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    AES Step by Step

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    swathitalk2u
    AES

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    AES Step by Step

    Uploaded by

    swathitalk2u
    14 views22 pages
    AES

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    AES Step by step

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    AES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views22 pages

    AES Step by Step

    Uploaded by

    swathitalk2u
    AES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    AES Steps

    Step By Step

    we have des aes blowfish idea ide algorithm and rc5 algorithm

    and so, on right

    so here in this Session we are going to learn about aes

    High level dia


    Detailed dia steps
    State Array
    Now we have to learn Key Array
    Above is expanded one

    Lets see work flow


    For each and every round 4 words

    Decryption

    Pl

    Cipher Text
    The above dia is for decryption process

    1st one is Substitute Bytes

    2nd one is Shift rows (LCS)

    3rd one is Mix columns ---this one u don’t have in 10 th round

    4th one Add Round Key

    Useally what we will perform in Add round key means you will be performing XOR operation
    between the plain text and key

    In encryption XOR operation perfoms between plain text and key

    In decryption th XOR operation perfoms between key and cipher text

    Chat GPT ….AES


    Sure! Here’s a simple explanation of the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm:

    Overall Concept of AES

    1. Purpose: AES is a way to securely encrypt data, meaning it transforms readable information
    (plaintext) into unreadable information (ciphertext) so that only authorized users can read it.

    2. Block Size: AES works with fixed-size blocks of data, specifically 128 bits (or 16 bytes) at a
    time.

    3. Key Sizes: It uses different key lengths for encryption:

    o 128 bits

    o 192 bits

    o 256 bits

    The longer the key, the more secure the encryption.

    Steps of the AES Algorithm

    1. Key Expansion: The encryption key is expanded into multiple round keys, which will be used
    in various steps throughout the process.

    2. Initial Round:

    o AddRoundKey: The first step combines the plaintext with the first round key using a
    bitwise XOR operation.

    3. Main Rounds (these steps are repeated several times):

    o SubBytes: Each byte of the state (the data being processed) is replaced with another
    byte using a substitution table (S-box).

    o ShiftRows: The rows of the state are shifted to the left by varying amounts.

    o MixColumns: The columns of the state are mixed together to enhance diffusion
    (spreading the data).

    o AddRoundKey: The current state is combined with the next round key.

    4. Final Round: The last round is similar, but it skips the MixColumns step. It consists of:

    o SubBytes

    o ShiftRows

    o AddRoundKey

    Result

    After all the rounds are complete, the final output is the ciphertext, which is a scrambled version of
    the original plaintext. Only someone with the correct key can reverse the process to get back the
    original data.
    Decryption

    Decryption in AES is the reverse of encryption. It uses the same steps but in the opposite order and
    with the round keys applied in reverse.

    Summary

    In simple terms, AES is like a secure lock that transforms your data into a form that can’t be easily
    read by anyone without the right key. It ensures that your sensitive information stays safe from
    unauthorized acces

    mam in the function (F) the output of sbox 1 and s box 2 will be added and the resulting output will
    be xor with the output of Sbox 3 . at last the output of this xoer operation will be added with the
    output of sbox 4 which will finally give us the 32 bits output(y).

    You missed how to initialize the the p-array and Elements of S-box in the first place. We have to
    initialize the them by the fractional part of pi (π) in hexadecimal number system.

    DOUBT:Sister if 8 bit is xored with 8 bit then result would be of length 8 but.. After performing for
    operations 3 times on total 32 bits which divided into 4 8 bits the result would be of 8 bit length. Am
    I right?! Or wrong

    Blow fish step by step


    Agagin

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