Scribd
Upload
27 views

Module 34 Academic Script

Uploaded by

Koushik Mondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views

Module 34 Academic Script

Uploaded by

Koushik Mondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

1 TRANSFERRED MAPPING FROM MAPPED ELEMENT TO PARENT ELEMENT

IN TWO DIMENSION

Finite Element Methods

Module 34

Part 1:

In the last class, we have defined the shape functions for the middle nodes of eight noded
serendipity elements. Next we have defined various types of isoparametric elements and
discussed in detail for every types of elements. Finally we have discussed about the
concept of mapping in isoparametric element.

1 Transferred mapping from mapped element to parent

element in two dimension

Next, 4 noded quadrilateral element can be replaced by 4 noded rectangular element in


natural coordinate system. Similarly if we discretized the structure 8 noded rectangular
element with curved edges. With this element it is not possible to represent the displace-
ment variation of curved edges. Therefore these element is replaced in mathematical
formulation by 8 noded rectangular element with the straight lines in natural coordinate
system.

Therefore we discretize the structure by using mapped elements and do the mathe-
matical formulation by using parent elements. For example in Fig.1, the left side is a
quadrilateral element which is isoparametric and used to discretized the domain.

1
2 TRANSFERRED MAPPING IN THREE DIMENSIONAL CASE

Fig.1

But we transfer the quadrilateral element to 4 noded rectangular element in natural


coordinate system. This is called as transfer mapping from the mapped element to parent
element.

2 Transferred mapping in three dimensional case

In this case we can see that, the first picture (Fig.2) is an element quadrilateral in 3D which
is replaced by straight edges. Similarly the second picture is an element curved edges in
3D which is replaced by straight edges.

2
3 TYPES OF ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENTS

Fig.2

Therefore we are transferring the mapped element into parent element only for the
purpose of simplicity of mathematical formulation. Because considering the curved edges
it is difficult to imagine the displacement polynomial for the element, and that’s why the
curved element is replaced with the straight element which are called as parent element.

Part 2:

3 Types of isoparametric elements

There are three subclasses in isoparametric elements.

1. Isoparametric elements

2. Sub-parametric elements

3. Super-parametric elements

3.1 Isoparametric elements

If the same number of nodes are used to define geometry as well as displacements, the
element is called as isoparametric elements, e.g., Consider the three noded bar element
(Fig.3).

Fig.3

3
3.2 Sub-parametric elements 3 TYPES OF ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENTS

So if we want to define the geometry we need to introduce the Cartesian coordinate of the
three noded bar element and for defining displacements we need to assume the displace-
ments.

Let x 1 , x 2 , x 3 be the Cartesian coordinates at three nodes and u1 , u2 , u3 be the


displacements at three nodes. Also assume that N1 , N2 , N3 are the shape functions at
three nodes.
Geometry:
x = N1 x 1 + N2 x 2 + N3 x 3

Displacements:
u = N1u1 + N2u2 + N3u3

So, same number of nodes are used to represent the geometry as well as displacement.
Here 3 nodes are used to represent geometry as well as displacement. Therefore, this is
called isoparametric element.

3.2 Sub-parametric elements

If the elements in which less number of nodes are used to define geometry compared to
the number of nodes used to define displacements, the element is called as sub-parametric
element. For example, consider the same three noded bar element (Fig.3).
Geometry:
x = N1 x 1 + N2 x 2

Displacements:
u = N1u1 + N2u2 + N3u3

Note that, only two nodes are used to represent the geometry, whereas there nodes are
used to represent the displacements. Hence this is called sub-parametric element.

4
3.3 Super-parametric elements 4 EXAMPLE OF RECTANGULAR ELEMENT IN 2D

Part 3:

3.3 Super-parametric elements

If the elements in which less number of nodes are used to define displacements compared
to the number of nodes used to define geometry, the element is called as super-parametric
elements. For example, consider the same three noded bar element (Fig.3).
Geometry:
x = N1 x 1 + N2 x 2 + N3 x 3

Displacements:
u = N1u1 + N2u2

Note that, three nodes are used to represent the geometry, whereas only two nodes are
used to represent the displacements. Hence this is called super-parametric element.

4 Example of rectangular element in 2D

Here we consider rectangular element (Fig.4). The ‘box’ denotes that nodes are used to
represent geometry and the ‘solid circle’ denotes that nodes used to represent displacement.

Fig.4

5
4 EXAMPLE OF RECTANGULAR ELEMENT IN 2D

For the first figure (left), 8 nodes are used to define geometry as well as displacement.
Hence this is isoparametric element. For the second figure (middle), 4 nodes are used to
define geometry and 8 nodes are used to define displacement, hence this is sub-parametric
element.
For the third figure (right), 8 nodes are used to define geometry and 4 nodes are used
to define displacement, hence this is super-parametric element.

You might also like