Reviewer in Computer Programming 1 ● Decision Block - the diamond, it

Bunsua, Kurbin Ross C. BSCS 1E indicates the decision based on the

input.
Algorithm - step by step procedure to solve a ● Process Block - the rectangle, used
problem or achieve a specific goal. for any input/output operations, and
indicates that the computer is to
Programming Algorithm - a finite set of obtain data, and specifies value of
instructions to accomplish a specific task variables
● Connector block - circles, used to
Characteristics of an Algorithm connect the flowchart from one page
● The instruction must be exact step to another
and clear
● There is a finite or end point Computer - a machine that performs a
● The output must have the correct variety of task such as computing and data
output. manipulation. THe physical parts of a
computer are as follow;
Pseudocode ● Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● is a simple way of writing a ● Primary or Random Access Memory
programming code in english (RAM)
● A text-based details ● Secondary Memory
● Artificial and informal language used ● Input and Output Devices
by programmers
Software - programs and instructions used to
Flowcharts tell the computer hardware what to do
● A graphical representation of
sequence of operations System Software - programs that are needed
● Contains symbols showing how the to keep and compile all the hardware and
program would work software systems
● It shows logic of an algorithm
Application Software - programs designed to
Symbols and Operations allow people perform specific task
● Terminal Block - oval-shaped use to
indicate “start/stop” Programming Language - standard
● Flow Lines - arrows used to indicate communication technique to transfer
the flow of the algorithm instructions to a computer
● Initialization Block - the hexagon,
used to declare or initialize variables Computer Programming - writing
● Input/Output Block - the instructions and giving them to the computer.
parallelogram, indicates the general It is also a process of writing, testing,
input and output operation, its output debugging, and maintaining a code.
is dependent to the decision block
Computer Program - set of instructions ● Reliable
written in a computer language, as well as an ● Flexible
organized list of instruction.

Programming - implementing one or more Java Program

interrelated abstract algorithms using a ● Every line of code tht runs in Java
particular programming language to produce a must be inside a class
concrete computer program.
Syntax:
Programmer - a person who writes the
required computer programs

Programming Development Life Cycle

1. Analyze the Problem - involves
understanding the problem and
Java Statement - specifies the action to be
determining what is required to solve
performed during the execution of the
it.
program
2. Design the Program - develop a
detailed logic plan for solving the
problem
● Statements should be enclosed with
3. Code the Program - execution of the
curly braces all the time
plans develop using a programming
language
Comments - are used to add notes and
4. Test Program - uses a predefined
documentation to source codes. THe types of
procedure and has a predictable
comments are as follows:
outcomes
● Single line comments (//)
5. Maintain Program - making changes
and improvements to the program

Compiler - specific software that gets the

whole source code, which is a computer ● Block Comment (/**/) - used for two
program written in human understandable line comments
form, and converts it to object code which is
machine understandable form

Interpreter - is translating and executing one ● JavaDoc Comment (/** **/) -

source code to an object code only by one. comments for multiple lines

Characteristics of a Well-Defined Program

● Correct and Accurate Java Identifiers - words that are used by
● Easy to Understand programmers to properly identify name a
● Easy to maintain and update class, procedure, methods, or variables. Rules
● Efficient in naming identifiers are as follows;
 ● Can use alphabets, numbers, exponential part. “f” is always required
underscore, and a dollar sign on a float literal
● Cannot start with a number
● Keywords,reserved words are banned
Guidelines in writing a Java Identifiers ● Boolean Literals - tells whether the
● Name the identifier close to its output is true or false, and is used for
functionality evaluating logical conditions
● Methods and variable name start in
lowercase while classes start in upper
case
● Use underscore or capitalize initials for
multiword identifiers ● String Literal - sequence of
● Avoid stating the identifiers using an characters from zero to more and is
underscore enclosed in double quotation marks

Java Programming Keywords - a set of fixed

symbols into the syntax of the language, these
● Character Literal - enclosed in a
are reserved and cannot be used as identifiers
single quotation marks

Java Literals - items in a program whose

values do not change. Classifications are a
Data Types - specify the different sizes and
follow;
values that can be stored in the variable. Two
● Integer Literals - are used to
types of data types in Java are as follow;
represent specific integer value
● Primitive data types - includes
1. Octal LIterals - begins with
boolean, char, byte. Short, int, long,
the digit 0 and contains any of
float, and double
the digits 0 through 7. example
● Non-primitive data types - includes
: 0123, 04567, 0356, etc.
classes, interfaces, and arrays.
2. Decimal Literal - contains any
of the digits 0 through 9. The
Boolean Data Type - values result to true or
first digit cannot be 0. Example
false, with its initial value as false
: 1234, 56789, 1.234, 5.6789 etc.
3. Hexadecimal Literal - the 0x
or 0X is to be placed in the
beginning of a number.
example : 0X1234, 0X5678, Char Data Type - represents a 16-bit Unicode
0x6754 Character, and must be enclosed in a single
4. Binary Laterals - used 0b or quote
0B as prefix next to number or
digits. example OB123,
0B456789, 0b345, etc. Integer Data Type - can store whole numbers
● Floating-Point Literals - numbers
that have a decimal point or an
Floating Point Data Types - can store between the two operators. R, count
fractional numbers or 7-digit decimal an ends =10
with “f”

Double Data Type - can store fractional

numbers or 15-digit decimal and ends with “d” ● Assignment Operators - used to
combine the “=” operator with one of
the binary arithmetic operators.
Example : c=9
String Data Type - used to store a sequence
of character or text

Java Variables - containers for storing data

values
Java Expressions - produces a result and
returns a value that can be a combination of
variables, literals, and operators.
● To compute values
● To assign values to variables
● To control the flow of execution ● Relational operators - used to
Java Operators - are used to manipulate the compare the results of two expression
values of variables. The types of operators are or operand
as follows;
● Arithmetic operators - used to
perform the four mathematical
operations and module (remainder)

● Logical operators - used to return a

true or false value based on the state
of the variables

● Increment(++)/Decrement(--)
Operators - illustrates the difference
 4. Nested if - means that an if
statement is inside an if
statement

Control Structure
● refers to the order of execution of
instruction in a program
● Allow non-sequential execution of
program instructions
● Instruction of a whole block of
instruction can be executed, repeated ● Switch Statement - used to
or skipped perform different actions
based on different conditions
Types of Control Structure
● Conditional Statement - used to
perform different actions based on
different conditions
1. if - specifies that a statement
will be executed if and only if a
certain boolean statement is
true

2. if-else statement - executes

some code if a condition is
true and another code if that
condition is false

3. If-else if-else statement -

executes different codes for
more than two conditions