EXAMPLE NO-2

Dr. P. Dhammika. Dharmaratne

Department of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe.
 ANALYSIS 2D FRAME
15/20 40/10 50/30
20/10
Under this section, you can study 18 KN
2.5 m 1.5 m 2.0 m
1. Variable grids
2. Element connectivity 15 KN 3.0m
15/12 15/12 15/12
3. Frame loads – i. Uniformly distributed
loads(KN/m) 12 KN 5.0m 3.0 m
3.0 m
ii. Point loads ( Vertically and
3.0m
Horizontally) 9 KN
iii. Trapezoidal loads( KN/m) 20/10 18/6 20/10
4. Joints/Nodal loads 6 KN
5. Load combination-Linear add 4.0m
6. Load combination-Envilop
4.0m
3 KN

4.5 m 6.0m 4.0m

2
 STEPS LOAD COMBINATIONS

Step 1 – Unit KN ,m, c ULS - Envelope

Step 2 – Create Grid 1 1.4 gk + 1.6 qk

Step 3 – Define Materials 2 1.4gk + 1.4 Wk

Step 4 – Define section properties 3 1.2gk + 1.2 gk + 1.2 Wk

Step 5 – Draw structure

Step 6 – Assign support SLS - Envelope

Step 7 – Define Load Patterns 1 1.0 gk + 1.0 qk

Step 8 – Assign loads 2 1.0 gk + 1.0 gk + 1.0 Wk

Step 9 – Create load combinations

Beam – 225 x 450 mm
Step 10 – Run the model
Column – 300 x 300 mm

3
STEP 1 / 2 : UNITS AND CREATE GRIDS

Unequal grid
spacing can not
provide

To enter unequal grid spacing

Click right button on the screen >>> Edit Grid Data>>> Modify/ Show system
4
STEP 1 / 2 : UNITS AND CREATE GRIDS
Click right button >>> Edit Grid Data>>> Modify / Show system

5
STEP 3 / 4 : DEFINE MATERIAL AND SECTIONS

6
 Joint connectivity
STEP 5 : DRAW STRUCTURE In finite element analysis, join connectivity is
very important.

Columns Beams

If there is no joint connectivity

1. Analysis output is wrong
2. Can not observe expected behavior/ results

Set Display Option >>> General >>>Shrink

Objects / Joint labels / Frame labels 7
 STEP 6 : ASSIGN SUPPORTS STEP 7 : DEFINE LOAD PATTERN

Assign >>> Joints >>> Restraints Define >>> Load Patterns

In this example, there are 3 loads wind, dead and live

8
STEP 8 : ASSIGN LOADS ( wind loads)
Assign >>> Joint loads >>> Forces

9
 STEP 8 : ASSIGN LOADS ( wind loads) Cont…
Assign >>> Frame loads >>> Frame point loads

1
0
 ASSIGN LIVE LOADS (on beams)
Assign >>> Frame loads >>> Distributed

1
1
ASSIGN DEAD LOADS (on beams) ASSIGN WIND LOADS

12
 CHECK ALL ASSIGN LOADS
Display >>> Show load assign >>> Frames / Joints

Dead Loads Live Loads Wind Loads

Relative Distance : Absolute Distance :

Considering frame length as one Apply load according to correct distance

13
STEP 9 : CREATE LOAD COMBINATION
Define >>> Load combination >>> Add new combination

14
STEP 10 : RUN THE MODEL

Analysis >>> Run analysis >>> Run now

15
 READ THE ANALYSIS OUT PUTS
Following outputs are going to be studied in this section

• Check for warnings / Errors

• Remove warnings / Errors
• Validation of model
• Observe the internal forces – Bending
moments, Shear forces, etc…
• Deflection

WARNINGS
Inadequate Support Conditions

Method-1
Locked the rotation about 1-1 (X) axis

Again run and check

16
 1. Unlock the model
2. Select the nodes at supports
3. Goto: Assign >>> Joints >>>
Restraints
4. Lock the rotation about the X
axis (1-1)
5. Save the model and again run
the model

Now you can see, there is no warning Method-2

1. Unlock the model

2. Analysis >>> Set analysis option
3. Select XZ plane and then OK
4. Save the model and again run the
model
Now you can not see any warning

17
VERY IMPORTANT SENTENCE IN STRUCTURAL MODELLING

Model what you build or build what you model

From SAP – 984.355 KN , Manual Calculation – 984.355 KN
Validation of model
For dead load From SAP 2000
Support reaction ( Only Dead load) = (144.177+355.908+335.221+149.049)
= 984.355 KN

From manual calculation

Beam
Clear length = (4.2+5.7+3.7)
13.6 m

Section = 225 mm x 450 mm

Density = 24 KN/m3
One beam wt. = 33.048 KN

Nos of beams = 3 Nos

Total Wt. = 99.144 KN

Column
Height = 10 m
Section = 300 mm x 300 mm
Density = 24 KN/m3
One Column wt. = 21.6
Nos of columns = 4 Nos
Total Wt. = 86.4 KN

Dead ( Super Imposed)

Beam 1 = (20x4.5+18x4+20x4)
= 242 KN
Beam 2 = 15/2{(3+4.5)+(5+6)+(3+4)}
= 161.811 KN
Beam 3 = 20 x 14.5
= 290 KN
Floating Columns = (15 + 40+ 50)
= 105 KN
Total wt. = 798.811

Final Total = 984.355 KN

18
 Validate the model for wind load View outputs
Better to on local axis
1. Study bending moments for USL1, ULS2, ULS3.
2. Study bending moment envelope for ULS
3. Study the behavior

From SAP 2000

Wind forces as support horizontal reactions = 15.39 + 16.38 + 16.50 + 14.73
= 63 KN
Manual Calculations
total applied wind forces = 18 + 15 + 12 + 9 + 6 + 3
= 63 KN Bending moment Diagram for ULS1
19
Bending moment Diagram [ Envelope] Shear Force Diagram [ULS 1]

20
Display >>> show forces >>> Frames Display >>> Deformation shape (F6)

Shear forces-ULS Deflection –for SLS2

21
 You can see all analysis outputs using tabular
Display >>> show forces >>> Frames format.

Columns axial forces

22
Analysis Outputs

23
24