EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

1. a) Write a C program to perform the arithmetic operations on two integer

numbers.

void main() {
int num1, num2;
int sum, difference, product, quotient, remainder;
clrscr();

printf("Enter two integers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

sum = num1 + num2;

difference = num1 - num2;
product = num1 * num2;
quotient = num1 / num2;
remainder = num1 % num2;

printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

printf("Difference: %d\n", difference);
printf("Product: %d\n", product);
printf("Quotient: %d\n", quotient);
printf("Remainder: %d\n", remainder);

getch();
}

b) Write a program to evaluate the following expressions by reading the necessary

values from the keyboard.
i. (ax + b)/(ax – b) ii. 2.5 log x + Cos 320+ | x2+ y2|
iii. ax5 + bx3 + c iv. aekt

#include <math.h>

void main() {
double a, b, x, y, k, t;
double expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4;

printf("Enter values for a, b, x, y, k, t: ");

scanf("%lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &a, &b, &x, &y, &k, &t);

expr1 = (a * x + b) / (a * x - b);
expr2 = 2.5 * log(x) + cos(320 * M_PI / 180) + fabs(pow(x, 2) + pow(y, 2));
expr3 = a * pow(x, 5) + b * pow(x, 3) + k;
expr4 = a * exp(k * t);

printf("Result of (ax + b)/(ax – b): %lf\n", expr1);

printf("Result of 2.5 log x + Cos 320+ | x2+ y2|: %lf\n", expr2);
printf("Result of ax5 + bx3 + c: %lf\n", expr3);
printf("Result of aekt: %lf\n", expr4);
}
2. a) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

void main() {
double a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2, realPart, imaginaryPart;
printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &a, &b, &c);

discriminant = b*b - 4*a*c;

if (discriminant > 0) {
root1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);
printf("Roots are real and different.\n");
printf("Root 1 = %.2lf\n", root1);
printf("Root 2 = %.2lf\n", root2);
} else if (discriminant == 0) {
root1 = -b / (2*a);
printf("Roots are real and the same.\n");
printf("Root 1 = Root 2 = %.2lf\n", root1);
} else {
realPart = -b / (2*a);
imaginaryPart = sqrt(-discriminant) / (2*a);
printf("Roots are complex and different.\n");
printf("Root 1 = %.2lf + %.2lfi\n", realPart, imaginaryPart);
printf("Root 2 = %.2lf - %.2lfi\n", realPart, imaginaryPart);
}
}
b) In a town, the percentage of men is 52. The percentage of total literacy is 48 and
the total percentage of literate men is 35 of the total population. Write a C
program to find the total number of illiterate men and women if the population
of the town is 7000.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int total_population = 7000;
int total_men = (52 * total_population) / 100;
int total_literacy = (48 * total_population) / 100;
int literate_men = (35 * total_population) / 100;
int illiterate_men = total_men - literate_men;
int illiterate_women = total_population - total_men - (total_literacy -
literate_men);

printf("Total illiterate men: %d\n", illiterate_men);

 printf("Total illiterate women: %d\n", illiterate_women);

return 0;
}

3. a) Write a C Program to compute an electricity bill based on the following slab

rates.
Consumption units Rate (in Rupees/unit)
0-100 4.0
101-150 4.6
151-200 5.2
201-300 6.3
Above 300 8.0
(Hint: Take current and old meter readings from the user to get consumption
units)

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int old_reading, new_reading, units_consumed;
double bill_amount;

printf("Enter old meter reading: ");

scanf("%d", &old_reading);
printf("Enter new meter reading: ");
scanf("%d", &new_reading);

units_consumed = new_reading - old_reading;

if (units_consumed <= 100) {

bill_amount = units_consumed * 4.0;
} else if (units_consumed <= 150) {
bill_amount = 100 * 4.0 + (units_consumed - 100) * 4.6;
} else if (units_consumed <= 200) {
bill_amount = 100 * 4.0 + 50 * 4.6 + (units_consumed - 150) * 5.2;
} else if (units_consumed <= 300) {
bill_amount = 100 * 4.0 + 50 * 4.6 + 50 * 5.2 + (units_consumed - 200) *
6.3;
} else {
bill_amount = 100 * 4.0 + 50 * 4.6 + 50 * 5.2 + 100 * 6.3 +
(units_consumed - 300) * 8.0;
}

printf("Electricity Bill: Rs. %.2lf\n", bill_amount);

return 0;
}
b) An insurance company computes the premium amount based on the following;
i. If a person's health is excellent and the person is between 25 and 35 years of
age and lives in a city, and is a male then the premium is Rs.4 per thousand
and the policy amount cannot exceed Rs.2 lakhs.
ii. If a person satisfies all the above conditions and is female then thepremium
is Rs.3 per thousand and the policy amount cannot exceed Rs.1 lakh.
iii. If a person's health is poor and the person is between 25 and 35 years of
age and lives in a village and is a male then premium is Rs.6 per thousand
and the policy cannot exceed Rs. 10000.
iv. In all other cases the person is not insured.
Write a C program to determine whether the person should be insured or
not, his/her premium rate and maximum amount for which he/she can be insured.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char health, gender, location;
int age;
double premium_rate;
double max_policy_amount;

printf("Enter health condition (E for Excellent, P for Poor): ");

scanf(" %c", &health);
printf("Enter gender (M for Male, F for Female): ");
scanf(" %c", &gender);
printf("Enter location (C for City, V for Village): ");
scanf(" %c", &location);
printf("Enter age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);

if (age >= 25 && age <= 35) {

if (health == 'E' && location == 'C') {
if (gender == 'M') {
premium_rate = 4.0;
max_policy_amount = 200000.0;
} else if (gender == 'F') {
premium_rate = 3.0;
max_policy_amount = 100000.0;
} else {
printf("Invalid gender input.\n");
return 1;
}
} else if (health == 'P' && location == 'V' && gender == 'M') {
premium_rate = 6.0;
max_policy_amount = 10000.0;
} else {
printf("Person is not insured.\n");
 return 0;
}

printf("Premium Rate: Rs. %.2lf per thousand\n", premium_rate);

printf("Max Policy Amount: Rs. %.2lf\n", max_policy_amount);
} else {
printf("Person is not insured.\n");
}

return 0;
}

c) Write a C Program to find the grade for a student using a Switch case. The userneeds to
enter a subject score (varies from 0 to 100)and then display the grade as described below

Score Grade Score Grade

> = 90 O >=50 to < 60 D
>=80 to < 90 A >=40 to < 50 E
>=70 to < 80 B < 40 Fail
>=60 to < 70 C

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int score;
char grade;

printf("Enter the score (0-100): ");

scanf("%d", &score);

switch (score / 10) {

case 10:
case 9:
grade = 'O';
break;
case 8:
grade = 'A';
break;
case 7:
grade = 'B';
break;
case 6:
grade = 'C';
break;
case 5:
grade = 'D';
break;
case 4:
grade = 'E';
break;
default:
grade = 'F';
break;
}
 printf("Grade: %c\n", grade);

return 0;
}

4. a) A Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows:

The first and second terms in the sequence are 0 and 1. Sub-sequent terms
are found by adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C program
to generate the first n terms of the sequence.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, i;
int t1 = 0, t2 = 1, nextTerm;

printf("Enter the number of terms: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Fibonacci Sequence: ");

for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", t1);
nextTerm = t1 + t2;
t1 = t2;
t2 = nextTerm;
}

return 0;
}

b) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, sum = 0, remainder;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

while (n != 0) {
remainder = n % 10;
sum += remainder;
n /= 10;
}

printf("Sum of digits: %d\n", sum);

return 0;

}
c) Write a C program to read two numbers x and n, and then compute the sum of
the geometric progression: 1+x+x2+x3+………….+xn. Show appropriate error
message for n<0. (Example: if n is 3 and x is 5, then the sum is: 1+5+25+125)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
int x, n, i;
double sum = 0.0;

printf("Enter the values for x and n: ");

scanf("%d %d", &x, &n);

if (n < 0) {
printf("Error: n must be non-negative.\n");
} else {
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
sum += pow(x, i);
}
printf("Sum of the geometric progression: %.2lf\n", sum);
}

return 0;

d) Write a C program to print the following pattern.

1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1

void main() {
int i, j, n, space;

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

for (space = 1; space <= n - i; space++) {
printf(" ");
}
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", j);
}
for (j = i - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
printf("%d ", j);
}
printf("\n");
}

}
5. a) Write a C program to find both the largest and smallest numbers in a list of
integers.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, i;
int largest, smallest;

printf("Enter the number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d integers: ", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

largest = smallest = arr[0];

for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > largest) {
largest = arr[i];
}
if (arr[i] < smallest) {
smallest = arr[i];
}
}

printf("Largest number: %d\n", largest);

printf("Smallest number: %d\n", smallest);

return 0;

b) Write a C program that uses function to perform the following:

i) Addition of Two Matrices ii) Multiplication of Two Matrices

#include <stdio.h>

void addMatrices(int row, int col, int a[row][col], int b[row][col], int result[row][col]) {
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
result[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}
}
}

void multiplyMatrices(int row1, int col1, int a[row1][col1], int row2, int col2, int
b[row2][col2], int result[row1][col2]) {
for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < col1; k++) {
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
}
}

int main() {
int row1, col1, row2, col2;
printf("Enter rows and columns for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &row1, &col1);
printf("Enter rows and columns for the second matrix: ");
 scanf("%d %d", &row2, &col2);

if (col1 != row2) {
printf("Matrix multiplication not possible.\n");
return 1;
}

int a[row1][col1], b[row2][col2], sum[row1][col1], product[row1][col2];

printf("Enter elements of the first matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col1; j++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}

printf("Enter elements of the second matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < row2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}
}

addMatrices(row1, col1, a, b, sum);

multiplyMatrices(row1, col1, a, row2, col2, b, product);

printf("Sum of matrices:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col1; j++) {
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

printf("Product of matrices:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
printf("%d ", product[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

6. a) Write a C program to insert a sub-string in to a main string at a given position.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char mainStr[100], subStr[50];
int position, lenMain, lenSub;

printf("Enter the main string: ");

gets(mainStr);
printf("Enter the substring to insert: ");
gets(subStr);
printf("Enter the position to insert the substring: ");
scanf("%d", &position);

lenMain = strlen(mainStr);
lenSub = strlen(subStr);

for (int i = lenMain - 1; i >= position - 1; i--) {

 mainStr[i + lenSub] = mainStr[i];
}

for (int i = 0; i < lenSub; i++) {

mainStr[position - 1 + i] = subStr[i];
}

printf("String after insertion: %s\n", mainStr);

return 0;

b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;
int characters = 0, words = 0, lines = 0;
int inWord = 0;

printf("Enter text (Ctrl+D to end):\n");

while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {

characters++;

if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\t') {

inWord = 0;
} else if (inWord == 0) {
inWord = 1;
words++;
}

if (ch == '\n') {
lines++;
}
}

printf("Characters: %d\n", characters);

printf("Words: %d\n", words);
printf("Lines: %d\n", lines);

return 0;

7. a) Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where nis
a value entered by the user. Define a separate function to generate prime
numbers.
#include <stdio.h>

int isPrime(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) return 0;
}
return 1;
}

int main() {
int n;
 printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Prime numbers between 1 and %d are:\n", n);

for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
if (isPrime(i)) {
printf("%d ", i);
}
}

return 0;

b) Write C program that uses recursive function to find the following.

i) Factorial of a given integer ii) GCD of two given integers

i)
#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", num, factorial(num));
return 0;
}

ii)
#include <stdio.h>

int gcd(int a, int b) {

if (b == 0)
return a;
else
return gcd(b, a % b);
}

int main() {
int num1, num2;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);
printf("GCD of %d and %d is %d\n", num1, num2, gcd(num1, num2));
return 0;
}
8. a) Write a C program to print the elements of an array in reverse order using pointers.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

printf("Array in reverse order:\n");

int *ptr = arr + n - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", *ptr);
ptr--;
}

return 0;

b) Write a C program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string using
pointers.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main() {
char str[100];
char *ptr;
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

gets(str);

ptr = str;

while (*ptr != '\0') {

char ch = tolower(*ptr);
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
vowels++;
} else if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')) {
consonants++;
}
ptr++;
}

printf("Vowels: %d\n", vowels);

printf("Consonants: %d\n", consonants);

return 0;

}
 c) Write a C program to store n elements in an array and print the elements in sorted
order using pointers.
#include <stdio.h>

void sortArray(int *arr, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (*(arr + i) > *(arr + j)) {
int temp = *(arr + i);
*(arr + i) = *(arr + j);
*(arr + j) = temp;
}
}
}
}

int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

sortArray(arr, n);

printf("Sorted array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}

return 0;

9. a) Write a C program that performs the following operations:

i. Reading a complex number ii. Writing a complex number
iii. Addition of two complex numbers iv. Multiplication of two complex
numbers
(Note: Represent complex number using a structure.)

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
float real;
float imag;
} Complex;

Complex addComplex(Complex c1, Complex c2) {

Complex result;
result.real = c1.real + c2.real;
result.imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
return result;
}
 Complex multiplyComplex(Complex c1, Complex c2) {
Complex result;
result.real = c1.real * c2.real - c1.imag * c2.imag;
result.imag = c1.real * c2.imag + c1.imag * c2.real;
return result;
}

int main() {
Complex c1, c2, sum, product;

printf("Enter first complex number (real and imaginary): ");

scanf("%f %f", &c1.real, &c1.imag);

printf("Enter second complex number (real and imaginary): ");

scanf("%f %f", &c2.real, &c2.imag);

sum = addComplex(c1, c2);

product = multiplyComplex(c1, c2);

printf("Sum: %.2f + %.2fi\n", sum.real, sum.imag);

printf("Product: %.2f + %.2fi\n", product.real, product.imag);

return 0;
}

b) Define a structure to store employee details include Employee-Number, Employee-

Name, Basic-pay, Date-of-Joining. Write a C program for thefollowing

Employee-Name, Basic-pay, Date-of-Joining. Write a C program for the

following.
i. A function to store 10 employee details.
ii. A function to implement the following rules while revising the basic pay.
If Basic-pay<=Rs.5000 then increase it by 15%.
If Basic-pay> Rs.5000 and <=Rs.25000 then it increase by10%.
If Basic-pay>Rs.25000 then there is no change in Basic-pay.
iii. A function to print the details of employees whohave completed 20 years of
service from the Date-of-Joining.
#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
int empNo;
char name[50];
float basicPay;
int doj[3]; // Date of Joining as [day, month, year]
} Employee;

void storeEmployeeDetails(Employee *emp, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Enter details for employee %d\n", i + 1);
printf("Employee Number: ");
scanf("%d", &emp[i].empNo);
 printf("Employee Name: ");
scanf("%s", emp[i].name);
printf("Basic Pay: ");
scanf("%f", &emp[i].basicPay);
printf("Date of Joining (dd mm yyyy): ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &emp[i].doj[0], &emp[i].doj[1], &emp[i].doj[2]);
}
}

void reviseBasicPay(Employee *emp, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (emp[i].basicPay <= 5000) {
emp[i].basicPay += emp[i].basicPay * 0.15;
} else if (emp[i].basicPay > 5000 && emp[i].basicPay <= 25000) {
emp[i].basicPay += emp[i].basicPay * 0.10;
}
}
}

void printEmployeesWith20YearsService(Employee *emp, int n) {

int currentYear = 2024; // Assuming current year is 2024

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if ((currentYear - emp[i].doj[2]) >= 20) {
printf("\nEmployee Number: %d\n", emp[i].empNo);
printf("Employee Name: %s\n", emp[i].name);
printf("Basic Pay: %.2f\n", emp[i].basicPay);
printf("Date of Joining: %02d-%02d-%04d\n", emp[i].doj[0],
emp[i].doj[1], emp[i].doj[2]);
}
}
}

int main() {
int n = 10;
Employee emp[n];

storeEmployeeDetails(emp, n);
reviseBasicPay(emp, n);
printEmployeesWith20YearsService(emp, n);

return 0;
}
10 a) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters of a given text file.
#include <stdio.h>

void reverseString(char *str, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[n - i - 1];
str[n - i - 1] = temp;
}
}

int main() {
FILE *file;
char filename[100];
int n;

printf("Enter the filename: ");

scanf("%s", filename);
printf("Enter the number of characters to reverse: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

file = fopen(filename, "r+");

if (file == NULL) {
printf("File cannot be opened.\n");
return 1;
}

char buffer[100];
fread(buffer, sizeof(char), n, file);
reverseString(buffer, n);

fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), n, file);

fclose(file);
printf("First %d characters reversed in the file %s.\n", n, filename);

return 0;
}
b) Write a C program to merge two files into a new file.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
FILE *file1, *file2, *file3;
char filename1[100], filename2[100], filename3[100];
char ch;

printf("Enter the first filename: ");

scanf("%s", filename1);
printf("Enter the second filename: ");
scanf("%s", filename2);
printf("Enter the name of the output file: ");
scanf("%s", filename3);

file1 = fopen(filename1, "r");

file2 = fopen(filename2, "r");
file3 = fopen(filename3, "w");

if (file1 == NULL || file2 == NULL || file3 == NULL) {

printf("Error opening files.\n");
return 1;
}

while ((ch = fgetc(file1)) != EOF) {

fputc(ch, file3);
}

while ((ch = fgetc(file2)) != EOF) {

fputc(ch, file3);
}

printf("Files %s and %s merged into %s.\n", filename1, filename2, filename3);

fclose(file1);
fclose(file2);
fclose(file3);

return 0;
}