(2, 2)}, {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}.
( x - 1)( x - 2)
Since n(A × A) = 4, the number of all relations on the set (b) £0
( x - 3)
4
A = 2 i.e., 16.
n
(As number of subsets of a set with n elements is 2 )
Example – 28
x Î -¥,1 È 2,3
The solution set of x2 + 2 < 3x < 2x2 – 5 is
Example – 30
(a) f (b) [1, 2]
(c) (– ¥, – 1) È [5/2, ¥) (d) none
x+2 1
The number of integral solutions of > is
Ans. (a) x2 + 1 2
x+2 1
x 2 - 3x + 2 £ 0 and 2 x 2 - 3 x - 5 ³ 0 Sol. >
x2 + 1 2
é5 ö x2 - 2x - 3 < 0
Þ x Î [1, 2] and x Î -¥, -1 È ê , ¥ ÷
ë2 ø Þ ( x - 3)( x + 1) < 0
Þ x Îf Þ x Î (-1,3)
Number of integer values = 3
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 26
ìæ 1 ö ü 2y-1
(ii) Let f x = íç x, 2 ÷ : x Î R, x = ± 1ý Þ -1£ £1 (since, –1 £ sin 3x £ 1)
îè 1 - x ø þ y
1 2 2y - 1
Clearly, f x = 2
is not defined when 1 – x = 0 -1 £ £1
1- x y
i.e., when x = ± 1
2y - 1 2y - 1
\ Domain = R – {1, –1} +1 ³ 0 Ç -1 £ 0
y y
1
Further, y = Since x ¹ ±1
1- x2 3y - 1 y -1
³0Ç £0
y y
1 æ 1ö y -1
Þ 1- x2 = Þ x = ± ç1- ÷ = ± 1
y è yø y Þ y³ Ç y £1
3
\ x is defined when y Î (–¥, 0) È [1, ¥).
Þ y Î (–¥, 0) È [1, ¥) é1 ù
Þ Range : y Î ê , 1ú ¬
\ Range = (–¥, 0) È [1, ¥).
ë3 û
Alternate Method :
Example – 36
1
Find the range of the following function : y=
2 - sin 3x
f x = ln x 2 + 4x + 5 we know, –1 £ sin 3x £ 1
Þ 1 ³ –sin 3x ³ – 1
2
Sol. Here f (x) = 1n x 2 + 4x + 5 = 1n x+2 +1 Þ 1 £ 2 – sin 3x £ 3
i.e. x2 + 4x + 5 takes all values in [1, ¥) 1 æ 1 ö 1
Þ ³ ³
Þ f (x) will take all values in [0, ¥). 1 çè 2 - sin3x ÷ø 3
Hence range of f (x) is [0, ¥).
é1 ù
Example – 37 Þ Range y Î ê , 1ú
ë3 û
Note : (sin 3x) can be seperated & written as a function of y \ f + g = f(x) + g(x) = (x + 1) + (2x – 3)
= 3x – 2
1
Þ 2 – sin 3x = y f – g = f (x) – g(x) = (x + 1) – (2x – 3)
= x + 1 – 2x + 3 = –x + 4
2y - 1 f f x x +1 3
Þ sin 3x = = = ;x¹
y g g x 2x - 3 2
for x to be real
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 28
Thus from (a) and (b), we have; Using, | f (x)| + |g(x)| = |f (x) + g(x)|
i.e. f (x) . g(x) ³ 0
x Î –3, – 2 È –1, ¥ È –5, – 3
x x2
Þ .x ³ 0 Þ ³0
Þ x Î –5, – 2 È –1, ¥ x -1 x -1
Example – 43
æ 2 ö æ 2 ö Þ x Î {0} È (1, ¥)
(a) ç - , 4 ÷ (b) ç - , ¥ ÷
è 3 ø è 3 ø
Example – 46
(c) (0, 1) (d) None of these
Sol. Squaring both sides, we get If y =3[x] +1 =2[x – 3] +5, then find the value of
2 2 [x + y], where [.] represents greatest integer function.
|x + 3| > |2x – 1|
Sol. We are given that 3[x] + 1 = 2([x] – 3) + 5
or {(x + 3) – (2x – 1)} {(x + 3) + (2x – 1)} > 0
Þ [x] = –2
Þ {(–x + 4) (3x + 2)} > 0
Þ y = 3(–2) + 1 = –5
Hence [x + y] = [x] + y = – 2 – 5 = – 7
Example – 47
æ 2 ö
Þ x Î ç - , 4÷
è 3 ø Solve the equation |2x – 1| = 3[x] + 2{x} for x.
Hence, (a) is the correct answer. where [.] represents greatest integer function and {}
represents fraction part function.
Example – 44
1
Sol. Case I : For x < , |2x – 1| = 1 – 2x
Solve for x 2
|x| + |x + 4| = 4 Þ 1 – 2x = 3[x] + 2{x}.
Sol. |x| + |x + 4| = 4 Þ 1 – 2x = 3(x – {x}) + 2{x} .
As we know, |x| + |y| = |x – y|, iff xy £ 0 Þ {x} = 5x –1.
x(x + 4) £ 0 Now 0 £ {x} < 1
Using number line rule, Þ 0 £ 5x – 1 < 1.
1 2
Þ £x< Þ [x] = 0
5 5
Þ x Î [–4, 0]
Þ x = {x} Þ x = 5x – 1
Example – 45
1
Þ x= , which is a solution.
x x2 4
Solve x - 1 + x = x - 1
1
Case II : For x ³ , |2x – 1| = 2x – 1
2
x
Sol. Let f x = and g(x) = x Þ 2x – 1 = 3[x] + 2{x}.
x -1
Þ 2x – 1 = 3(x – {x}) + 2{x}.
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 30
{x} = x + 1 Example – 50
Now 0 £ {x} < 1
Find the domain of the function;
Þ 0 £ x + 1 < 1.Þ –1 £ x < 0.
1 1
. f x = + x+2
which is not possible since x ³ log10 1 – x
2
1
Hence x = is the only solution. 1
4 Sol. f x = + x+2
log10 1 – x
Example – 48
{as we know; loga x is defined when x and a > 0 and a ¹ 1
For a real number x, [x] denotes the integral part of x. The also loga 1 = 0}
value of
Thus, log10 (1 – x) exists when, 1 – x > 0 ...(i)
é1ù é1 1 ù é1 2 ù é 1 99 ù
êë 2 úû + êë 2 + 100 úû + êë 2 + 100 úû + .... + êë 2 + 100 úû is 1
also exists when, 1 – x > 0
log10 1 – x
(a) 49 (b) 50
(c) 48 (d) 51 and 1–x¹1 ...(ii)
Ans. (b) Þ x<1 and x ¹ 0 ...(iii)
é 1 50 ù é 1 99 ù 1
Thus, f x = + x + 2 exists when (iii) and (iv)
ê 2 + 100 ú + ........ ê 2 + 100 ú log10 1 – x
ë14444 û 4244444 ë 3û
each has value=1
both holds true.
= 50 Þ –2 £ x < 1 and x ¹ 0
Example – 49
Þ x Î –2, 0 È 0 , 1
Find the domain of definition of the following
function : f x = log 1 2x – 3
2
3
Þ x> . ....(2)
2
Combining (1) and (2) we get the required values of x.
3
Hence the domain of definition of f(x) is the set æç , 2ùú
è2 û
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 31
6. If Y È {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}, then 13. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers
defined by
(a) The smallest set of Y is {3, 5, 9}
(b) The smallest set of Y is {2, 3, 5, 9} ì n -1
ïï 2 , when n is odd
(c) The largest set of Y is {1, 2, 3, 5} f n =í is
ï - n , when n is even
(d) The largest set of Y is {2, 3, 5, 9} ïî 2
7. Given the sets A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, then
b
A È BÇ C g is
(a) onto but not one-one
(b) one-one and onto both
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (b) {1, 2, 4, 5} (c) neither one-one nor onto
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4} (d) {3} (d) one-one but not onto
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 32
Domain of a function
1
23. Solution of x + < 4 is
x
1 2 1
14. Find the domain of f (x)= +x +
x -5 x+7
(a) 2 - 3, 2 + 3 È -2 - 3, - 2 + 3
(a) x Î [–7, 5] (b) x Î (5, ¥)
(c) x Î (–¥, 7) (d) none of these (b) R - 2 - 3, 2 + 3
x x+2
5x + 2 < 3x + 8 and < 4 is
32. Range of the function f x = is x -1
1+ x2
(a) (–¥, ¥) (b) [–1, 1] (a) -¥,1 (b) (2, 3)
(a) (–d, –c] (b) (–d, –c) (c) f (x) = cos x + sin x
(c) R (d) f (d) None of these
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 34
48. The graph of the function y = f (x) is symmetrical about the 55. In a city 20% of the population travels by car, 50% travels
line x = 2, then by bus and 10% travels by both car and bus. Then,
(a) f (x) = f (– x) (b) f (2 + x) = f (2 – x) percentage of persons travelling by car or bus is
(c) f (x + 2) = f (x – 2) (d) f (x) = – f (– x) 56. X and Y are two sets such that n (X) = 17, n(Y) = 23,
n( X È Y) = 38 then n ( X Ç Y) is
49. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b}, then A × B is given by
57. If S and T are two sets such that S has 21 elements, T has 32
(a) {(1, a), (2, b), (3, b)}
elements, and S Ç T has 11 elements, then number of
(b) {(1, b), (2, a)}
elements S È T has
(c) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}
58. In a committee 50 people speak French, 20 speak Spanish
(d) {(1, a), (2, a), (2, b), (3, b)} and 10 speak both Spanish and French. The number of
æ 3 ö
persons speaking at least one of these two languages is
ç1 – x ÷
50. Solve for x : 3
x2 – 2 æ 1 öè 2 ø
59. In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 people who can
<ç ÷
è3ø speak Hindi and 400 who can speak English .Then number
of persons who can speak Hindi only is
(a) – 2, –1 (b) – 2, 2 60. In a statistical investigation of 1,003 families of Calcutta, it
was found that 63families had neither a radio nor a T.V, 794
(c) – 2, – 2 (d) None of these families had a radio and 187 had a T.V. The number of families
in that group having both a radio and a T.V is
51. The largest interval among the following for which 61. If A has 3 elements and B has 6 elements, then the minimum
x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 > 0 is number of elements in the set A È B is
(a) – 4 < x < 0 (b) 0 < x < 1
(c) – 100 < x < 100 (d) –¥ < x < ¥ x -1
62. If the value for which ³ 2 is [–k, 0), then the value
2 x
52. If f (x) = x – 3x + 1 and f (2a) = 2f (a), then a is equal to
of k is
1 1
(a) (b) - 3- x
2 2 63. If the domain of the function f x = log10 is (a, b]
x
1 1 then a + 2b equals
(c) or - (d) none of these
2 2 64. The number of real solutions of
53. If A = {x : x = 4n + 1, 2 £ n £ 5}, nÎN then number of subsets 65. The number of real solutions of the equation ex = x is
of A is
54. A relation on the set A = {x : |x| < 3, x Î Z}, where Z is the set
of integers is defined by R = {(x, y) : y = |x|, x ¹ + 1}. Then
the number of elements in the power set of R is:
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 35
(d) 1, 2 È 2, ¥
ì n +1
ïï 2 if n is odd
4. Two newspapers A and B are published in city. It is known f n =í
that 25% of the city population reads A and 20% reads B ï n if n is even
ïî 2
while 8% reads both A and B. Further, 30% of those who
read A but not B look into advertisements and 40% of
n
those who read B but not A also look into advertisements, and g n = n - -1 . Then fog is:
while 50% of those who read both A and B look into (10-01-2019/Shift-2)
advertisements. Then the percentage of the population (a) onto but not one-one
who look into advertisements is: (9-04-2019/Shift-2) (b) one-one but not onto
(a) 13.9 (b) 12.8 (c) both one-one and onto
(c) 13 (d) 13.5 (d) neither one-one nor onto
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 36
é 1 1ù (a) 37 (b) 29
(a) ê- , ú (b) R - -1,1
êë 2 2 úû
(c) 65 (d) 55
(16-03-2021/Shift-1) (26-08-2021/Shift-1)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (a) 80, 83, 86, 89 (b) 79, 81, 83, 85
(c) 2 (d) 4
(c) 84, 87, 90, 93 (d) 84, 86, 88, 90
22. In a school, there are three types of games to be played.
Some of the students play two types of games, but none 25. If A = x Î R : x – 2 > 1 , B = x Î R : x2 – 3 > 1 ,
play all the three games. Which Venn diagrams can justify
the above statement ?
C = x Î R : x – 4 ³ 2 and Z is the set of all integers,
c
then the number of subsets of the set A Ç B Ç C Ç Z
is _______. (27-08-2021/Shift-1)
(17-03-2021/Shift-1)
(a) P and R (b) None of these
(c) Q and R (d) P and Q
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 38
(b) [–1, 1]
(c) -¥, 0 È 8 , ¥ (d) none
5 æ 1ù é 1 ö
(c) ç -¥ , - ú È ê , ¥÷
è 2 û ë 2 ø
2. The graph of a real-valued function f (x) is the following.
The function is
é 1 ù
(d) ê , 1ú
ë 2 û
(c) -¥, -1 - 5 / 2 È 5 - 1 / 2, ¥
(b) 0, ¥
(d) 5 - 1 / 2, 1ù æ1 ö
û (c) ç , log 2 2 -1 ÷
è2 ø
1 x 2 - 2x + 4 9.32x + 6.3x + 4
4. If for x Î R, £ 2 £ 3, then (d) -¥, log 2 2 - 1 ù È ½, ¥
3 x + 2x + 4 9.32x - 6.3x + 4 û
lies b/w 10. If f (x) = cos [p]x + cos [px], where [y] is the greatest integer
function of y then f (p/2) is equal to
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1/3 and 3
(a) cos 3 (b) 0
(c) 0 and 4 (d) none of these
(c) cos 4 (d) none of these
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 39
é3 ö é3 ö
(a) ê , + ¥ ÷ (b) ê , 2 ÷ È (2, + ¥) 33. The range of the function x – 6 + 12 – x is an interval
ë 2 ø ë2 ø
36. Assertion : The domain of a function y = f (x) will be all 39. Column–I Column–II
reals if for every real x there exist real y. (A) f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) (P) log3 x
Reason : The range of a function y = f (x) will be all (B) f (xy) = f (x) + f (y) (Q) tan–1 x
reals if for every real y there exists a real x (C) f (x + y) = f (x) . f (y) (R) 3x
such that f (x) = y.
(a) A (b) B æx+yö
(D) f (x) + f (y) = f ç ÷ (S) 3x
è 1 – xy ø
(c) C (d) D
37. Assertion : Let A and B be two sets each with a finite The Correct Matching is :
number of elements. Assume that there is an (a) (A–P); (B–R); (C–S); (D–Q)
injective mapping from A to B and that there (b) (A–R); (B–P); (C–S); (D–Q)
is an injective mapping from B to A. Then (c) (A–Q); (B–S); (C–P); (D–R)
there is a bijective mapping from A to B.
(d) (A–R); (B–S); (C–Q); (D–P)
Reason : An onto function is not necessarily one-one.
Using the following passage, solve Q.40 to Q.42
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D Passage
1+ x 1 1
(C) neither even nor odd (R) x log (a) R – ìí– üý (b) R – ìí – üý
1– x î 2þ î 3þ
ì3ü
2x / 2 (c) R – í ý (d) R
(S) î2þ
1+ 2x / 2
Text
2x 2 + 5x + 2
42. The range of the rational function f (x) =
2x + 1 43. Find all real numbers x which satisfy the equation,
must be
2 log2 log2 x + log1/2 log2 2 2 x = 1.
(a) R – {0} (b) R – {–2}
44. Find the values of x satisfying the equation
ì 2ü ì3ü
(c) R – í0, – 2, ý (d) R – í ý A 7 2
|x – 1| = (x – 1) where A = log3x – 2 logx 9.
î 3þ î2þ
45. Find all real numbers x which satisfy the equation,
2 2 –1
log3/4 log8 (x + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (x + 7) = –2.
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION 43
1. Number of solutions of log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) is The question has two columns. Four options are given
(2001) representing matching of elements from Column-I and
(a) 3 (b) 1 Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
(c) 2 (d) 0 to a correct matching. For question, choose the option
corresponding to the correct matching.
x
2. If f : [0, ¥) ® [0, ¥) and f (x) = , then f is (2003) Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with
1+ x
statement in Column II.
(a) one-one and onto
(b) one-one but not onto x 2 - 6x + 5
5. Let f (x) =
x 2 - 5x + 6
(c) onto but not one-one
(d) neither one-one nor onto Column I Column II
(A) If –1 < x < 1, then f (x) (P) 0 < f (x) < 1
2
3. Range of the function f (x) = x + x + 2 ; x Î R is satisfies
x2 + x +1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, then f (x) (Q) f (x) < 0
(2003)
satisfies
(a) (1, ¥) (b) (1, 11/7)
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) (R) f (x) > 0
(c) (1, 7/3] (d) (1, 7/5)
satisfies
4. The function f : [0, 3] ® [1, 29], defined by
(D) If x > 5, then f(x) (S) f (x) < 1
f (x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1, is (2012)
satisfies (2007)
(a) one-one and onto
The Correct Matching is
(b) onto but not one-one
(a) (A–P; B–Q; C–Q; D–P)
(c) one-one but not onto
(b) (A–Q; B–P; C–Q; D–P)
(d) neither one-one nor onto
(c) (A–P; B–P; C–Q; D–Q)
(d) (A–Q; B–Q; C–P; D–P)
Answer Key
CHAPTER -5 SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d) 6. (d) 7. (38) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d)
16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c) 16. (28) 17. (29) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (5)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (d) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (832) 24. (b) 25. (256)
26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (c)
36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (d) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (c)
46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (d)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (16) 54. (16) 55. (60)
56. (2) 57. (42) 58. (60) 59. (600) 60. (41)
61. (6) 62. (1) 63. (3) 64. (1) 65. (0)
ANSWER KEY 165
CHAPTER -5 SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTION
EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b)
16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c)
26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b,c) 29. (a,b,d) 30. (b,c)
35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b)
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