Unit 1

should / shouldn't must / mustn't have to / don’t have to

(advice) (necessary / prohibition) (obligation)
You should see a Students must come When you travel
doctor. to school on time. abroad, you have to
take your passport.
You shouldn’t waste Students mustn't Drivers don't have to
your time on copy from each other park in this area.
computer games. in exams.
You shouldn’t go to You must bring all You have to leave the
bed late. your documents. city immediately.
You should study hard You mustn't use your You don’t have to eat
before exams. mobile phone in this or drink in public
place. during Ramadan.
Maybe we should go I must go now. Children in Oman
home. have to go to school
at the age of 6
You should stay in You must call me I don’t have to see
bed. tomorrow. the doctor.
We should be very I mustn't arrive late. In Britain, you have to
careful. drive on the left.
have to

must

have to

must

must

have to
 Attributive adjective Predictive adjective
I watched an interesting The film that I watched
film last night. was interesting.
This is a strong car.
I bought a yellow dress. The dress which I bought
is yellow.
I use a smart phone. My phone is smart.
 Unit 2

already yet
I have already eaten my I haven’t eaten my
breakfast. breakfast yet.
She has already prepared the Has she prepared the
lunch. lunch yet?
The mechanic has already He has not fixed the
repaired the brake. computer yet.
I have already called the Have you finished your
emergency. project yet?
The doctor has already Has your father sold his
checked the patient. land yet?
already

yet

yet
already

yet

yet

already

yet
 some any
I have some ideas for you. Do you have any ideas
(little/few) about this question? (not
sure yes or no)
Could I have some of Does she need any new
these sweets please? clothes?
(request)
Can you lend me some There isn't any water in
money? the tank. (negative)
Would you like some I don’t have any money
coffee? (offer) for the picnic.
Similes
He was as brave as a lion.
The baby is as cute as a kitten.
This table is as hard as nails. He was as silent as the dead.
This mango is as sweet as sugar.
The water is as clear as crystal.
He eats like a pig.
Life is like a box of chocolate.
The clouds were like ice-cream castles in the sky.
The river flows like a stream of glass.
I have been working like a dog.
He ran like lightning.
Her eyes shone like diamonds.
like the wind.

as a rose.

as rock.

like black smoke.

as a cheetah.

like a fish.
 watermelon.

a brown sponge.

ice.

a flame.

a rainbow.

lightning.
 bus train boat aeroplane aeroplane

motorbike ship hot air balloon bike car

lorry tuk tuk yacht rocket bus lorry

car roller skates motorbike train

Does a train travel in the sea?

No, it doesn't.

Which transport travels by sea?

It is a ship.

Does a boat have wheels?

No, it doesn't.

Which transport travels by land?

A lorry travels by land.

Does an aeroplane travels by air?

Yes, it does.
To find To find To take care To think about
information in a something about someone what happened
reference somewhere or something in the past
Look up look for look after look back
you just watch what Think about what Turn to look at Read something
is happening without will happen in the something quickly and
taking a part future behind you briefl
look on look ahead look round look through
To visit a person Watch what is To rely on
or a place for a happening and someone or To see someone
short time be careful something or something

look in look out look to look at

removed

collected

increased

completed

travelled

entered

left

discussed
 They have been waiting for the doctor since 7 o'clock.

She has been driving for 5 hours.

He has been fishing for half an hour.

They have been cooking since 10 o'clock.

He has been working for 9 hours.

She has been studying since 6 o'clock.

She has been shopping for 4 hours.

I have been playing rugby.

 have been writing

has been working in the restaurant

have been playing football

He has been driving since this morning.

She has been buying clothes.

He has been playing football.

She has been watching TV all day.

It has been raining all day.

 Yes

Yes

Yes

I have been playing football since I was in grade 5.

They have been living in this city for 5 years.

I have been working in this factory since 2015.

He has been riding horses for 20 years.

Nasir has been driving a school bus for 33 years.

Juana has been teaching since her graduation.

 Salim is going to travel to France next Sunday.

Maybe I will travel to Japan or China next month.

We are going to cook fish for the lunch.

I will cook chicken for the lunch.

I am going to buy a new car tomorrow.

I will buy the green one.

 going to

will

going to

will
will
will

going to
 Personal Pronouns

Subject pronouns Object pronouns

Saif is a fisherman. Yesterday, a fish bit

He catches fish. him in his finger.
Laila is my friend. I gave her a gift
She gave me a gift. yesterday
This is my bike. Yesterday, I carried
It carries heavy things. it to a workshop.
They asked the The teacher asked
the teacher questions. them questions.
I had rabbits. Yesterday, I sold
They were four. them to my friend.
My father gave
I am a good student.
me a nice present.
We like playing Our parents took
basketball. us to the zoo.

I am going to give
You have obesity.
you some medicine.
 who

where

when

what

how

why

which
Where f

Who e
What a
How c
Why b
Which

saw
would
won
would
found would
met
would
caught would

If the rat stepped on the trap, it would catch him.

If I won a lot of money, I would buy a sport car.

If you travelled abroad, you would find a job easily.

If I caught a big tuna fish, I could sell it with 100 OR.

If you drove very fast, the police would give you a traffic violation.

If you ate a lot of junk food, you would become too fat.

If I had a big farm, I would grow different crops.

If I were a teacher, I would teach children for free.

 Types of conditionals

First conditional
If + present simple / will + the infinitive
For certainty

If I study hard, I will pass the exams.

If you wash your dishdasha, it will be clean.

If I find a job, I will help my father.

If I have a driving licence, I will drive my father's car.

Second conditional
If + past simple / would + the infinitive
For dreams

If I went to France, I would buy some perfume for you.

If Sally became a doctor, I would make a party.

If I discovered a medicine for cancer illness, I would be famous.

If I were rich, I would help poor people.

Third conditional
If + past perfect / would + have + past participle
For regret
If I had travelled to UK, I would have seen the Big Ben.

If I had eaten healthy food, I would have been healthy.

If you hadn't driven fast, you would not have crashed the camel.

If you hadn't stolen the bank, you wouldn't have been in prison.

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If only I had taken my umbrella.

I wish I had done my homework.

If only I hadn't stolen the car.

I wish I hadn't visited that place.

Modal verbs certainty – probability - possibility

Auxiliary verbs / All

haveverbs after them are in the infinitive
a purpose
All verbs after them are in the infinitive
present / future
will: sure / confident (The sun will rise tomorrow)
(If you don’t take a coat, you will get cold.)
won't: sure that this will not happen
(If you don’t run, you won't arrive on time.)
Can: sure/ have confident / have a reason
(You didn’t eat anything today. You must be hungry.
should: good chance and likely to happen
(They left Bahrain two hours ago. They should be here now.)
may: it is possible but no guarantee
(I may go to Muscat tomorrow.)

How possible are things in the How possible were things in

present or in the future. the past.
They might arrive before dinner. They might have finished their
homework.
I may need to borrow your bike. I am worried. Something could
have happened to my father.
It could rain this afternoon. They might have finished lunch by
now.
If you wait near that gate, you You are vomiting. You may have
could see the queen. eaten some rotten food.

The large furry body may have been a monkey. past

It could have been the young woman who stole the diamond. past

The creature in the lake might be a dinosaur. present

Stonehenge could have been used like a clock. past

They may solve the mystery. present

If I were trapped in a dark room, I would use my lighter.
If someone was chasing me, I would run faster.
If someone put a poisonous snake in my bed, I would kill
that snake.
If a fast car tried to hit me, I would move out of the street.
If I were lost in a maze, I would try to find my way out.
If I knew who stole the diamonds, I would observe him.
Topic sentence Supporting sentences

Oman is a beautiful country. It has many exiting places

such as wadis, deserts and green wadis. Furthermore,

there are many awesome villages with stunning

scenery.
scenery. For instance, Bilad Seet, Alhooqain and Fanja.

Dogs are important for people. People use dogs to

guard their houses and animals. In addition, the police

use them. For example, dogs can help the police to
discover some mysterious crimes like smuggling drugs,
following some thieves and murders.
saw would
was could

went would

bought might

It might rain tomorrow.

She may buy the dress.
Ali might pass his test.